echinoderm research and diversity in latin america · simon e. coppard and juan josé alvarado 5...
TRANSCRIPT
Echinoderm Research and Diversityin Latin America
Juan José AlvaradoFrancisco Alonso Solís-MarínEditors
Echinoderm Research andDiversity in Latin America
123
EditorsJuan José AlvaradoCentro de Investigaciónes en Ciencias
del Mar y LimnologiaUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
Francisco Alonso Solís-MarínInstituto de Ciencias del Mar, y LimnologiaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico CityMexico
ISBN 978-3-642-20050-2 ISBN 978-3-642-20051-9 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20051-9Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012941234
� Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformation storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are briefexcerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for thepurpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of thework. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions ofthe Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must alwaysbe obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the CopyrightClearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exemptfrom the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date ofpublication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility forany errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, withrespect to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
We would like to dedicate this book to thepioneers of echinoderms research in LatinAmerican. To Marı́a Elena Caso, IreneBernasconi, Luis Roberto Tomassi andEvelyn Zoppi de Roa.
Foreword
This is a remarkable book. First and foremost, it compiles an immense amount ofliterature on all aspects of echinoderm biology and ecology over an extremelybroad geographical range. This will be extremely useful because much of theliterature is relatively unknown to the world at large. The description of theoceanography and marine environments of each country in a comprehensive waywill be of considerable interest to marine biologists in general.
One of the most interesting aspects of this book is the section devoted to thehistory of echinoderm studies in each country. The first reports about echinodermswere isolated and sporadic, not systematic studies. These generally did not beginuntil the 1850s with various foreign expeditions along the coasts of Latin America.Studies of echinoderms by workers in Latin American countries themselves didnot begin to develop appreciably until the 1950s. This has changed in a dramaticway. In the latter part of the twentieth century, interest in marine biology andrecognition of its importance in terms of basic science, the environment andconservation, and economics increased greatly. This led to an increase in thenumber of marine biologists in general and of echinoderm biologists in particular.The amount of research activity that has developed since then is impressive.Another thing that impressed me, apparent in the book, is the passion of LatinAmerican biologists for echinoderms, their commitment to conservation, theirdesire to assist their countries through their efforts, and their collegiality.
Florida, USA, March 2012 John M. LawrenceDepartment of Integrative Biology,
University of South Florida,Tampa
vii
Foreword
Juan José Alvarado is one of those students who, from very early on, denoted aclear interest in Marine Science and at some point defined his area of interest.When he started looking at the echinoderms of Costa Rica and later, at thosereported and collected from Coco Island National Park, he found what he waslooking for. Since then, he has been actively carrying out research on echinoderms,and most important, he has drawn attention to the activities regarding this groupthat are taking place in Latin America. First, with the publication of Research onEchinoderms in Latin America in 2005 (Revista de Biología Tropical, Volume 53,Supplement 3: 387 p.). Then, with the creation of the Iberoamerican EchinodermNetwork Red Iberoamericana de Equinodermos (RIE) in 2006. And in 2008, withthe publication of another Special Issue on echinoderm research in Latin America:Revista de Biología Tropical, 56 (Suppl. 3): 360 p. Now, together with FranciscoSolís-Marín from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), theyhave put together an outstanding compilation of echinoderm research in Ibero-america. The dedication of this book to the pioneering Latin American echinodermresearchers is a tribute to their great work and an acknowledgment of the fruit theirearly and many times solitary work has borne. It is a great honor for me to writethis Foreword, for I consider their work a significant step for biological research inthe region..
San José, Costa Rica, March 2012 Jorge CortésCentro de Investigación en Ciencias
del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR),Universidad de Costa Rica
ix
Preface
The Iberoamerican Echinoderms Network (Red Iberoamericana de Equinodermos)(RIE) (http://zicatela.umar.mx/*redequinos/2/) was created in August 2006 at the12th International Echinoderms Congress in New Hampshire, United States, as aninitiative to strengthen academic connections between Iberoamerican echinodermresearchers. The RIE seeks to fortify the links of researchers in the differentcountries of the region, being a bridge of communication and exchange of ideas. Itseeks to be the platform for discussion and communication of priority projects forLatin America echinoderms. It seeks to offer the opportunity of collaborativework, to place the region among the principal research and conservation regions ofthe world. Likewise, the RIE intends to support students interested in echinodermresearch. To enrich their formation, it will offer information about researchers whocould help in their projects, courses, seminars, or symposia, as well as providingliterature. The goal of the RIE is to develop workshops, congresses, specialjournals supplements and books, and to support the development of the knowledgeof the echinoderms in Latin America.
The first effort of the RIE was the preparation and publication of a Special Issueof the Revista de Biología Tropical (International Journal of Tropical Biology andConservation) (Alvarado, J. J. and Cortés, J. (Editors). 2005. Research on Echi-noderms in Latin America, Volume 53, Supplement 3: 387 p.) (http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/intpages/suppl/sup53-3.html). This initiative was born during the 11thInternational Echinoderms Congress in Münich, Germany, in 2003. This SpecialIssue compiled 28 papers from 12 countries by 62 authors, touching topics as diverseas paleontology in the Uruguayan region and fisheries models of sea cucumbers inBaja California. The second output of the RIE was a second supplement of theRevista de Biología Tropical (Alvarado, J.J. and Cortés, J. (Editors). 2008. Researchon Echinoderms in Latin America II, Volume 56, Supplement 3: 360 p.) (http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/intpages/suppl/sup56-3.html). This issue compiled 21 papersfrom eight countries by 46 authors in Latin America (including an invited paper fromthe Canary Islands). Those papers demonstrated the high degree of knowledge ofsome countries in topics such as diversity, ecology, aquaculture, and fisheries. It alsoidentified countries where more efforts are needed.
xi
The third effort was the establishment of the first Latin American EchinodermCongress (Congreso Latinoamericano de Equinodermos-CLE) held in PuertoMadryn, Argentina, between 13 and 18 November 2011. This congress wasorganized by the Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT), the Museo Argentino deCiencias Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’ (MACN), and the Universidad Nac-ional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. A total of 112 people participated in thisevent with 76 oral presentations and 54 Poster, covering the following themes:biogeography, biochemistry, ecology, physiology, paleontology, fisheries andaquaculture, reproduction and development, and taxonomy, systematics, andevolution.
This book represents the fourth output and the confirmation of the commitmentof the RIE with the international scientific community. The book represents anextensive recompilation of information about all the research done in the regionfrom theses, reports, books, and scientific journals. We were able to identify thestrengths and weaknesses of each country and also allow the international scien-tific community to be able to access information that was held in reports, theses,and local papers that were written in Spanish, allowing a greater diffusion of theresults and conclusions obtained. Our goal is to improve the echinoderm researchon the region and with this road map establish future research in collaboration withthe different laboratories and researchers that participated in this book.
Juan José AlvaradoFrancisco Solís-Marín
xii Preface
Acknowledgments
First of all, we thank each of the authors of the chapters that have made thiscompilation about Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America possible,to share their knowledge and passion for such a star group. Muchas gracias!
We also would like to acknowledge the help and support of all the reviewers whowith their comments and suggestions improved this book: Chris Pomory, CynthiaLara de Castro, David Pawson, Harilaos Lessios, John Pearse, Manuel Rey Méndez,Marc Eléaume, Martin Brogger, Nieves Elvira, Pablo González, Philip Lambert,Rosa del Valle, Tim O’hara, Tom Hopkins. We wish to grant specialcredit to John Lawrence and Jorge Cortés who with all the patience, interest,and care reviewed each of the chapters, leaving their wisdom on every page.
We wish to grant special credit to all the students from the Laboratorio deSistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos from the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar yLimnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, for their help with thefinal elaboration of the appendix: Mauricio Valdés De Anda, Julio Adrián ArriagaOchoa, Andrea Alejandra Caballero Ochoa, Tania Pineda Enríquez, CarolinaMartín Cao-Romero, Yoalli Quetzalli Hernández Díaz, Alejandra Martínez Melo,Viridiana Tapia Ramírez, Guadalupe Bribiesca Contreras, Pedro Josué GarcésSolchaga, Nancy Escandón Flores, Lucia Alejandra Hernández Herrejón andCarlos García Linares.
