ecn’s intelligent energy grid program · toyoto prius march 2008: 8 years after introduction...
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www.ecn.nl
ECN’s Intelligent Energy Grid Program
Martin ScheepersManager R&D Program
Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Summit, Amsterdam, 4&5 November 2009
2
Overview
Why do we need smart grids?
What are smart grids?Use of ICT4 levels of smart gridsExample: PowerMatcher
When and how will existing grids become smart?
3
Why smart grids?
Expected renewable and distributed electricity production growth in the Netherlands
0
5
10
15
20
25
Distributed Intermittent Distributed Intermittent Distributed Intermittent
2006* 2006* 2020 2020 2030 2030
[GW
]
wind offshore wind onshore mediu sized CHP micro CHP PV biomass & others
* Totaal productievermogen: 21.9 GW
4
Why smart grids?
(Plug-in) Electric Vehicles will contribute substantially to energy conservation
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Annual no. of Evs and PHEVs sold in the Netherlands if same introduction speed holds as Toyoto Prius
March 2008: 8 years after introduction Toyota Prius10,000 sold in the Netherlands
Total Evs and PHEVs in the Netherlandsincluding replacement after 10 years
929,000
585,000
42,000-55,000
120,000-143,000
246,000
129,000 149,000
392,000
2.7 million
1.3 million
Action Plan Stichting Natuur en Milieu
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Why smart grids?
Billions of euros needed to enable more renewable energy production and more energy conservation
Penetration distributed/sustainalbe generation (%distributed/peak load)
Incr
emen
tal c
ost
s n
etw
ork
op
erat
or
Network integration costs Including network innovations
0
Lower grid losses
Reinforcement costsand increasing grid losses
Lower reinforcement costs due to active network management
-20
% to
-8
0%
Smart Gridsreduces
integration costs
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LV
MV
HV/EHV
Smart meter
Smart Grids: ICT + distributed intelligence and automated operationalprocesses
Smart Grids:ICT + distributed intelligence supporting demand response and (real time) energy market participation
What are smart grids? Information & Communication Technology
Network operations
SCADA
Trading operations
ICT supported energy trade
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What are smart grids?
The 4 levels of smart grids
1. Demand/supply management
2. Load management
3. Grid stability en power quality
4. Self healing grids
Network operator
Energy supplier &System operator
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Conventional: supply follows demand
Sustainable energy (wind, solar) follows availabilityenergy source and not energy demand
Requires extra peak- en reserve capacity
What are smart grids?
1) Intelligent demand & supply management
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Intelligent demand & supply managementLess extra peak and reserve capacity required
Use flexibilityelectricity demand
What are smart grids?
1) Intelligent demand & supply management
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What are smart grids?
2) Load management
LS net
MSnet
Distributiestation
Uncontrolled charging5 hours charging
00:0
001
:00
02:0
003
:00
04:0
005
:00
06:0
007
:00
08:0
009
:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
[KV
A]
About 25 cars per 100 dwellings
Reinforcement of transport capacity
Controlled charging5 hours charging
00:0
0
01:0
0
02:0
0
03:0
0
04:0
0
05:0
0
06:0
0
07:0
0
08:0
0
09:0
0
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
00:0
0
[KV
A]
About 25 cars per 100 dwellings
Maximum transport capacity
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Example
PowerMatcher (I)Involving end-users and distributed generators in optimizing :
Demand & supply managementLoad management
The consumer:wants to minimise cost (and CO2 footprint),has flexibility to offer,doesn’t want to be bothered too much,…and she wants to decide for herself!.
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Hours/day
Days/yearP
rice
(Eur
o/M
Wh)
APX Day-ahead elektriciteitsprijzen 2006
Example
PowerMatcher (II)
volume
prijs
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Example
PowerMatcher (III)Scalability:
Large number of DER componentsSpread over a large area
Centralized control reaches complexity limits
Openness:DER units can connect and disconnect at willAll (future) DER types must be able to connect
Integration with renewable generation
Multi-actor interaction:Balancing of stakes: Locally and globally
Coordination exceeding ownership boundaries
Decide locally on local issues.
Align with liberalized energy markets
Multi-Agent Systems
(MAS)
Electronic Markets
Distributed Control &
Intelligence
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Example
PowerMatcher (IV)PowerMatcher is an ICT-based smart grid technology connecting appliances with energy market and network management systems using end-user flexiblilty
Supplier Network operator
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No network constrain
Energy management
usingmarket price
Constrained network
Local market operated within
network capacity limits
PowerMatcher demonstration: The Integral project
www.integral-eu.com www.powermatcher.net
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What are smart grids?
3) Grid stability and power quality
Consequences of distributed generation, new types of electric appliances and higher network loads :
Increasing voltage fluctuations (dips and spikes)
Local reactive power shortage
Frequency instability (less synchronous rotating mass)
Grid pollution (harmonics)
-230 V
+230 V
50 Hz
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What are smart grids?
3) Grid stability and power quality
Solutions:Power electronicsSmart control algorithmsAdvanced battery storage
Smart substationwww.vsync.eu
Smart power electronics combined with battery storage
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What are smart grids?
4) Self Healing Grids
Black out
Normal operation
Sensors + dynamic state estimation
Constrained operations and/or temporarily islanding(i.e. local balancing, local frequency control)
Local black start capability
Automated contingency planning
Emergency operation
Critical operation
smar
t grid
DEVS project (Dynamic state Estimation & Voltage Stability)www.devs-project.nl
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Demo
When and how will existing grids become smart?
Status smart grid technology
1. Intelligent demand & supply management
2. Load management
3. Grid stability & power quality
4. Self healing grids
ProofOf
Principle
ProofOf
Concept
ProofOf
Feasibility
ProofOf
Manufacturing
Simulation Lab test Field test
AvailableTechnology
ECN R&D program Industry
Collaboration & technology transfer
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When and how will existing grids become smart?
demonstration
2010 2015 2020
preparation
Taskforce smart grids
roll out
Innovation program
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Smart grids
Applying ICTActive participation of end-users4 levels of smart grids
Intelligent demand & supply managementLoad managementGrid stability and power quality Self healing grids
Enables more renewable electricity supply and more energy conservation in a cost effective wayComing years: demonstrating and preparationsSmart grids will become common practice from 2015 onwards
Thank you for yourattention