ECOLOGYECOLOGYMaterials from the Materials from the

Conference on EcologyConference on Ecologyheld by group 202held by group 202

of the Faculty of Foreign of the Faculty of Foreign LanguagesLanguages

YekaterinburgYekaterinburgUSPU, 2006USPU, 2006

Aim of the project:Aim of the project:- To create a source of information on topic - To create a source of information on topic

“Ecology” for teachers of English and “Ecology” for teachers of English and students.students.

Tasks of the project:Tasks of the project:- To characterize the ecological situation in - To characterize the ecological situation in

general;general;- To describe the most urgent and vital - To describe the most urgent and vital

ecological problems;ecological problems;- To find out the ways of protection of our - To find out the ways of protection of our

environment.environment.

Project PortfolioProject Portfolio• Subject: ecological situation in the world, types

of pollution and other ecological problems, environmental protection;

• Language level: advanced;• Participants: students of group 202 of the

Faculty of Foreign Languages;• Age: 17-19;• Number of participants: 13;• Way of work: in- and outclass work;• Time of project work: 4 weeks.

Informational and Informational and Technical Sources:Technical Sources:• Internet resources;• The USPU library;• Scientific archives of the conductors

and participants of the project.

CONTENTSCONTENTS1. General Information 1. General Information (by Irene Melnikova)(by Irene Melnikova)

2. Ecological Problems 2. Ecological Problems (by Olya Kokorina)(by Olya Kokorina)

3. Ecological Situation Nowadays 3. Ecological Situation Nowadays (by Mary Gorochkina)(by Mary Gorochkina)

4. Animals In Danger 4. Animals In Danger (by Lydia Tokareva)(by Lydia Tokareva)

5. Disappearing Life 5. Disappearing Life (by Kate Shostakh)(by Kate Shostakh)

6. Environmental Protection 6. Environmental Protection (by Jane Terekhova)(by Jane Terekhova)

7. Land Pollution 7. Land Pollution (by Helen Vinogradova)(by Helen Vinogradova)

8. Greenhouse Effect 8. Greenhouse Effect (by Galya Sysolyatina)(by Galya Sysolyatina)

9. Radioactive Contamination 9. Radioactive Contamination (by Kate Kalina and Ann (by Kate Kalina and Ann Tokareva)Tokareva)

10. The Road To Destruction 10. The Road To Destruction (by Ruslan Khudaibergenov)(by Ruslan Khudaibergenov)

11. Noise Pollution 11. Noise Pollution (by Tanya Glazyrina)(by Tanya Glazyrina)

12. Light Pollution 12. Light Pollution (by Kate Kataeva)(by Kate Kataeva)

General InformationGeneral InformationMan is facing an ecological crisis. For centuries Man is facing an ecological crisis. For centuries

he thought little about the consequences of the he thought little about the consequences of the pressure he was placing upon nature. Today the by-pressure he was placing upon nature. Today the by-products of man's activity can be compared to the products of man's activity can be compared to the results of global geological processes. The pollution of results of global geological processes. The pollution of the atmosphere, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans has the atmosphere, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans has reached a dangerous level.reached a dangerous level.

Some of these ideas contain important Some of these ideas contain important constructive elements. It is as clear as day that as long constructive elements. It is as clear as day that as long as mankind continues to exploit nature in a blind as mankind continues to exploit nature in a blind barbarous way, it will be constantly threatened by barbarous way, it will be constantly threatened by ecological ruin. The solution to every problem of nature ecological ruin. The solution to every problem of nature conservation, is becoming complicated and costly.conservation, is becoming complicated and costly.

These problems multiply with the development of These problems multiply with the development of every new oil deposit, the opening of new coal mines, every new oil deposit, the opening of new coal mines, the building of railways and power stations. That is why the building of railways and power stations. That is why money and effort invested in conservation are vital.money and effort invested in conservation are vital.

1. What kind of crisis is man facing?1. What kind of crisis is man facing?2. What is the result of man’s activity?2. What is the result of man’s activity?3. Why money and effort invested in conservation are 3. Why money and effort invested in conservation are vital?vital?