We appreciate the help of Monica Chavez in preparing all the figures in thisbook and Cindy Fernandez who always believed in this project and was a keystonefor the final elaboration. JJ Alvarado is grateful to CONACYT (México) andCONICIT-MICIT (Costa Rica). Finally, we thank Marion Schnider andSPRINGER for their interest in this book.
xiii
Contents
1 Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. . . . . . . . . 1Juan José Alvarado and Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín
2 The Echinoderms of Mexico: Biodiversity, Distributionand Current State of Knowledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Francisco A. Solís-Marín, Magali B. I. Honey-Escandón,M. D. Herrero-Perezrul, Francisco Benitez-Villalobos,Julia P. Díaz-Martínez, Blanca E. Buitrón-Sánchez,Julio S. Palleiro-Nayar and Alicia Durán-González
3 Central America Echinoderms: Diversity, Ecologyand Future Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Juan José Alvarado, Enrique Barraza and Tito Isaac Sancho-Mejías
4 Echinoderm Diversity in Panama: 144 Years of ResearchAcross the Isthmus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Simon E. Coppard and Juan José Alvarado
5 Echinoderms of Colombia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Milena Benavides-Serrato, Giomar Helena Borrero-Pérez,Jaime R. Cantera K, Mishal Cohen-Rengifo and Raúl Neira
6 Echinoderms of Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183Jorge Sonnenholzner, Margarita Brandt, Vanessa Francisco,Alex Hearn, María Luzuriaga, Paulina Guarderasand Juan Carlos Navarro
xv
7 Echinoderms from Venezuela: Scientific Recount,Diversity and Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235César Lodeiros, Alberto Martín, Vanessa Francisco, Nicida Noriega,Yusbelly Díaz, Jeny Reyes, Orangel Aguilera and José Alió
8 Echinoderms of Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277Yuri Hooker, Elba Prieto-Rios and Francisco A. Solís-Marín
9 Echinoderm from Brazil: Historical Research and the CurrentState of Biodiversity Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Carlos R. R. Ventura, Michela Borges, Lúcia S. Campos,Leticia V. Costa-Lotufo, Carolina A. Freire, Valéria F. Hadel,Cynthia. L. C. Manso, José R. M. C. Silva, Yara Tavaresand Cláudio G. Tiago
10 Echinoderm Research in Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345Sergio Martínez
11 Echinoderms from Argentina: Biodiversity, Distributionand Current State of Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Martín I. Brogger, Damián G. Gil, Tamara Rubilar,Mariano I. Martinez, María Enriqueta Díaz de Vivar,Mariana Escolar, Lucía Epherra, Analía F. Pérezand Alejandro Tablado
12 Echinoderms of the Cuban Archipelago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Rosa del Valle-García, Mercedes Abreu-Pérez, FranciscoAlonso Solís-Marín and Alfredo Laguarda-Figueras
13 Recent Echinoderms from Hispaniola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425Alejandro Herrera-Moreno and Liliana Betancourt
14 Review of Echinoderm Research in Puerto Rico,with the Focus on Biological and Ecological Aspects . . . . . . . . . 437Stacey M. Williams, Milena Benavides-Serrato, Jose E. García-Arrarás,Edwin A. Hernández-Delgado and Ruber Rodriguez Barreras
15 Echinoderms of the Canary Islands, Spain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471José Carlos Hernández, Sabrina Clemente, Fernando Tuya,Angel Pérez-Ruzafa, Carlos Sangil, Leopoldo Moro-Abadand Juan José Bacallado-Aránega
xvi Contents
16 Latin America Echinoderm Biodiversity and Biogeography:Patterns and Affinities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511A. Pérez-Ruzafa, J. J. Alvarado, F. A. Solís-Marín, J. C. Hernández,A. Morata, C. Marcos, M. Abreu-Pérez, O. Aguilera, J. Alió,J. J. Bacallado-Aránega, E. Barraza, M. Benavides-Serrato,F. Benítez-Villalobos, L. Betancourt-Fernández, M. Borges,M. Brandt, M. I. Brogger, G. H. Borrero-Pérez,B. E. Buitrón-Sánchez, L. S. Campos, J. R. Cantera, S. Clemente,M. Cohen-Renfijo, S. E. Coppard, L. V. Costa-Lotufo,R. del Valle-García, M. E. Díaz de Vivar,J. P. Díaz-Martínez, Y. Díaz, A. Durán-González, L. Epherra,M. Escolar, V. Francisco, C. A. Freire, J. E. García-Arrarás,D. G. Gil, P. Guarderas, V. F. Hadel, A. Hearn,E. A. Hernández-Delgado, A. Herrera-Moreno, M. D Herrero-Pérezrul,Y. Hooker, M. B. I. Honey-Escandón, C. Lodeiros, M. Luzuriaga,C. L. C. Manso, A. Martín, M. I. Martínez, S. Martínez,L. Moro-Abad, E. Mutschke, J. C. Navarro, R. Neira, N. Noriega,J. S. Palleiro-Nayar, A. F. Pérez, E. Prieto-Ríos, J. Reyes,R. Rodríguez-Barreras, T. Rubilar, T. I. Sancho-Mejia, C. Sangil,J. R. M. C. Silva, J. I. Sonnenholzner, C. R. R. Ventura, A. Tablado,Y. Tavares, C. G. Tiago, F. Tuya and S. M. Williams
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Contents xvii
Chapter 13Recent Echinoderms from Hispaniola
Alejandro Herrera-Moreno and Liliana Betancourt
13.1 Introduction
The Island of Hispaniola is the second largest in the Archipelago of the GreaterAntilles. It is located between 17�3601500N and 19�5700900N, and 68�1902200W and74�4103300W. Its geographical boundaries are the Atlantic Ocean to the north, theCaribbean Sea to the south, the Mona Channel to the East, which separates it fromPuerto Rico, and in the West, the Windward Passage and the Jamaica Channel,which separate it from Cuba and Jamaica, respectively. The 76,480 km2 of itsterritory is divided politically into two countries: Dominican Republic to the eastand the Republic of Haiti in the west, separated by a land border of 360 km.
The Republic of Haiti has a total area of 27,750 km2, which includes themainland territory plus several islands and islets such as Gonave (743 km2),Tortue (180 km2), Vache (52 km2), Cayemites (45 km2) and Navassa (5.2 km2).The Dominican Republic has an area of 48,442 km2 of mainland in addition toseveral islands and islets such as Saona (117 km2), Beata (27 km2) and Catalina(9.6 km2). Two oceanic banks: Christmas and Silver Banks, with areas of 70 and150 km2 respectively, are located to the north of Samana in the Atlantic Ocean.
The coastline of Hispaniola extends for about 3,059 km (1,288 km belong to 16Dominican coastal provinces and 1,771 km to nine Haitian coastal provinces)containing ecosystems such as sandy beaches, rocky shores, cliffs, estuaries,coastal lagoons and mangrove forests. On the Haitian coast important mangrovesareas are reported along the north and northeast coast in the Bays of Fort Liberté,l’Acul, Caracol, the Artibonite estuary and the Islands Les Cayes, Vache, Gonaveand Cayemite (Ehrlich et al. 1987). Along the Dominican coast the largest areas ofmangroves are found in the Bay of Samaná and Montecristi.
A. Herrera-Moreno (&) � L. BetancourtPrograma EcoMar, Inc., Santo Domingo, Dominican Republice-mail: [email protected]
J. J. Alvarado and F. A. Solís-Marín (eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversityin Latin America, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20051-9_13,� Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
425
The Dominican shelf has a surface area of 8,130 km2 extending down to 200 mdepth, with an average width of 7.5 km. The platform area of Haiti is estimated at6,683 km2 and is on average narrower. Important coastal habitats include sandy ormuddy bottoms (related to the degree of terrigenous influence), commonly pop-ulated with abundant macrophytobenthos, especially seagrasses, followed by coralpatches and fringing or barrier reefs. In Haiti coral reefs occur near Vache Island,all around Gonave Island in the central Bay of Port-au-Prince, on the RocheloisBank, at Cayemites Islands, off the northern coast of the southern peninsula, andfrom the border with the Dominican Republic in the east to Acul Bay just west ofCape Haitien (Creary et al. 2008). Well preserved reefs are found at NavassaIsland (Causey et al. 2000).
In the Dominican Republic important reef areas include the MontecristiNational Park barrier reef in the north-west (where the shelf is widest), narrowhigh-energy reefs in the central region, and the Bávaro-Macao-Punta Cana barrierreef system at the eastern end. Samaná Bay receives many rivers and is the largestestuary of the insular Caribbean. Coastal reefs in the vicinity are poorly developed,but the Christmas and Silver Banks reef systems are about 100 km to the north. Tothe south, on the Caribbean coast, are the well-studied reefs of National East Parkand the adjacent Saona Island. Uplifted carbonate terraces with reefs growing onnarrow platforms are present in the west from Catalina Island to beyond SantoDomingo (e.g. Boca Chica and the Submarine National Park La Caleta). Condi-tions are not good for reefs in the south-west, except on the shallow sheltered shelfeast of Cabo Beata at National Park Jaragua (Woodley et al. 2000).
13.2 Research
Echinoderm studies of the waters around Hispaniola Island have a long history.The Haitian collection of David Friedrich Weinland from 1857 (NMNH 2002) andthe work on holothuroids by Emil Selenka (1867), with the record of Actinopygaagassizi (Selenka, 1867) in Haiti and the description of the type specimen ofHolothuria grisea Selenka, 1867, are among the earliest contributions.
William More Gabb made collections in the Dominican Republic in 1878 anddeposited several specimens of Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) in the U.S.National Museum of Natural History (Rathbun, 1886). In December 1878, duringthe Blake Expedition, the echinoid Salenocidaris varispina (A. Agassiz, 1880) wascollected northwest of Haiti at 2,195 m depth (A. Agassiz, 1880). Dodërlein andHartmeyer (1910) and Verrill (1915) summarized previous records of asteroidsfrom Hispaniola. Hubert L. Clark (1919) provided the first taxonomic summary ofHaitian echinoderms listing more than 20 species of all classes, except crinoids.
In the 1930s, new contributions to the knowledge of echinoderms fromHispaniola include Deichmann (1930) who summarized previous records for theDominican Republic and Haiti in her review of the holothurians of the western partof the Atlantic Ocean. The handbook of the littoral echinoderms of Porto Rico and
426 A. Herrera-Moreno and L. Betancourt
the other West Indian Islands (H.L. Clark 1933) also summarized historicalinformation about all classes of echinoderms for Hispaniola, except crinoids, withsome new records. Austin H. Clark (1939) listed 19 species of shallow-waterechinoderms (between 1 and 2 m depth) collected in two localities in the north ofHaiti (Cape Haitien and Tortue Island) during the Smithsonian-Hartford expedi-tion of March 1937, aboard the RV Joseph Conrad.
