eco criticism, new historicism and diaspora paper - 07
TRANSCRIPT
Eco-Criticism, New Historicism and Diaspora
Hitesh Galthariya
Roll No :- 08 M.A. Sem :- 2 Year :- 2015-16
Paper :- 07 Literary Theory & Criticism - 2
Submitted to :Smt.S.B. Gardi
Department of EnglishM.K.Bhav.University
What is Eco-Criticism ?
• Eco-Criticism is a study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment.
• Just as feminist criticism examines language and literature from a gender conscious perspective, and Marxist criticism brings an awareness of modes of production and economic class to its reading of texts, eco-criticism takes an earth centered approach to literary studies.
• William Rueckert may have been the first person to use the term.
• In 1978, he published an essay “Literature and ecology: An experiment is eco-criticism”.
• Green studies, eco-poetics and environmental literary criticism- are forms.
• Two seminal works: “The eco-criticism reader” and “The environmental imagination”.
Ecocritics ask questions like:
(1)How is nature represented in this
sonnet?
(2) What role does the physical setting play in the plot of this novel?
(3) How can we characterize
nature writing as a genre?
New-Historicism
• Developed in 1980s.
• Stephen Greenblatt.
• Basic idea: history with literary text.
• Parallel reading of literary text and history.
New Historicism is a literary theory based on the idea thatliterature should be studied and intrepreted within the contextof both the history of the author and the history of the critic.Based on the literary criticism of Stephen Greenblatt andinfluenced by the philosophy of Michel Foucault, NewHistoricism acknowledges not only that a work of literature isinfluenced by its author's times and circumstances, but that thecritic's response to that work is also influenced by hisenvironment, beliefs, and prejudices.
“Text is historical and history is textual.”
• -Michael Wallner
“(New Historicism) is combined interest in the textuality of history, the historicity of text.”
• -Louis Montrose
New Historicism involves “an intensified willingness to read all of the textual traces of the past with the attention traditionally conferred only on literary text”
• -Stephen Greenblatt
Diaspora
• Birth of Diaspora Literature
• However, the 1993 Edition of Shorter Oxford's definition of Diaspora can be found. While still insisting on capitalization of the first letter, 'Diaspora' now also refers to 'anybody of people living outside their traditional homeland
• Often diaspora the body of Jews or Jewish communities outside Palestine or modern Israel.
• The term Diaspora coined from Greek word Diaspeirein - "to scatter about, disperse“.
Diasporas
• Citizen of a dominant city or state who emigrated to a conquered land with the purpose of colonization, to assimilate the territory into the empire.
• The term became more widely assimilated into English by the mid 1950s.
• Maintaining some form of attachment to each.
• It is scattered population from its origin in a smaller geo graphic area.