Ecological ProblemsEcological ProblemsFor centuries our humanism has been developing in For centuries our humanism has been developing in

a lop-sided manner proclaiming man the lord and the a lop-sided manner proclaiming man the lord and the king of nature and not the child. Human achievements in king of nature and not the child. Human achievements in conquering nature are so great that the economic activity conquering nature are so great that the economic activity has an increasingly negative effect on the biosphere.has an increasingly negative effect on the biosphere.

Biodiversity describes the variety of life over a wide Biodiversity describes the variety of life over a wide spectrum of levels. Human activity is causing serious spectrum of levels. Human activity is causing serious destruction of biodiversity at all of these levels. If we lose destruction of biodiversity at all of these levels. If we lose variety within a system, will the system be able to keep variety within a system, will the system be able to keep going in a similar way? The "rules" of evolution game are going in a similar way? The "rules" of evolution game are well-known. The winners are the "fittest", the losers are well-known. The winners are the "fittest", the losers are the "less fit". But today animals and plants perish not so the "less fit". But today animals and plants perish not so much due to their physical extermination as due to the much due to their physical extermination as due to the production of chemical and other industrial pollutants.production of chemical and other industrial pollutants.

We all want a higher quality environment for We all want a higher quality environment for ourselves. Just as we now demand higher standards of ourselves. Just as we now demand higher standards of healthcare, or education, or public service, we healthcare, or education, or public service, we increasingly feel we have a right to a high quality increasingly feel we have a right to a high quality environment. The first step is to know what your rights environment. The first step is to know what your rights and responsibilities are.and responsibilities are.

1. In what way does man conquer nature?1. In what way does man conquer nature?2. Are there any systems and rules concerning 2. Are there any systems and rules concerning biodiversity?biodiversity?3. What do we need at last?3. What do we need at last?

Ecological Situation Ecological Situation NowadaysNowadays

Ecology is a very popular word today. Ecology is a very popular word today. But what But what does it mean? does it mean? Ecology is a science which studies the Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our planet relationship between all forms of life on our planet and the environment.and the environment.

This word came from Greek “oikos” which This word came from Greek “oikos” which means home. means home. The idea of home includes our whole The idea of home includes our whole planet, its population, Nature, animals, birds, fish, planet, its population, Nature, animals, birds, fish, insets and all other living beings and even the insets and all other living beings and even the atmosphere around our planet.atmosphere around our planet.

So, pollution is one of the most burning So, pollution is one of the most burning problems of nowadays. Now millions of chimneys, problems of nowadays. Now millions of chimneys, cars, buses, trucks all over the world exhaust fumes cars, buses, trucks all over the world exhaust fumes and harmful substances into the atmosphere. and harmful substances into the atmosphere. These These poisoned substances pollute everything: air, land, poisoned substances pollute everything: air, land, water, birds and animals. So, it is usually hard to water, birds and animals. So, it is usually hard to breathe in the large cities where there are lots plants. breathe in the large cities where there are lots plants. Everything there is covered with soot and dirt.Everything there is covered with soot and dirt.

11. What does the word “ecology” mean?. What does the word “ecology” mean?2. What country did the term “ecology” come from?2. What country did the term “ecology” come from?3. What may the reason of polluted atmosphere be?3. What may the reason of polluted atmosphere be?

Animals In DangerAnimals In DangerEnvironmental protection is one of the main Environmental protection is one of the main

problems of today. Industrial civilization is problems of today. Industrial civilization is characterized by numerous factories and power characterized by numerous factories and power stations, automobiles and airplanes. Technological stations, automobiles and airplanes. Technological progress improves people's lives, but at the same progress improves people's lives, but at the same time it causes numerous problems that were time it causes numerous problems that were unimaginable in the past centuries.unimaginable in the past centuries.