New collections took place during the 1930s on five expeditions: Parish-Smithsonian in 1930 to Haiti on the yacht Esperanza, Norcross-Bartlett in July 1931to the southwest of Santo Domingo down to 200 m depth on the schooner EffieMorrissey, Johnson–Smithsonian Deep-Sea in February 1933 on the Yacht Carolineat depths from 26 to 40 m at twelve stations inside the Bay and around the Peninsulaof Samaná (Bartsch 1933), RV Stranger in February 1933 in Port-au-Prince and theRV Atlantis in April 1939 dredging to 1,170 m deep at one station to the northeast ofHaiti (H.L. Clark 1941). These expeditions contributed new records for Hispaniolaincluding two deep-water asteroid species: Persephonaster patagiatus (Sladen,1889) and Phormosoma placenta sigsbei (A. Agassiz, 1880). The expeditions of1931 and 1933 collected the first specimens of crinoids: Poliometra prolixa (Sladen,1881) and Nemaster rubiginosa (Pourtalés, 1869).
In the decade of 1960s two expeditions took place. The exploratory fishingvessel Silver Bay in October 1963 made collections at six stations between 92 and348 m deep in the north, northeast and east of the Dominican Republic. Theexploratory fishing vessel Oregon in June and May, 1965 and December 1969collected between 11 and 59 m deep at four stations off the north Haitian coast andthe northeast Dominican coast. During this period, Parslow and Clark (1963)summarized the zoogeographical distribution of shallow-water (less than 17 mdeep) ophiuroids known for the West Indies, including 11 species from Hispaniola,updating the previous list of H.L. Clark (1919). Deichmann (1963) summarizedprevious records of holothuroids for Haiti. Halpern (1969) mentioned the asteoridLitonotaster intermedius (Perrier, 1884) found in the Windward Pass, betweenCuba and Hispaniola, at a depth between 1,958 and 3,294 m (Downey 1973).
From January to July 1970 and July 1971 the most prolific expeditions carriedout in Hispaniolan waters took place aboard the RV John Elliot Pillsbury.Collections were made at seven stations in Haiti, between 31 and 2,545 m deep,and 33 stations in Dominican Republic, between 9 and 3,109 m deep (Fig. 13.1)(Staiger and Voss 1970). Meyer et al. (1978) included the RV John Elliot Pillsburycollections in their zoogeographical study of western Atlantic Ocean crinoids,offering the most complete summary of this group, with 19 species listed forDominican and Haitian waters. In her review of the Order Brisingida forthe Atlantic Ocean, Downey (1986) also incorporated Haitian specimens from thePillsbury expeditions. A.M. Clark (1987) described the type specimen of theasteoridHenricia downeyae A.M. Clark, 1987 from a Haitian locality, registered inthe catalogue of types of the NMNH (Ahearn 1995). Two more records for Haitifrom this period were the holothuroid Psolus tuberculosus Théel, 1886 (Miller andPawson 1984) and the asteroid Ceramaster grenadensis grenadensis (Perrier,1881) (Halpern 1970).
13 Recent Echinoderms from Hispaniola 427
All these expeditions increased the collections of the five classes of echino-derms from Hispaniola in international museums with 541 specimens of 132species located in the U.S. Museum of Natural History (NMNH 2002), FloridaMuseum of Natural History (FLMNH 2010), Museum of Comparative Zoology atHarvard University (MCZ 2010) and Museum of Natural Sciences of Berlin (ZMB2010). The RV John Elliot Pillsbury expeditions had a decisive role in theenrichment of collections, particularly with deep-sea species, that at the end of the1970s, 90 % of the crinoid, asteroid, and echinoid species known from Hispaniolawere already described and deposited in different museums.
In the Dominican Republic, the creation of the Center of Marine BiologyResearch (CIBIMA) in 1962 promoted coastal and marine biodiversity research.Between the decades from 1970 to 1990, CIBIMA produced summarized list ofechinoids and asteroids (Cicero et al. 1976), ophiuroids (Rathe 1978) and holo-thuroids (Briones 1983). Multiple reports were finally compiled into a preliminarystudy on coastal and marine biodiversity of the Dominican Republic (CIBIMA1992). From these investigations, 242 specimens of 58 species are deposited in theNational Museum of Natural History of Santo Domingo (MNHNSD 2008).
In May 1979, the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, along with theUniversity of Puerto Rico, implemented an expedition on board the RV Crawfordto make inventories of the southeast Dominican reefs of La Caleta and Catalinaand Saona Islands (Williams et al. 1983). Later the IDECOOP expedition
Fig. 13.1 Localities where collections of echinoderms have been made by several expeditionsand national and international projects on the shelf and oceanic waters of Hispaniola
428 A. Herrera-Moreno and L. Betancourt
(Fig. 13.1) made collections between 142 and 270 m deep with three new recordsfor the deep-sea Dominican echinoderms: the crinoid Cenocrinus asterius (Lin-naeus, 1775); the ophiuroid Astronicda isidis Lyman, 1872 and the echinoidConolampas sigsbei (A. Agassiz, 1878) (Rivas 1983). Studies carried out byresearchers from East Carolina University in Montecristi reefs (Luczkovich 1991)extended the reports of Dominican crinoids with the record of Tropiometra cari-nata (Lamarck, 1816).
The information on Haitian echinoderms comes from old collections, that havealready been mentioned, and some more recent studies carried out by foreigninstitutions. In June 1988, a detailed study at 13 stations on different ecologicalzones (from the reef lagoon to the frontal reef) of the Arcadines coral reefs wasmade by the World Wildlife Fund and the Conservation Foundation WilcoxAssociates, between 0.3 and 21 m depth (Wilcox et al. 1989). Twelve species ofcommon shallow-water echinoderms were reported. Hendler et al. (1995) sum-marized the echinoderms from approximately 17 old Haitian records.
With the implementation of the Hispabiota Marina Project (Herrera-Morenoand Betancourt 2012) by Programa EcoMar, Inc. in the Dominican Republic abibliographical and taxonomic review of echinoderm species was done for the firsttime, with a historical and insular approach (Herrera-Moreno and Betancourt2004). A database was created with the results of collections of echinoderms frommore than 150 localities of the coastal zone, the shelf and the deep zone ofHispaniola (Fig. 13.1). This project added 60 species to the national inventory ofCIBIMA (1992) confirming 123 species for Dominican coastal and marine zone. Italso compiled for the first time 79 species for Haiti. A total of 156 species forHispaniola (Appendix) is discussed in the present report.
13.3 Diversity and Distribution
The numbers of echinoderms in different taxonomic categories for the DominicanRepublic, Haiti and Hispaniola are summarized in Table 13.1. There are 22 speciesof crinoids (18 for the Dominican Republic and eight for Haiti), subdivided into 17genera, nine families and four orders. About five species of crinoids are found incoral reef environments at depths to 45 m deep including those which, according toHendler et al. (1995), are more common and accessible to conventional scubadiving. The remaining species are distributed below 100 to 1,033 m deep.
The list of asteroids has 33 known species (18 for Haiti and 21 for theDominican Republic) subdivided into 24 genera, 11 families and seven orders.Downey (1973) in her review of the asteroids in the Gulf of Mexico and theCaribbean described 95 species and noted that the asteroid fauna from Hispaniolawas practically unknown. The bathymetric ranges of the asteroid species knownfrom Hispaniola varies from 0.3 to 3,493 m deep. About eight species are dis-tributed from the surface to 50 m deep primarily from the mangroves to the reeffront, with the remaining species found below 50 m deep.
13 Recent Echinoderms from Hispaniola 429
Thirty species of ophiuroids are known for Hispaniola (21 for Haiti and 24 forthe Dominican Republic), subdivided into 20 genera, 12 families and two orders.Most species of ophiuroids are distributed in water less than 30 m deep found inseagrass beds and coral reefs. Only four species were collected between 148 and366 m deep.
Fifty species of echinoids are listed (21 for Haiti and 41 for the DominicanRepublic) subdivided into 36 genera (including one species identified only to thegenus level), 17 families and 12 orders. Although bathymetric data are notavailable for all species, the collections from Hispaniola contain the more commonshallow-water species from mangrove habitats, seagrass beds and coral reefs. Atleast about 30 species are distributed from 100 to 2,545 m depth.
The list of holothurians of Hispaniola includes 21 species (11 for Haiti and 18for the Dominican Republic) with ten genera, seven families and three orders.Most species of holothuroid are common in shallow sedimentary environments.Three species are found between 243 and 1,400 m deep.
13.4 Ecology
In the Dominican Republic, echinoderm species are mentioned in the inventoriesof invertebrates of seagrass beds and coral reefs from Manzanillo to Punta Rucia inMontecristi (Luczkovich 1991; CIBIMA 1998), Puerto Plata (Herrera-Moreno and
Table 13.1 Summary of the numbers of different taxonomic categories for echinofauna groupsof Dominican Republic (DO), Haiti (HA) and Hispaniola (HI)
Orders Families Genus Species
Crinoidea HA 3 4 7 8DO 4 9 14 18HI 4 9 17 22
Asteroidea HA 7 11 16 18DO 4 7 14 22HI 7 11 24 33
Ophiuroidea HA 2 9 12 21DO 2 11 15 24HI 2 12 20 30
Echinoidea HA 7 12 15 21DO 10 16 31 41HI 12 17 36 50
Holothuroidea HA 3 6 7 11DO 3 5 7 18HI 3 7 10 21
TOTAL HA 22 42 57 79DO 23 48 81 123HI 28 57 107 156
430 A. Herrera-Moreno and L. Betancourt
Betancourt 2009), Samaná (Sang and Lysenko 1994; Sang 1996), Punta Cana,Bávaro (CURPOB 2000; Brandt et al. 2003), National East Park (Vega et al. 1997)and Isla Saona in La Altagracia, Catalinita in La Romana, La Caleta in SantoDomingo (Williams et al. 1983), Haina in San Cristóbal (Herrera-Moreno et al.2009), Las Calderas Bay in Peravia (Almonte 1976), Puerto Viejo in Azua(González et al. 1978) and Jaragua National Park in Pedernales (Weil 2006).In Haiti, inventories with echinoderm species include Lamentin (Beebe 1928), LesArcadins reefs (FoProBIM 1985; Wilcox et al. 1989) and Navassa (Miller 2003).
