ecology
DESCRIPTION
Review for 7th Grade Ecology unitTRANSCRIPT
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ECOLOGYUnit Review
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The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments.
ECOLOGY
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ENVIRONMENT
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BIOMES
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ECOSYSTEM
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BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM/ GEOLOGICAL SYSTEM
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BIOTIC/ABIOTIC
Biotic – means all the LIVING things in an ecosytem.
Abiotic –means all the NON-LIVING things in an ecosystem. The prefix A- in front of a word turns its meaning into the opposite.
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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION This is how scientists classify
organisms
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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION An example of biological classification
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VERTEBRATE
An organism with a backbone
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INVERTEBRATE An organism without a backbone
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AUTOTROPHS (AKA PRODUCERS)
Autotrophs, also known as Producers, can make their own food from sunlight.
Producers are plants, algae, and some kinds of bacteria
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IN ECOLOGY “MAKING YOUR OWN FOOD”
Means THIS ….
NOT this …
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CONSUMER
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SCAVENGERS ARE CONSUMERS
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DECOMPOSERS
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ENDOTHERMIC/ EXOTHERMIC
Exothermic reactions transfer energy to the surroundings
Endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings
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DIVERSITY AKA BIODIVERSITY
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PREDATOR/PREY
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SYMBIOSIS
From the Greek word meaning “living together” and can be used to describe any association between two organisms living in close association with each other.
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COMMENSALISM
Individuals of one species benefit, while individuals of the other species do not benefit and are not harmed
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MUTUALISM
an association in which both organisms benefit
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PARASITISM
one organism [the parasite] benefits, and the other [the host] is adversely affected [weakened, sickened, damaged etc].
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FOOD CHAIN/FOOD WEB
Remember the arrows show the direction of the transfer of energy
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RESOURCES
Food … Water …. Air … Shelter
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HABITAT the place or environment where a
plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows.
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NICHE the status of an organism within its environment and community
(affecting its survival as a species). No two species can occupy the same niche at the same time for an extended period
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LIMITING FACTORS
Not enough Food (prey) Water Shelter
Too many Predators
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CARRYING CAPACITY
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ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT/RISK
Equilibrium = balance. Human interference often knocks ecosystems in the environment out of balance.
We must balance the benefits and risks of any action we take … otherwise known as trade-offs
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WAYS IN WHICH HUMANS CAUSE IMBALANCE
Introduced species Using non-renewable fuel sources
(fossil fuels) Damaging/destroying habitat Polluting the environment with
trash, chemicals, and gas emissions
Overhunting Overgrazing
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INTRODUCED SPECIES
Synonyms: non-indigenous, exotic, non-native, invasive
Buffelgrass
Starling Hydrilla
Purple loosestrife
Zebra mussels
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FOSSIL FUELS
• Fossil fuels come from ancient deposits of fossilized plants• NON-renewable, when they are gone … they gone forever• Polluting … burning fossil fuels pollutes the environment and damages ecosystems
• Oil (gasoline)• Coal• Natural Gas
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HABITAT DESTRUCTION
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HABITAT RESTORATION
If we use our scientific knowledge … we can fix some of the damage we have done …
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POLLUTION
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GREENHOUSE GAS
Any gas that increases the ability of our atmosphere to retain the heat of the sun
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GREENHOUSE EFFECT
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OVERHUNTING & OVERGRAZING
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THIS IS WHY ECOLOGY IS IMPORTANT …
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