The blue whale is the largest animal which has The blue whale is the largest animal which has ever lived. It is three times heavier than the biggest ever lived. It is three times heavier than the biggest dinosaur. By 1963 their population had been reduced dinosaur. By 1963 their population had been reduced to just 1000. Today it is even less than that. The to just 1000. Today it is even less than that. The African elephant is the world's largest animal. In 1970 African elephant is the world's largest animal. In 1970 there were about 3.3 million of them living in the there were about 3.3 million of them living in the wild.wild.

We, people, are the only species that can We, people, are the only species that can change the world, and we are the only species that change the world, and we are the only species that can choose either to look after our world or to destroy can choose either to look after our world or to destroy it.it.

1. What is industrial civilization characterized by?1. What is industrial civilization characterized by?2. What species of animals are In great danger 2. What species of animals are In great danger nowadays?nowadays?3. Who is responsible for our world?3. Who is responsible for our world?

Disappearing LifeDisappearing LifeVast regions of the Earth have plenty of sunshine Vast regions of the Earth have plenty of sunshine

and rain. This hot, wet climate makes trees and plants and rain. This hot, wet climate makes trees and plants grow quickly, forming huge dense forests. They are grow quickly, forming huge dense forests. They are called tropical rain forests.called tropical rain forests.

Meanwhile, what is happening to the plant and Meanwhile, what is happening to the plant and animal life there? Animals, having lost their food and animal life there? Animals, having lost their food and home, move on to the remaining forests. They are home, move on to the remaining forests. They are followed by other animals in the food chain. Soon, the followed by other animals in the food chain. Soon, the remaining forest is overcrowded and is unable to remaining forest is overcrowded and is unable to support all the animals. What happens next. The land support all the animals. What happens next. The land that has been cleared from the forests is used for that has been cleared from the forests is used for farming. But, without the protection of the trees, the farming. But, without the protection of the trees, the soil quickly dries out and soon it is worn out.soil quickly dries out and soon it is worn out.

So what can be done to save tropical rain So what can be done to save tropical rain forests? There are two ways to prevent them from forests? There are two ways to prevent them from disappearing altogether. One way is to stop their disappearing altogether. One way is to stop their cutting down. The other way is to replant trees on the cutting down. The other way is to replant trees on the land that has been cleared.land that has been cleared.

1. What are tropical rain forests and what can we value 1. What are tropical rain forests and what can we value them for?them for?2. What is happening to the wild life there and what 2. What is happening to the wild life there and what does it mean?does it mean?3. What should be done to save the forests?3. What should be done to save the forests?

Environmental Environmental ProtectionProtection

Air pollution is the result of man’s use of Air pollution is the result of man’s use of chemicals, and is a common hazard in both industrial chemicals, and is a common hazard in both industrial and developing countries.and developing countries.

One form of air pollution is acid rains. Acid rain One form of air pollution is acid rains. Acid rain results from the release into the atmosphere of sulfur results from the release into the atmosphere of sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide. Electrical plants, industrial oxide and nitrogen oxide. Electrical plants, industrial boilers and automobiles are among chief sources of boilers and automobiles are among chief sources of these emissions. The gases react with water droplets, these emissions. The gases react with water droplets, forming a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, this forming a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, this mixture returns to earth in the form of acid rain, mist or mixture returns to earth in the form of acid rain, mist or snow. Acid rain is killing vast stretches of forests in snow. Acid rain is killing vast stretches of forests in Canada, the United States, and central and northern Canada, the United States, and central and northern Europe. Acid rain has acidified lakes and streams Europe. Acid rain has acidified lakes and streams making them unable to support fish, wildlife, plants or making them unable to support fish, wildlife, plants or insects.insects.

Scientists predict that by the year 2025 the Scientists predict that by the year 2025 the population will rise to 8,5 billion, and by the year 2050 population will rise to 8,5 billion, and by the year 2050 it will double. Most people find these figures alarming. it will double. Most people find these figures alarming. They are afraid that we will run out of land, energy and They are afraid that we will run out of land, energy and minerals. Optimists are sure that new generations will minerals. Optimists are sure that new generations will find a way out.find a way out.

1. What is air pollution the result of?1. What is air pollution the result of?2. What do you know about acid rains?2. What do you know about acid rains?3. What awaits us in the nearest future?3. What awaits us in the nearest future?