Due to the dramatic reduction of black sea urchin Diadema antillarum in theCaribbean in the 1980s, the presence of this species is always highlighted in allinventories and some abundance surveys have been done. In the Dominican reefs,Chiappone (2001) estimated an average density of D. antillarum of 0.03 ind50 m-2 for the coral reefs in the National East Park, between 9 and 17 m depth.He also estimated 9.15 ind 50 m-2 in the Boca Chica reefs between 4 and 20 mdepth. Brandt et al. (2003) reported a maximum density of 5.4 ind 10 m-2 in thereefs of Punta Cana and Bavaro with the highest average values in the deep fore-reef (1.2 ind 10 m-2) in relation to the shallow areas of the back-reef (0.5 indi-viduals/10 m2). For Caracol Bay in Haiti, Hay (1984) reported 20 ind m-2,between 3 and 10 m depth. FoProBIM (FoProBIM 1985) found densities of D.antillarum up to 14.5 ind 100 m-2 at 5 m depth in the area of Les Arcadines. Morerecently, abundance values from 0 to 1.5 ind 10 m-2 have been reported in thesame area by Linton (2003).
However, ecological studies at the level of echinoderm populations or com-munities seem to be scarce. In the Dominican Republic, Chiappone (2001) con-ducted a study measuring density and size distribution for five species of echinoids(D. antillarum, Echinometra viridis, Echinometra lucunter, Eucidaris tribuloidesand Tripneustes ventricosus) in the National East Park and Boca Chica. Tewfiket al. (2005) studied the impact of anthropogenic enrichment on the seagrass foodweb at two locations in southern Dominican Republic (Pedernales and Barahona),involving several species of echinoderms, categorized by them as three consumerfunctional groups: (a) generalists (regular urchins: Lytechinus variegatus, T.ventricosus, D. antillarium); (b) subsurface deposit feeders (red heart urchinMeoma ventricosa and sand dollars) and (c) surface deposit feeders (cushion seastar Oreaster reticulatus and sea cucumbers). Hay (1984) compared the activity ofgrazing fish and sea urchins in the Bay of Caracol in Haiti, on an overexploitedcoral reef including density data of Diadema antillarum and its rate of con-sumption of Thalassia testudinum.
13.5 Aquaculture and Fisheries
Commercial fishing of sea cucumber takes place in the Dominican Republic.According to the Dominican Council of Fisheries and Aquaculture CODOPESCAin 2002 there was an export of 57.6 MT, equivalent to 9 % of seafood exports. The
13 Recent Echinoderms from Hispaniola 431
figures for years 2007, 2008 and 2009 indicate much smaller export volumes with1.27, 2.37 and 1.37 MT, respectively. The trading company for sea cucumbers inthe Dominican Republic is NETCO C x A which operates from Juan de BolañoBeach in Montecristi with CODOPESCA permissions for exportation to the UnitedStates. There are no studies that scientifically support this exploitation. In fact,there is no information on the species being harvested, minimum sizes, closeseasons or any other descriptive parameters of an organized fishery. The survivalof these echinoderm populations is seriously threatened. According to Toral-Granda (2008), between 2002 and 2003, China imported 2,607 kg of dry weight ofsea cucumbers from Dominican Republic and 10,680 kg of dry weight from Haiti.In Haiti, the Caribbean SeaFood Company announces online the sale of dried seacucumbers of the species Stichopus badionotus.
13.6 Threats
The threats to echinoderms are not very different from those faced by other marinegroups of Hispaniola. The destruction of ecosystems (mainly mangroves, seagrassbeds and coral reefs) due to coastal development (human settlements, agriculture,industrial and tourist facilities and/or fishing) and tourism activities (especiallydiving) is the major threat that affects all groups. In addition to impacts of habitatdestruction, some groups of echinoderms are exploited for commercial purposes.These include some species of sea cucumbers used for human consumption andsome species of starfish and sea urchins used for sale as aquarium species(SERCM 2004). Other echinoderm species, such as the sand dollar Mellita quin-quiesperforata and the starfish Oreaster reticulatus are collected for handicraftsthat are sold in tourist establishments. Some fishermen also use this asteroidspecies as bait in net traps. No ecological studies or fisheries biology research havebeen done to support a sustainable exploitation of these resources.
13.7 Recommendations
It is essential to train a group of national specialists from Haiti and the DominicanRepublic in the systematic of all echinoderm classes that can work closely togetherto better understand the echinofauna of Hispaniola. The National Museum ofNatural History in Santo Domingo should be involved in the development andreview of the marine collections. New investigations in structural ecology andpopulation dynamics of echinoderms must be initiated for those species that maybe subject to some kind of extractive use. For exploited species, it is also necessaryto conduct fishery biology investigations for the establishment of closed seasons,protected areas from fishing and legal minimum sizes. Fishing regulations andfishery statistics are crucial for a sustainable exploitation of these species. Marine
432 A. Herrera-Moreno and L. Betancourt
research should continue increasing the knowledge of the echinoderms in newareas of the Dominican and Haitian platforms, including exploration of deeperzones.
References
Agassiz A (1880) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz,in the Caribbean Sea, 1878–79 and along the Atlantic coast of the United States during thesummer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer ‘‘Blake‘‘commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., Commanding. IX. Preliminary report on the Echini. Bull Mus Comp Zool Harvard Coll8:69–84
Ahearn CG (1995) Catalog of the type specimens of seastars (echinodermata: asteroidea) in thenational museum of natural history, Smithsonian Institution. Smith Contr Zool 572:1–59
Almonte NC (1976) Bahía de Las Calderas, flora y fauna. Ed Amigo del Hogar, Santo Domingo,República Dominicana
Bartsch P (1933) Station records of the first Johnson–Smithsonian deep-sea expedition. SmithMisc Coll 91:1–31
Beebe W (1928) Beneath tropic seas. A record of diving among the coral reefs of Haiti. GPPutnam’s Sons, New York
Brandt ME, Cooper WT, Polsenberg JF (2003) Results of a coral reef survey of Punta Cana,Dominican Republic, with comparisons to past studies and other Caribbean reefs, August20–25. Report of The National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research, Rosenstiel Schoolof Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami
Briones R (1983) Contribución al estudio de los holoturoideos (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)de la República Dominicana. Academia de Ciencias, Santo Domingo
Causey B, Delaney J, Diaz E, Dodge D, Garcia JR, Higgins J, Jaap W, Matos CA, Schmahl GP,Rogers C, Miller MW, Turgeon DD (2000) Status of coral reefs in the US Caribbean and Gulfof Mexico: Florida, Texas, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands and Navassa. In: Wilkinson C (ed)Status of coral reefs of the world: 2000. Australian Institute for Marine Science, Townsville,pp 239–260
Chiappone M (2001) Coral reef conservation in marine protected areas: a case study of ParqueNacional Del Este Dominican Republic publications for capacity building. The NatureConservancy, Arlington
