ecological parasitology - university of vermontaneal/ecoparasit/ectoparasitesvectors2011.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Vector-bourne parasitesdiscussed in class
• Trypanosoma cruzi• T. brucei• T. evansi• Leishmania sp.• P. mexicanum• Plasmodium (human)• Dirofilaria immitis• Wuchereria bancrofti• Loa loa• Onchocerca volvulus• Myxoma• (Dracunculus medinensis)• (Dipylidium caninum)• (Moniezia sp.)
Vector-bourne parasitesdiscussed in class
• Trypanosoma cruzi- Triatoma• T. brucei- Glossina• T. evansi- vampire bats!• Leishmania sp.- Lutzomyia or Phlebotomus• P. mexicanum- Lutzomyia• Plasmodium (human)- Anopheles• Dirofilaria immitis- mosquitoes• Wuchereria bancrofti- mosquito- Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, etc.• Loa loa- horse fly• Onchocerca volvulus- black fly• Myxoma- mosquitoes, fleas, mites• (Dracunculus medinensis- copepods)• (Dipylidium caninum- fleas)• (Moniezia sp.- mites)
Classification
• Kingdom: Animalia– Phylum: Annelida: Leeches– Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Maxilipoda (in Subphylum Crustacea): Copepods,Fish louse
• Class: Arachnida– Subclass: Acari (ticks and mites)
• Class: Insecta– Order: Hemiptera: Bed Bugs– Order: Phthiraptera: Lice– Order: Siphonaptera: Fleas– Order: Diptera
» Family: Glossinidae/Muscidae: Tsetse fly» Family: Culicidae: Mosquitoes
Leeches
• In phylum withearthworms
• Hermaphroditic• Some blood-
sucking, somepredatory
• Some care foryoung
Ticks and Mites
• Family Argasidae– Soft ticks– Argas, Ornithodoros,
Tyroglyphus (mite)
• Family Ixodidae– Hard ticks– Rhipicephalus,Amblyomma,Dermacentor
Myxoma, viruses and bacteria, especially spirochetes like Borrelia
Lice
• Order Mallophaga– Biting lice– Trichodectes-
domestic animals,other mammals
• Order Anoplura– Sucking lice– Pediculus-
head/body louse(relapsing fever,typhus, trench fever)
– Phthirius- crab louse– Haematopinus-
domestic animals
Bed Bugs
• Cimex– Steal blood meals– Males “fertlize” other
males– Males stab females
to mate– Able to heal
exoskeleton
Tsetse Fly
• Glossina– Live birth- give birth
to a larva!– Both males and
femaleshematophagous
– Vector of Africantrypanosomes
– Palpi stick straightout
Mosquitoes
Anopheles• Long palps• Hind legs usually
curve up whilefeeding
• Plasmodium
Aedes• Striped legs• Hind legs usually
outstretchedwhile feeding
• Dengue, yellowfever
Culex• Blunt abdomen• Hind legs usually
curved up overback while feeding
• West Nile
Wuchereria bancrofti, Dirofilaria immitis, Myxoma