Land PollutionLand PollutionBoth human activities and natural events cause land Both human activities and natural events cause land

pollution. Soil contamination is often the first stage of pollution. Soil contamination is often the first stage of аа chain chain of events that lead to air and water pollution. Major of events that lead to air and water pollution. Major contributors to land pollution include chemical plants, oil contributors to land pollution include chemical plants, oil refineries, nuclear waste dumps, garbage dumps, corporal refineries, nuclear waste dumps, garbage dumps, corporal animal farms.animal farms.

What are the sources and impacts of litter pollution? What are the sources and impacts of litter pollution? Residential and commercial communities contribute to land, Residential and commercial communities contribute to land, air and water pollution when motor oil, antifreeze, household air and water pollution when motor oil, antifreeze, household chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers drain into soil and water.chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers drain into soil and water.

You can participate in land, water, and air pollution You can participate in land, water, and air pollution prevention by following these tips: 1. Reduce. 2. Reuse. 3. prevention by following these tips: 1. Reduce. 2. Reuse. 3. Recycle. 4. Recycle. 4. ААvoid chemicals in your home and yard. void chemicals in your home and yard. Substitute green cleaning practices for chemical cleaners. If Substitute green cleaning practices for chemical cleaners. If you do use household chemicals or fertilizers, dispose of you do use household chemicals or fertilizers, dispose of them safely.them safely.

1. What are main contributors to land pollution?1. What are main contributors to land pollution?2. What are the sources and impacts of litter pollution?2. What are the sources and impacts of litter pollution?3. How can we participate in land protection?3. How can we participate in land protection?

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse EffectCarbon dioxide is not very poisonous and it is Carbon dioxide is not very poisonous and it is

present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity that it present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity that it does us no harm. But here is what this apparently does us no harm. But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us. The harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us. The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. Eventually many cities will be drowned.Eventually many cities will be drowned.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going up steadily. This means that in the atmosphere is going up steadily. This means that in the coming decades Earth’s average temperature will go up coming decades Earth’s average temperature will go up slightly. The glaciers will retreat, the mountain tops will slightly. The glaciers will retreat, the mountain tops will grow more bare, and the polar ice caps will begin to melt. grow more bare, and the polar ice caps will begin to melt. It will drip down into the ocean and slowly the sea level It will drip down into the ocean and slowly the sea level will rise.will rise.

What is to be done? First, we must save our forests, What is to be done? First, we must save our forests, and even replant them. We must have new sources of and even replant them. We must have new sources of fuel. For example, nuclear fission. There is also the fuel. For example, nuclear fission. There is also the energy of waves, tides, wind, and the Earth’s interior energy of waves, tides, wind, and the Earth’s interior heat. Most of all, there is the direct use of solar energy.heat. Most of all, there is the direct use of solar energy.

1. What are the consequences of the increase of the 1. What are the consequences of the increase of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?2. Why is it dangerous if Earth’s average temperature 2. Why is it dangerous if Earth’s average temperature goes up?goes up?3. What should we do concerning the problem of the 3. What should we do concerning the problem of the “greenhouse effect”?“greenhouse effect”?

Radioactive Radioactive ContaminationContamination

ULTRA-VIOLET EMANATION is electromagnetic ULTRA-VIOLET EMANATION is electromagnetic waves, which length varies from 0,1 to 0,4 micro meter. waves, which length varies from 0,1 to 0,4 micro meter. NEGATIVE ASPECT: the influence of UV waves on the skin NEGATIVE ASPECT: the influence of UV waves on the skin & eyes may be destroyable. Eye & skin diseases, violent & eyes may be destroyable. Eye & skin diseases, violent burns & skin cancer (that is melanoma), other biological burns & skin cancer (that is melanoma), other biological effects are proven consequences of redundant intensity effects are proven consequences of redundant intensity of UV radiation.of UV radiation.