CIBIMA (1992) Estudio preliminar sobre la biodiversidad costera y marina de la RepúblicaDominicana. Ed Alfa y Omega, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
CIBIMA (1998) La diversidad biológica de los ecosistemas marinos del Parque Nacional deMontecristi. Reporte técnico del Proyecto GEF-PNUD/ONAPLAN: Conservación y Manejode Biodiversidad de la Zona Costera de la República Dominicana, Centro de Investigacionesde Biología Marina (CIBIMA), Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), SantoDomingo, República Dominicana
Cicero J, Rivas V, Bonnelly I (1976) Erizos y estrellas comunes del litoral dominicano. An AcadCien Rep Dominic 2:73–80
Clark HL (1919) The distribution of the littoral echinoderms of the West Indies. Publ Dept MarBiol Carnegie Inst Wash 13:49–74
Clark HL (1933) A handbook of the littoral echinoderms of Porto Rico and the other West IndianIslands. Sci Surv Porto Rico Virg Isl NY Acad Sci 16:1–147
Clark AH (1939) Echinoderms of the Smithsonian–Hartford expedition, 1937, with other WestIndian records. Proc US Nat Mus 86:441–456
13 Recent Echinoderms from Hispaniola 433
Clark HL (1941) Reports on the scientific results of the ‘‘Altantis’’ expedition to the West Indies,under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. Theechinoderms (other than holothurian). Mem Soc Cubana Hist Nat ‘‘Felipe Poey’’ 15:1–154
Clark AM (1987) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 5: Echinasteridae. Bull Brit Mus (NatHist) Zool 53:65–78
Creary M, Alcolado P, Coelho V, Crabbe J, Green S, Geraldes F, Henry A, Hibbert M, Jones R,Jones-Smith L, Manfrino C, McCoy SMC, Wiener J (2008) Status of coral reefs in theNorthern Caribbean and Western Atlantic GCRMN Node in 2008. In: Wilkinson C (ed) Statusof coral reefs of the world: 2008. Australian Institute for Marine Science, Townsville,pp 239–252
CURPOB (2000) Cornell Undergraduate Research Program Biodiversisty CURPOB. CornellBiodiversity Laboratory at Punta Cana. Final Report for June 9 to August 11
Deichmann E (1930) The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic ocean. Bull Mus CompZool Harvard Coll 71:43–226
Deichmann E (1963) Shallow water holothurians known from the Caribbean waters. Stud FaunaCuracao Carib Isl 14:1–100
Dodërlein L, Hartmeyer R (1910) Westindische Seeigel und Seesterne. Zool Jahrbucher11:145–156
Downey ME (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smith Contrib Zool126:1–158
Downey ME (1986) Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), withdescription of a new genus and Family. Smith Contr Zool 435:1–57
Ehrlich MC, Adrien N, Lebeaue F, Lewis L, Lauwereysen H, Lowenthal I, Mayda Y, Paryski P,Smucker G, Talbot J, Wilcox E (1987) Haiti country environmental profile: a field study.USAID Haiti, Port-au-Prince
FLMNH (2010) Florida museum of natural history. Invertebrate zoology master database,Echinodermata. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/scripts/dbs/malacol_pub.asp
FoProBIM (1985) Reef check training and coral reef monitoring in Haiti: a preliminary report.Caribbean Coastal Data Centre, Centre for Marine Sciences, University of West Indies,Foundation pour la Protection de la Biodiversite Marine, Port-au-Prince
González Z, Gutiérrez W, Rivas V, Bonnelly I (1978) Informe preliminar sobre la laguna costerade Puerto Viejo, Azua en la República Dominicana. In: Conservación y Ecodesarrollo. Centrode Investigaciones de Biología Marina (CIBIMA). Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo,pp 53–93
Halpern JA (1969) Biological investigations of the deep sea. 46. The genus Litonotaster(Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Proc Biol Soc Wash 82:129–142
Halpern JA (1970) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) of the straits of Florida. Bull MarSci 20:193–286
Hay ME (1984) Patterns of fish and urchin grazing on Caribbean coral reefs: are previous resultstypical? Ecol 65:446–454
Hendler G, Miller JE, Pawson DL, Kier PM (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies:Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smith Inst Press, Washington DC
Herrera-Moreno A, Betancourt L (2004) Especies de equinodermos recientes (Echinodermata:Crinoidea: Asteroidea:Ophiuroidea:Echinoidea y Holothuroidea) conocidas para la Hispani-ola. Rev Cien Soc 29:506–533
Herrera-Moreno A, Betancourt L (2009) Impacto de la contaminación sobre los arrecifescoralinos entre Playa Dorada y Cafemba, Puerto Plata. Report from Proyecto EcoMar:Impactos a los arrecifes dominicanos. http://programaecomar.com/Arrecifes_Cafemba.pdf
Herrera-Moreno A, Betancourt L (2012) Hispabiota Marina project, the first inventory of the marinebiota from Hispaniola Island. http://programaecomar.com/HISPABIOTAMARINA.htm
Herrera-Moreno A, Betancourt L, Alcolado P (2009) Impacto de la contaminación sobre losarrecifes coralinos al Oeste del Río Haina, San Cristóbal. Report from Proyecto EcoMar:Impactos a los arrecifes dominicanos. http://programaecomar.com/Arrecifes_Haina.pdf
434 A. Herrera-Moreno and L. Betancourt
Linton D (2003) Reef check training and coral reef monitoring in Haiti. A preliminary report,Centre for Marine Sciences, UWI
Luczkovich JJ (1991) Marine ecology of the Buen Hombre coast. In: Stoffle RW, Halmo DB (ed)Satellite monitoring of coastal marine ecosystems: a case from the Dominican Republic. EastCarolina University, pp 93–141
MCZ (2010) Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, MCZ Marine InvertebrateCollections. http://collections.mcz.harvard.edu/MarineInvert/MarineInvertSearch.html
Meyer DL, Messing CG, Macurda DB Jr (1978) Zoogeography of tropical western AtlanticCrinoidea (Echinodermata). Bull Mar Sci 28:412–441
Miller MW (2003) Status of reef resources of Navassa Island: cruise report Nov. 2002. NOAATechnical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-501
Miller JE, Pawson DL (1984) Holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of theHourglass Cruises 6. Florida Dept. Nat. Res. FL, USA, VII, Part 1:1–79
MNHNSD (2008) Catálogo de equinodermos. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de SantoDomingo, Santo Domingo
NMNH (2002) Master list: Echinoderms Dominican Republic & Haiti. United States NationalMuseum, Washington DC
Parslow RE, Clark AM (1963) Ophiuroidea of the lesser Antilles. Stud Fauna Curaçao CarribbeanIsl 15:24–50
Rathbun R (1886) Catalogue of the collection of recent Echini in the United States NationalMuseum (corrected to july 1, 1886). Proc US Nat Mus 9:225–293
Rathe L (1978) Distribución geográfica de las estrellas frágiles (Subclase Ophiuroidea) deRepública Dominicana. Trabajo del Curso Métodos de investigación biológica, Centro deInvestigaciones de Biología Marina (CIBIMA), Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo
Rivas V (1983) Lista de equinodermos recolectados por el Departamento de Pesca del IDECOOP.Contr Centro de Invest Biol Mar 5:107–111
Sang L (1996) Estudio de los arrecifes de coral de la costa Norte de la Península de Samaná.Proyecto inventario de la biodiversidad y caracterización de las comunidades del entorno de laPenínsula y Bahía de Samaná, Centro para la conservación y Ecodesarrollo de la Bahía deSamaná y su Entorno (CEBSE), Santo Domingo
Sang L, Lysenko N (1994) Praderas marinas. In: Caracterización de ecosistemas costeros ymarinos en la Bahía de Samaná. Centro para la Conservación y Ecodesarrollo de la Bahía deSamaná y su Entorno (CEBSE), Santo Domingo, pp 47–72
Selenka E (1867) Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeischr Wiss Zool17:291–375
SERCM (2004) Los Recursos Marinos de la República Dominicana. Subsecretaría de Estado deRecursos Costeros y Marinos/Secretaría de Estado de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales,SERCM/SEMARN, Ed Búho, Santo Domingo
Staiger JC, Voss GL (1970) Narrative of R/V John Elliot pillsbury cruise P-7006 to Hispaniolaand Jamaica. Rosentiel school of marine and atmospheric science. University of Miami,Miami
Tewfik A, Rasmussen JB, Mccann KS (2005) Anthropogenic enrichment alters a marine benthicfood web. Ecology 86:2726–2736
Toral-GrandaV (2008) Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Latin Americaand the Caribbean. In: Toral-Granda V, Lovatelli A, Vasconcellos M (eds) Sea cucumbers.A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No.516. Rome, pp 213–229
Vega M, Chiaponne M, Delgado GA, Wright R, Sullivan KM (1997) Evaluación ecológicaintegral Parque Nacional del Este, República Dominicana. Media Publishing Limited,Bahamas
Verrill AE (1915) Reports on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida and Brazil. Bull Lab HistState Univ Iowa 7:1–232
Weil E (2006) Coral, Octocoral and sponge diversity on reefs of the Jaragua National Park,Dominican Republic. Rev Biol Trop 54:423–443
13 Recent Echinoderms from Hispaniola 435
Wilcox E, Deyo T, Gardella A, García R, Glick D, Goneaga C, Medina A, Vicente V (1989)Proposed Les Arcadins National Marine Park resource document. World Wildlife Fund andConservation Foundation Wilcox Associates
Williams EH, Clavijo I, Kimmel JJ, Colin PL, Díaz C, Bardales AT, Armstrong RA, Bunkley L,Boulon RH, García JR (1983) A checklist of marine plants and animals of the south coast ofthe Dominican Republic. Carib J Sci 19:39–54
Woodley J, Alcolado P, Austin T, Barnes J, Claro-Madruga R, Ebanks-Petrie G, Estrada R,Geraldes F, Glasspool A, Homer F, Luckhurst B, Phillips E, Shim D, Smith R, Sullivan K,Vega M, Ward J, Wiener J (2000) Status of coral reefs in the Northern Caribbean and WesternAtlantic. In: Wilkinson C (ed) Status of coral reefs of the world: 2000. Australian Institute forMarine Science, Townsville, pp 261–285
ZMB (2010) Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin. Taxonomy and specimen data. http://sesam.gbif-evt3.senckenberg.de/page/index.htm
436 A. Herrera-Moreno and L. Betancourt
Appendix
Solís-Marín FA, JJ Alvarado, M Abreu-Pérez, O Aguilera, J Alió, JJ Bacallado-Aránega, E Barraza, M Benavides-Serrato, F Benítez-Villalobos, L Betancourt-Fernández, M Borges, M Brandt, MI Brogger, GH Borrero-Pérez, BE Buitrón-Sánchez, LS Campos, J Cantera, S Clemente, M Cohen-Renjifo, S Coppard,LV Costa-Lotufo, R del Valle-García, Y Díaz, ME Díaz de Vivar, JP Díaz-Martínez, A Durán-González, L Epherra, M Escolar, V Francisco, CA Freire,JE García-Arrarás, DG Gil, P Guarderas, VF Hadel, A Hearn, JC Hernández,EA Hernández-Delgado, A Herrera-Moreno, MD Herrero-Pérezrul, Y Hooker,MBI Honey-Escandón, C Lodeiros, M Luzuriaga, CLC Manso, A Martín,MI Martinez, S Martínez, L Moro-Abad, E Mutschke, JC Navarro, R Neira,N Noriega, JS Palleiro-Nayar, AF Pérez, A Pérez-Ruzafa, E Prieto-Rios, J Reyes,R Rodríguez, T Rubilar, T Sancho-Mejía, C Sangil, JRMC Silva,JI Sonnenholzner, CR Ventura, A Tablado, Y Tavares, CG Tiago, F Tuya,SM Williams
J. J. Alvarado and F. A. Solís-Marín (eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversityin Latin America, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20051-9,� Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
543
Tab
leA
.1T
axon
omic
list
ofth
eE
chin
oder
ms
ofth
eP
acifi
cco
ast
ofL
atin
Am
eric
aD
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Cla
ssC
rino
idea
Ord
erC
omat
ulid
aSu
perf
amily
Ant
edon
acea
Fam
ilyA
nted
onid
aeA
nted
onbi
fida
(Pen
nant
,17
77)
xA
ntho
met
raad
rian
i(B
ell,
1908
)70
–167
4x
Eum
orph
omet
rafr
aser
iJo
hn,
1938
410–
687
xF
ario
met
rapa
rvul
a(H
artl
aub,
1895
)rb
xx
Flo
rom
etra
mag
ella
nica
(Bel
l,18
82)
20–1
017
rb,s
bx
xx
Flo
rom
etra
maw
soni
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1913
38–7
70x
Flo
rom
etra
parv
ula
(Har
tlau
b,18
95)
589–
1969
rbx
Flo
rom
etra
serr
atis
sim
a(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
07)
12–3
234
rbx
x
Flo
rom
etra
tann
eri(
Har
tlau
b,18
95)
104–
207
rbx
xIs
omet
raho
rdea
John
,19
3817
–490
xIs
omet
ragr
amin
eaJo
hn,
1938
xIs
omet
ravi
vipa
raM
orte
nsen
,19
1779
–845
xP
rom
acho
crin
uske
rgue
lens
isC
arpe
nter
,18
8020
–210
0x
Sola
nom
etra
anta
rcti
ca(C
arpe
nter
,18
88)
287–
1759
x
Fam
ilyZ
enom
etri
dae
Psa
thyr
omet
rabi
grad
ata
(Har
tlau
b,18
95)
741–
823
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
544 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Supe
rfam
ilyN
otoc
rina
cea
Fam
ilyN
otoc
rini
dae
Not
ocri
nus
viri
lis
Mor
tens
en,1
917
xN
otoc
rinu
sm
orte
nsen
iJo
hn,
1938
xSu
perf
amily
Tro
piom
etra
cea
Fam
ilyT
hala
ssom
etri
dae
Tha
lass
omet
raag
assi
zii
(Har
tlau
b,18
95)
596–
1429
rbx
xx
Ord
erH
yocr
inid
aF
amily
Hyo
crin
idae
Cal
amoc
rinu
sdi
omed
aeA
.A
gass
iz,
1890
717–
1431
xx
Hyo
crin
usfo
elli
(Rou
x&
Paw
son,
1999
)30
30rb
xx
Pti
locr
inus
anta
rcti
cus
(Bat
her,
1908
)45
0–50
0rb
x
Cla
ssA
ster
oide
aO
rder
Pax
illos
ida
Fam
ilyA
stro
pect
inid
aeA
stro
pect
enar
mat
usG
ray,
1840
0–16
0m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Ast
rope
cten
arm
atus
erin
aceu
sG
ray,
1840
11–6
0rb
,sb
x
Ast
rope
cten
bent
hoph
ilus
Lud
wig
,19
0514
08x
Ast
rope
cten
bras
ilie
nsis
peru
vian
usV
erri
ll,
1870
6–99
mb,
sbx
x
Ast
rope
cten
exig
uus
Lud
wig
1905
232–
2136
xx
Ast
rope
cten
frag
ilis
Ver
rill
,18
701–
5sb
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 545
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Ast
rope
cten
rega
lis
Gra
y,18
400–
204
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xA
stro
pect
ensu
lcat
usL
udw
ig,
1905
95–1
21x
xx
Ast
rope
cten
verr
illi
deL
orio
l,18
992–
488
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
x
Ast
rope
cten
orna
tiss
imus
Fis
her,
1906
278–
286
rb,s
bx
Bat
hybi
aste
rlo
ripe
sS
lade
n,18
8980
–500
sbx
Dip
saca
ster
exim
ius
Fis
her,
1905
377–
971
mb,
sbx
xD
ytas
ter
gilb
erti
Fis
her,
1905
1573
–433
5m
b,sb
xx
xx
xL
epty
chas
ter
iner
mis
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
732–
1593
xx
xx
Mim
astr
ella
cogn
ata
(Sla
den,
1889
)10
–242
4m
b,rb
x
Psi
last
erch
arco
ti(K
oehl
er,
1906
)20
–324
8sb
xP
sila
ster
pect
inat
us(F
ishe
r,19
05)
1866
xP
sila
ster
slad
eni
Lud
wig
,19
0514
85–1
618
xP
erse
phon
aste
rar
mig
erL
udw
ig,
1905
x
Tet
hyas
ter
cana
licu
latu
s(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
16)
23–3
00rb
xx
xx
Thr
issa
cant
hias
peni
cill
atus
(Fis
her,
1905
)55
–150
3sb
xx
Fam
ilyG
onio
pect
inid
aeC
teno
disc
uspr
ocur
ator
Sla
den,
1889
50–1
050
mb
x
Cte
nodi
scus
cris
patu
s(R
etzi
us,
1805
)10
–194
6m
bx
xx
Lui
dia
(Pla
tast
eria
s)la
tira
diat
a(G
ray,
1871
)10
–12
mb,
sbx
(con
tinu
ed)
546 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Lui
dia
arm
ata
Lud
wig
,19
0533
–126
sbx
xx
Lui
dia
asth
enos
oma
Fis
her,
1906
xL
uidi
abe
llon
aeL
ütke
n,18
654–
55rb
,sb
xx
xL
uidi
aco
lum
bia
(Gra
y,18
40)
0–22
0m
b,sb
xx
xx
Lui
dia
ferr
ugin
eaL
udw
ig,
1905
280
mb
xx
Lui
dia
foli
olat
a(G
rube
,18
66)
3–55
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
Lui
dia
lati
radi
ata
(Gra
y,18
71)
1.5–
12m
b,sb
xx
xx
xL
uidi
am
agel
lani
caL
eipo
ldt,
1895
0–40
rb,s
bx
x
Lui
dia
phra
gma
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1910
1–38
6sb
xx
x
Lui
dia
port
eri
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1917
110
xL
uidi
asu
perb
aA
.H.C
lark
,191
73–
250
mb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