ATOMIC POWER STATIONS & ARTIFICIAL ATOMIC POWER STATIONS & ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVE SUBSTENCES which appear as a result of RADIOACTIVE SUBSTENCES which appear as a result of nuclear weapon tests are also important sources of nuclear weapon tests are also important sources of radiation. Nowadays they are very important producers radiation. Nowadays they are very important producers of energy.of energy.

In recent years the pollution problems have In recent years the pollution problems have received great publicity. The environmental movement received great publicity. The environmental movement has gained widespread trust & support. The protection of has gained widespread trust & support. The protection of natural resources & wildlife is becoming a political natural resources & wildlife is becoming a political program in every country. In the end of the XXth century program in every country. In the end of the XXth century atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs was stopped in atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs was stopped in different countries to prevent radioactive contamination different countries to prevent radioactive contamination of the atmosphere.of the atmosphere.

1. In what ways can UV rays influence man’s health?1. In what ways can UV rays influence man’s health?2. Do you think that people nowadays can live without 2. Do you think that people nowadays can live without nuclear power plants?nuclear power plants?3. What are the ways of protecting our Nature from 3. What are the ways of protecting our Nature from radioactive contamination?radioactive contamination?

The Road To The Road To DestructionDestruction

Anger and stress are nothing compared to the Anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car: over 3 thousand people real costs of the motor car: over 3 thousand people die every year in road accidents in Britain; 25 die every year in road accidents in Britain; 25 thousand deaths per year are caused by air pollution; thousand deaths per year are caused by air pollution; every seventh child in Britain suffers from asthma; in every seventh child in Britain suffers from asthma; in London cars produce 99% of all carbon monoxide in London cars produce 99% of all carbon monoxide in the atmosphere; some types of cancer are related to the atmosphere; some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution; traffic is one of the major causes of traffic pollution; traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change.global warming and climate change.

And now some advice from “Greenpeace” how And now some advice from “Greenpeace” how to solve these problems: 1. Use your legs. 2. Use to solve these problems: 1. Use your legs. 2. Use public transport. 3. Think before you go. 4. Share public transport. 3. Think before you go. 4. Share cars. 5. Don’t believe adverts!cars. 5. Don’t believe adverts!

6. Take action! There is always something we 6. Take action! There is always something we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. Talk to your neighbours, write to the papers, traffic. Talk to your neighbours, write to the papers, go to the town council, get a protest group together. go to the town council, get a protest group together. Don’t just sit around and complain!Don’t just sit around and complain!

1. What is meant by the real costs of the motor car?1. What is meant by the real costs of the motor car?2. What are the ways to improve our environment?2. What are the ways to improve our environment?3. Do you think that it is possible to stop using cars?3. Do you think that it is possible to stop using cars?

Noise PollutionNoise PollutionA number of experiments confirm that A number of experiments confirm that

industrial and car noise has a negative influence on industrial and car noise has a negative influence on people’s health and make their lives shorter, because people’s health and make their lives shorter, because it is impossible to get accustomed to this noise. A it is impossible to get accustomed to this noise. A person may not notice sounds, but it doesn’t save person may not notice sounds, but it doesn’t save him from problems with ears.him from problems with ears.

Cars give about 80% of noise. Japan is one of Cars give about 80% of noise. Japan is one of the noisiest country in the world. 82% of the the noisiest country in the world. 82% of the population live in such regions where industrial and population live in such regions where industrial and car noise is higher than it should be.car noise is higher than it should be.

Many young people who listen to loud music Many young people who listen to loud music may become deaf. This conclusion was made by may become deaf. This conclusion was made by Swedish and Japanese specialists, when they Swedish and Japanese specialists, when they examined students and senior schoolchildren. examined students and senior schoolchildren. Scientists try to make cars less noisy, airports and Scientists try to make cars less noisy, airports and plants are built in some distance from the cities. plants are built in some distance from the cities. People have to observe some rules to reduce noise in People have to observe some rules to reduce noise in flats.flats.

1. Is it possible to get accustomed to the noise?1. Is it possible to get accustomed to the noise?2. How many people in Japan live in regions where 2. How many people in Japan live in regions where car and industrial noise is higher than it should be?car and industrial noise is higher than it should be?3. What conclusion was made by Swedish and 3. What conclusion was made by Swedish and Japanese specialists?Japanese specialists?