xx
xL
uidi
ate
ssel
lata
Lüt
ken,
1859
18sb
xx
xx
Fam
ilyP
orce
llana
ster
idae
Ere
mic
aste
rcr
assu
s(S
lade
n,18
83)
1570
–633
0rb
xx
xx
xx
Ere
mic
aste
rpa
cific
us(L
udw
ig,
1905
)14
63–5
780
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
Ere
mic
aste
rvi
cinu
sL
udw
ig,
1907
5204
–720
0m
bx
Por
cell
anas
ter
ceru
leus
Wyv
ille
-T
hom
son,
1877
1158
–603
5m
bx
xx
Styr
acas
ter
pauc
ispi
nus
Lud
wig
,19
0742
40–4
337
mb
x
Tho
raca
ster
cyli
ndra
tus
Sla
den,
1883
2600
–530
3m
bx
x
Fam
ilyP
seud
arch
aste
rida
eP
seud
arch
aste
rdi
scus
Sla
den,
1889
117–
400
mb,
rb,s
bx
Pse
udar
chas
ter
pect
inif
erL
udw
ig,
1905
1180
–357
5sb
,rub
,mb
xx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 547
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Pse
udar
chas
ter
pulc
her
Lud
wig
,19
0570
0–16
20sb
,rub
xx
Pse
udar
chas
ter
pusi
llus
Fis
her,
1905
98–8
00sb
,rub
x
Pse
udar
chas
ter
verr
illi
Lud
wig
,19
0599
9x
Ord
erN
otom
yoti
daF
amily
Ben
thop
ecti
nida
eB
enth
opec
ten
acan
thon
otus
Fis
her,
1905
1800
–193
6rb
x
Ben
thop
ecte
nco
gnat
us(L
udw
ig,
1905
)30
58x
Ben
thop
ecte
npe
ctin
ifer
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
1485
–232
3rb
xx
x
Ben
thop
ecte
nsp
inul
iger
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
1618
–232
3x
x
Cal
yptr
aste
rte
nuis
sim
usB
erna
scon
i,19
660–
732
sbx
Che
iras
ter
(Lui
dias
ter)
plan
eta
(Sla
den,
1889
)35
0–50
0sb
x
Che
iras
ter
(Lui
dias
ter)
cali
forn
icus
Zie
senh
enne
,19
4248
8–51
2m
bx
Nea
rcha
ster
acic
ulos
us(F
ishe
r,19
10)
466–
1903
mb,
sbx
x
Pec
tina
ster
agas
sizi
Lud
wig
,19
0579
0–23
23m
b,rb
xx
xx
xx
Ord
erV
alva
tida
Fam
ilyA
cant
hast
erid
aeA
cant
hast
erpl
anci
(Lin
naeu
s,17
58)
0–30
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
xx
xF
amily
Ast
erin
idae
Ast
erin
afim
bria
taP
erri
er,
1875
0–30
0m
b,rb
xM
erid
iast
ram
odes
ta(V
erri
ll,
1870
)21
3rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
Pat
iria
chil
ensi
s(L
ütke
n,18
59)
2–40
rb,k
fx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
548 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Pat
iria
min
iata
Ver
rill
,19
130–
300
cr,r
bx
xP
atir
iell
aca
lcar
ata
(Per
rier
,18
75)
0–20
rbx
x
Pat
irie
lla
exig
ua(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
3x
Fam
ilyA
ster
odis
cidi
dae
Am
phia
ster
insi
gnis
Ver
rill
,18
680–
128
cr,m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
Pau
lia
horr
ida
Gra
y,18
4033
–121
rbx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyA
ster
opse
idae
Ast
erop
sis
cari
nife
ra(L
amar
ck,
1816
)3–
60cr
,rb
xx
xx
xx
Der
mas
teri
asim
bric
ata
(Gru
be,
1857
)2–
260
rbx
Fam
ilyG
aner
iidae
Cyc
ethr
ave
rruc
osa
(Phi
lipp
i,18
57)
0–27
0rb
,sb
xx
Gan
eria
falk
land
ica
Gra
y,18
470–
145
rb,s
bx
Gan
eria
hahn
iP
erri
er,
1891
0–13
5rb
,sb
xF
amily
Gon
iast
erid
aeC
eram
aste
rgr
enad
ensi
spa
tago
nicu
s(S
lade
n,18
89)
75–8
98x
x
Cer
amas
ter
pata
goni
cus
(Sla
den,
1889
)10
–898
rb,m
b,sb
xx
x
Cer
amas
ter
lept
ocer
amus
(Fis
her,
1905
)38
2–12
48m
b,rb
xx
Cry
ptop
elta
ster
lepi
dono
tus
Fis
her,
1905
188–
1244
sbx
x
Hip
past
eria
phry
gian
a(P
arel
ius,
1768
)0–
400
rbx
Hip
past
eria
falk
land
ica
Fis
her,
1940
225–
1148
rbx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 549
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Hip
past
eria
spin
osa
Ver
rill
,19
0950
–512
rbx
Lit
onot
aste
rtu
mid
usH
.L
.C
lark
,19
2040
66–5
196
mb
x
Med
iast
erel
egan
sL
udw
ig,
1905
1789
xx
xM
edia
ster
tran
sfug
aL
udw
ig,
1905
840–
900
sbx
xM
edia
ster
tene
llus
Fis
her,
1905
580–
1192
sbx
Nym
phas
ter
diom
edea
eL
udw
ig,
1905
702–
1810
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
Pil
lsbu
rias
ter
erne
sti
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
2149
x
Fam
ilyM
ithr
odiid
aeM
ithr
odia
brad
leyi
Ver
rill
,18
700–
14cr
,rb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyO
dont
aste
rida
eA
codo
ntas
ter
elon
gatu
sel
onga
tus
(Sla
den,
1889
)8–
400
rb,s
bx
Aco
dont
aste
rel
onga
tus
gran
ulif
erus
(Koe
hler
,19
12)
74–8
41rb
,sb
x
Dip
lodo
ntia
ssi
ngul
aris
(Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1843
)0–
84rb
,sb
xx
Odo
ntas
ter
mer
idio
nali
s(E
.A.
Sm
ith,
1876
)0–
646
rb,s
bx
Odo
ntas
ter
peni
cill
atus
(Phi
lipp
i,18
70)
6–40
0rb
,sb
x
Fam
ilyO
phid
iast
erid
aeL
eias
ter
cori
aceu
sP
eter
s,18
52x
Lei
aste
rgl
aber
Pet
ers,
1852
2–15
crx
Lei
aste
rte
res
(Ver
rill
,18
71)
1–57
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
Lin
ckia
colu
mbi
aeG
ray,
1840
0–10
0cr
,rb
xx
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
550 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Lin
ckia
guil
ding
iG
ray,
1840
rbx
xx
Lin
ckia
mul
tifo
ra(L
amar
ck,
1816
)x
Nar
ciss
iagr
acil
isA
.H.
Cla
rk,
1916
56–9
1rb
xx
x
Nar
ciss
iagr
acil
ism
alpe
loen
sis
Dow
ney,
1975
20–5
9cr
,rb
xx
Oph
idia
ster
agas
sizi
Per
rier
,18
811–
75rb
x
Oph
idia
ster
ludw
igi
deL
orio
l,19
00x
x
Pha
ria
pyra
mid
ata
(Gra
y,18
40)
0–13
0cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xP
hata
ria
mio
nact
isZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1942
x
Pha
tari
aun
ifas
cial
is(G
ray,
1840
)0–
50cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Tam
aria
obst
ipa
Zie
senh
enne
,19
4267
–79
xx
Tam
aria
stri
aD
owne
y,19
7515
–49
rbx
xF
amily
Por
aniid
aeP
oran
ia(P
oran
ia)
anta
rcti
caE
.A.
Sm
ith,
1876
0–90
0m
b,rb
,sb
x
Por
anio
psis
echi
nast
erP
erri
er,
1891
5–45
0m
b,rb
,sb
x
Por
anio
psis
infla
tus
(Fis
her,
1906
)48
–109
4x
x
Fam
ilyO
reas
teri
dae
Nid
orel
lia
arm
ata
(Gra
y,18
40)
0–18
3cr
,rb,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xP
enta
cera
ster
cum
ingi
(Gra
y,18
40)
2–92
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilySo
last
erid
aeL
opha
ster
furc
illi
ger
Fis
her,
1905
86–4
200
mb,
rb,r
ubx
xx
xL
opha
ster
stel
lans
Sla
den,
1889
15–4
50rb
,sb
x (con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 551
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Par
alop
hast
eran
tarc
ticu
sK
oehl
er,
1912
88–7
50sb
x
Sola
ster
regu
lari
sS
lade
n,18
895–
800
rb,s
b,m
bx
Ord
erV
elat
ida
Fam
ilyK
oret
hras
teri
dae
Per
ibol
aste
rfo
llic
ulat
usS
lade
n,18
8910
–460
rbx
Fam
ilyP
tera
ster
idae
Dip
lopt
eras
ter
sem
iret
icul
atus
(Sla
den,
1882
)30
0–15
00rb
,sb
x
Dip
lopt
eras
ter
verr
ucos
us(S
lade
n,18
82)
0–47
0sb
x
Pte
rast
ercf
.di
apha
nus
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
1410
xx
Pte
rast
ergi
bber
(Sla
den,
1882
)7–
460
rbx
Pte
rast
eraf
finis
Sm
ith,
1876
80–1
30rb
xP
tera
ster
affin
isle
brun
iPer
rier
,189
174
–341
sbx
Hym
enas
ter
crem
node
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
2043
35m
bx
Hym
enas
ter
grac
ilis
Lud
wig
,19
0524
18–
3241
xx
xx
Hym
enas
ter
pell
ucid
usT
hom
son,
1873
13–3
240
mb
x
Hym
enas
ter
plat
yaca
nthu
sL
udw
ig,
1905
2487
–28
77x
xx
Hym
enas
ter
quad
risp
inos
usF
ishe
r,19
0577
8–32
40m
bx
xx
Hym
enas
ter
tria
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
2052
03m
bx
Hym
enas
ter
viol
aceu
sL
udw
ig,
1905
x
(con
tinu
ed)
552 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Ord
erSp
inul
osid
aF
amily
Ech
inas
teri
dae
Ech
inas
ter
(Ech
inas
ter)
parv
ispi
nus
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1916
18–2
8rb
x
Ech
inas
ter
(Oth
ilia
)ac
ulea
ta(G
ray,
1840
)3–
24sb
xx
Ech
inas
ter
(Oth
ilia
)sp
inul
osus
Ver
rill
,18
691–
55cr
,mb,
rbx
Ech
inas
ter
(Oth
ilia
)te
nuis
pinu
sV
erri
ll,
1871
0–18
rbx
Ech
inas
ter
crib
ella
Lüt
ken,
1871
x
Ech
inas
ter
cyli
ndri
cus
Mei
ssne
r,18