Light PollutionLight PollutionNight satellite photographs of the Earth from Night satellite photographs of the Earth from

space show that light pollution fills the night sky all space show that light pollution fills the night sky all over the world. Until recently, bright night skies were over the world. Until recently, bright night skies were ааn issue n issue опопllуу for scientists and astronomers. Today, for scientists and astronomers. Today, light pollution is light pollution is аа public concern that affects wildlife, public concern that affects wildlife, ecosystems, human health, and the financial well-being ecosystems, human health, and the financial well-being of communities.of communities.

Unlike most pollution, light pollution is not Unlike most pollution, light pollution is not persistent. Turn the lights off, and the dark sky comes persistent. Turn the lights off, and the dark sky comes back immediately. Mitigating light pollution, however, back immediately. Mitigating light pollution, however, has proven to be particularly difficult.has proven to be particularly difficult.

One solution to light pollution problems is to One solution to light pollution problems is to control poor night lighting with laws codes or control poor night lighting with laws codes or ordinances. Local officials can cite ordinances. Local officials can cite ааnd prosecute those nd prosecute those who violate these codes. You can do your part by who violate these codes. You can do your part by learning more about light pollution and taking steps to learning more about light pollution and taking steps to reduce the extraneous night lighting in your own reduce the extraneous night lighting in your own backyard and town. These steps wi11 save you money backyard and town. These steps wi11 save you money ооn electricity bi1ls and help mitigate the world's energy n electricity bi1ls and help mitigate the world's energy crisis.crisis.

1. Where is light pollution most clearly seen from?1. Where is light pollution most clearly seen from?2. What is the difference between light pollution and 2. What is the difference between light pollution and other types of pollution?other types of pollution?3. How can we reduce light pollution?3. How can we reduce light pollution?

GLOSSARYGLOSSARY(some terms relating to the topic (some terms relating to the topic

“Ecology”)“Ecology”)

Acid rainAcid rain

SmogSmog

EmissionEmission

Nuclear fissionNuclear fission

RadiationRadiation

UltravioletUltraviolet

EmanationEmanation

SedimentationSedimentation

SedimentSediment

PathogenPathogen

PesticidePesticide

FertilizerFertilizer

FertilityFertility

Traffic jamTraffic jam

AccidentAccident

SewageSewage

PollutionPollution

ContaminationContamination

RecyclingRecycling

SustainabilitySustainability

DestructionDestruction

ExploitationExploitation

EliminationElimination

MitigationMitigation

ConservationConservation

PreservationPreservation

ProtectionProtection

DefenceDefence

DisturbanceDisturbance

StarvationStarvation

ExtinctionExtinction

SurvivalSurvival

HabitatHabitat

EvolutionEvolution

Natural selectionNatural selection

Natural resourcesNatural resources

RainforestRainforest

DeforestationDeforestation

ClimateClimate

Global warmingGlobal warming

The greenhouse effectThe greenhouse effect

Solar energySolar energy

Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide

EcologyEcology

EnvironmentEnvironment

EcosystemEcosystem

The atmosphereThe atmosphere

The biosphereThe biosphere

NatureNature

CivilizationCivilization

HumanityHumanity

PopulationPopulation

DiversityDiversity

BiodiversityBiodiversity

WildlifeWildlife

SpeciesSpecies

ThreatThreat

DisasterDisaster

Test on VocabularyTest on VocabularyTranslate these sentences using the vocabulary on the topic “Ecology”:Translate these sentences using the vocabulary on the topic “Ecology”:

Variant 1Variant 11. Экология – это наука об окружающей среде и экосистемах Земли.1. Экология – это наука об окружающей среде и экосистемах Земли.2. Выхлопные газы ежедневно засоряют атмосферу.2. Выхлопные газы ежедневно засоряют атмосферу.3. Природа – главное богатство цивилизации, поэтому мы должны её охранять.3. Природа – главное богатство цивилизации, поэтому мы должны её охранять.4. Население нашей планеты стремительно растёт, что может в скором времени привести к плохим 4. Население нашей планеты стремительно растёт, что может в скором времени привести к плохим

последствиям.последствиям.5. В настоящие дни человеческая цивилизация – главная угроза существования дикой жизни в 5. В настоящие дни человеческая цивилизация – главная угроза существования дикой жизни в

мире.мире.6. В красную книгу заносятся все исчезающие виды животных, птиц и растений.6. В красную книгу заносятся все исчезающие виды животных, птиц и растений.7. Не только охота на диких животных, но и их смерть от голода уменьшает численность редких 7. Не только охота на диких животных, но и их смерть от голода уменьшает численность редких

видов животных на Земле.видов животных на Земле.8. Вымирание динозавров и мамонтов – яркий пример, доказывающий, что надо непременно 8. Вымирание динозавров и мамонтов – яркий пример, доказывающий, что надо непременно

заботиться о животных, живущих на нашей планете сейчас.заботиться о животных, живущих на нашей планете сейчас.9. Разрушение среды обитания некоторых видов животных так же опасно, как и отсутствие хотя бы 9. Разрушение среды обитания некоторых видов животных так же опасно, как и отсутствие хотя бы

одного звена в пищевой цепочке.одного звена в пищевой цепочке.10. В результате эволюции обезьяна стала человеком.10. В результате эволюции обезьяна стала человеком.11. Действия современного общества привели к полному истощению природных ресурсов.11. Действия современного общества привели к полному истощению природных ресурсов.12. Вырубка лесов является одной из главных проблем в странах Южной Америки.12. Вырубка лесов является одной из главных проблем в странах Южной Америки.13. Глобальное потепление стало следствием парникового эффекта, о котором сейчас часто пишут 13. Глобальное потепление стало следствием парникового эффекта, о котором сейчас часто пишут

в газетах.в газетах.

Variant 2Variant 21. Парниковый эффект возникает из-за повышения концентрации углекислого газа в воздухе.1. Парниковый эффект возникает из-за повышения концентрации углекислого газа в воздухе.2. Один из самых безопасных видов энергии – это солнечная энергия.2. Один из самых безопасных видов энергии – это солнечная энергия.3. Выбросы вредных веществ в атмосферу вызывают кислотные дожди.3. Выбросы вредных веществ в атмосферу вызывают кислотные дожди.4. Густой туман, окутавший Лондон, стал причиной задержки моего самолёта.4. Густой туман, окутавший Лондон, стал причиной задержки моего самолёта.5. После взрыва на Чернобыльской атомной станции выброс радиации превышал все допустимые 5. После взрыва на Чернобыльской атомной станции выброс радиации превышал все допустимые

нормы.нормы.6. Загар появляется в результате воздействия ультрафиолетовых лучей на кожу человека.6. Загар появляется в результате воздействия ультрафиолетовых лучей на кожу человека.7. Современные пестициды помогают в борьбе с вредителями.7. Современные пестициды помогают в борьбе с вредителями.8. Я опоздал на пару из-за пробок.8. Я опоздал на пару из-за пробок.9. Загрязнение воздуха отрицательно сказывается также на состоянии воды и почвы в данном 9. Загрязнение воздуха отрицательно сказывается также на состоянии воды и почвы в данном

районе.районе.10. Загрязнение озера Байкал приведёт к тому, что мы потеряем источник самой чистой воды в 10. Загрязнение озера Байкал приведёт к тому, что мы потеряем источник самой чистой воды в

мире.мире.11. Одним из способов избавления от продуктов жизнедеятельности человека является 11. Одним из способов избавления от продуктов жизнедеятельности человека является

переработка.переработка.12. Ответственность за защиту окружающей среды полностью лежит на плечах всего человечества.12. Ответственность за защиту окружающей среды полностью лежит на плечах всего человечества.13. Горы необходимы как средство защиты против безумной жары в жарких широтах.13. Горы необходимы как средство защиты против безумной жары в жарких широтах.

THE END.THE END.