92x
Ech
inas
ter
pana
men
sis
Lei
pold
t,18
95x
Hen
rici
aas
pera
Fis
her,
1906
487–
570
rbx
Hen
rici
aas
then
acti
sF
ishe
r,19
1091
–125
0rb
x
Hen
rici
acl
arki
Fis
her,
1910
226–
2001
rbx
x
Hen
rici
agr
acil
is(L
udw
ing,
1905
)26
7–12
44rb
x
Hen
rici
ale
vius
cula
(Sti
mps
on,
1857
)0–
228
rbx
Hen
rici
ana
na(L
udw
ig,
1905
)57
–200
rbx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 553
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Hen
rici
aob
esa
(Sla
den,
1889
)22
–940
rbx
xx
Hen
rici
ase
min
udus
(A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1916
)66
6rb
xx
Hen
rici
ast
uder
iP
erri
er,
1891
0–43
0rb
,sb,
rub
xx
Ord
erF
orci
pula
tida
Fam
ilyA
ster
iidae
Ana
ster
ias
anta
rcti
ca(L
ütke
n,18
57)
0–35
0rb
x
Ana
ster
ias
pedi
cell
aris
(Köe
hler
,19
23)
0–12
0sb
x
Ana
ster
ias
spir
abil
is(B
ell,
1881
)34
–54
x
Ana
ster
ias
vari
um(P
hili
ppi,
1870
)0–
350
rbx
Ast
rom
etis
sert
ulif
era
(Xan
tus,
1860
)11
–156
cr,r
bx
xx
Ast
rost
ole
plat
ei(M
eiss
ner,
1896
)0–
20rb
x
Ast
rost
ole
pasc
hae
(H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1920
)rb
x
Cor
onas
ter
mar
chen
usZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1942
52–8
4cr
,rb,
rub
xx
xx
Cos
mas
teri
aslu
rida
(Phi
lipp
i,18
58)
0–65
0m
b,rb
,sb
x
Dip
last
eria
sbr
andt
i(B
ell,
1881
)0–
500
mb,
rb,s
bx
Dis
tola
ster
ias
robu
sta
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
3334
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
554 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Eva
ster
ias
tros
chel
i(S
tim
pson
,18
62)
x
Lep
tast
eria
spu
sill
aF
ishe
r,19
3037
rbx
Mey
enas
ter
gela
tino
sus
(Mey
en,
1834
)0–
22rb
xx
x
Pis
aste
rbr
evis
pinu
s(S
tim
pson
,18
57)
0–10
2rb
x
Pis
aste
rgi
gant
eus
(Sti
mps
on,
1857
)0–
374
rbx
Pis
aste
roc
hrac
eus
(Bra
ndt,
1835
)0–
8rb
xx
Rat
hbun
aste
rca
lifo
rnic
usF
ishe
r,19
06rb
x
Scle
rast
eria
sal
exan
dri
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
61–3
84x
xx
xx
Scle
rast
eria
she
tero
paes
Fis
her,
1924
18–4
57rb
xx
Fam
ilyC
osci
nast
erid
aeP
sali
dast
erm
orda
xF
ishe
r,19
4080
–600
sbx
Fam
ilyH
elia
ster
idae
Hel
iast
erca
nopu
sP
erri
er,
1875
inte
rtid
alrb
x
Hel
iast
ercu
min
gii
(Gra
y,18
40)
0–14
rbx
Hel
iast
erhe
lian
thus
(Lam
arck
,18
16)
0–20
rb,s
bx
xx
Hel
iast
erku
bini
jiX
antu
s,18
600–
20rb
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 555
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Hel
iast
erm
icro
brac
hius
Xan
thus
,18
600–
20rb
xx
x
Hel
iast
erpo
lybr
achi
usH
.L
.C
lark
,19
070–
20rb
xx
x
Hel
iast
erso
lari
sA
.H
.C
lark
,19
20rb
x
Lab
idia
ster
radi
osus
Lüt
ken,
1871
5–45
0rb
x
Fam
ilyP
edic
ella
ster
idae
Am
pher
aste
rhy
pero
nchu
s(H
.L
.C
lark
,19
13)
0–52
0rb
,rub
xx
Hyd
rast
eria
sim
prov
isus
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
1618
–24
18x
Tar
sast
erco
cosa
nus
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
245
xx
Tar
sast
erga
lapa
gens
is(L
udw
ig,
1905
)70
4x
Fam
ilyP
ycno
podi
idae
Pyc
nopo
dia
heli
anth
oide
s(B
rand
t,18
35)
0–45
5rb
x
Fam
ilySt
icha
ster
idae
All
osti
chas
ter
cape
nsis
(Per
rier
,18
75)
0–10
0rb
x
Stic
hast
erst
riat
usM
ülle
r&
Tro
sche
l,18
400–
80rb
,sb,
kfx
x
Fam
ilyZ
oroa
ster
idae
(con
tinu
ed)
556 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Cne
mid
aste
rnu
dus
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
1366
–26
00m
b,rb
xx
Cne
mid
aste
rw
yvil
lii
Sla
den,
1889
x
Myx
oder
ma
long
ispi
num
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
980–
2418
mb,
rbx
xx
x
Myx
oder
ma
plat
yaca
nthu
m(H
.L
.C
lark
,19
13)
395–
650
mb,
rbx
Myx
oder
ma
qaw
ashq
ari
(Moy
ana
&L
arra
in,
1976
)
0–72
3sb
xx
Myx
oder
ma
sacc
ulat
um(F
ishe
r,19
05)
1000
–15
46m
b,rb
x
Zor
oast
erm
agni
ficus
Lud
wig
,19
0530
56–
3667
mb,
sbx
xx
Zor
oast
erop
hiur
usF
ishe
r,19
0569
5–22
26m
b,sb
x
Ord
erB
risi
ngid
aF
amily
Bri
sing
idae
Ast
roli
rus
pana
men
sis
(Lud
wig
,19
05)
48–2
418
xx
xx
x
Hym
enod
iscu
sm
onac
anth
aH
.L
.C
lark
,19
20
4064
mb
x
Hym
enod
iscu
ste
nell
a(L
udw
ig,
1905
)24
18x
Fam
ilyF
reye
llida
eF
reya
ster
abe
ntho
phil
a(S
lade
n,18
89)
4064
–46
67m
bx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 557
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Fre
yell
ain
sign
isL
udw
ig,
1905
3182
–32
79x
xx
x
Fre
yell
apa
cific
aL
udw
ig,
1905
x
Fre
yell
apr
opin
qua
Lud
wig
,19
05x
Fre
yell
aste
rsc
alar
is(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
16)
x
Cla
ssO
phiu
roid
eaO
rder
Eur
yalid
aF
amily
Ast
eron
ychi
dae
Ast
eron
yxex
cava
taL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
266–
1236
sbx
Ast
eron
yxlo
veni
Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1842
152–
2663
cr,m
b,sb
xx
x
Ast
eron
yxlo
ngifi
ssus
Doe
derl
ein,
1927
266–
1800
x
Ast
rodi
apl
ana
(Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99)
717–
3058
xx
xx
Fam
ilyA
ster
osch
emat
idae
Ast
eros
chem
aru
brum
(Lym
an,
1882
)35
0–73
1x
Ast
eros
chem
asu
blae
veL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
1271
xx
Fam
ilyG
orgo
noce
phal
idae
(con
tinu
ed)
558 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Ast
roca
neum
spin
osum
(Lym
an,
1875
)4–
183
cr,m
b,sb
,rb
xx
xx
Ast
rode
ndru
mga
lapa
gens
isA
.H
.C
lark
,19
16
717
x
Ast
rodi
ctyu
mpa
nam
ense
(Ver
rill
,18
67)
2355
9cr
,sb
xx
xx
xx
Ast
roto
ma
agas
sizi
iL
yman
,18
752–
1180
rbx
Gor
gono
ceph
alus
chil
ensi
s(P
hili
ppi,
1858
)4–
900
rbx
Gor
gono
ceph
alus
diom
edea
eL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
1271
x
Ord
erO
phiu
rida
Fam
ilyO
phio
myx
idae
Oph
iom
yxa
pana
men
sis
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
60–2
93rb
,sb
xx
xx
Oph
iom
yxa
vivi
para
Stu
der,
1876
15–3
99rb
x
Oph
ioly
cus
nutr
ix(M
orte
nsen
,19
36)
70–4
538
sbx
Fam
ilyA
mph
iuri
dae
Am
phil
epis
nuda
Tom
mas
i,19
76x
Am
phil
epis
pate
nsL
yman
,18
7938
4–40
87m
bx
xx
Fam
ilyA
mph
iuri
dae
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 559
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Am
phic
ontu
sm
inut
usH
ill,
1940
9–22
xx
Am
phic
hond
rius
gran
ulat
us(L
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
)
280–
384
mb,
sbx
xx
Am
phic
hond
rius
laev
isZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1940
4–15
cr,
rbx
x
Am
phio
dia
assi
mil
is(L
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
)
3334
xx
x
Am
phio
dia
gris
ea(L
jung
man
,18
67)
54x
xx
Am
phio
dia
occi
dent
alis
(Lym
an,
1860
)0–
367
mb,
sbx
x
Am
phio
dia
oers
tedi
(Lüt
ken,
1856
)0.
2–1
mb,
rbx
xx
x
Am
phio
dia
plat
yspi
naN
iels
en,
1932
350
rbx
x
Am
phio
dia
scul
ptil
isZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1940
4–15
rbx
x
Am
phio
dia
tabo
gae
Nie
lsen
,19
320–
364
rbx
xx
xx
Am
phio
dia
urti
ca(L
yman
,18
60)
9–80
rb,s
bx
x
Am
phio
dia
viol
acea
(Lüt
ken,
1856
)x
xx
Am
phio
dia
vici
naH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4064
mb
x
Am
phip
holi
sel
evat
aN
iels
en,
1932
0–73
sbx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
560 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Am
phip
holi
sgr
anul
ata
(Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99)
280–
384
x
Am
phip
holi
sla
evid
isca
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1909
xx
Am
phip
holi
spu
geta
na(L
yman
,18
60)
4–16
20sb
xx
x
Am
phip
holi
spu
ntar
enae
(Lüt
ken,
1856
)0–
508
mb
x
Am
phip
holi
ssq
uam
ata
(Del
leC
hiaj
e,18
28)
0–12
00cr
,m,m
b,sb
,sg,
rub,
rbx
xx
xx
x
Am
phio
plus
(Am
phio
plus
)st
rong
ylop
lax
(H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1911
)
4–14
08m
b,sb
x
Am
phio
plus
(Am
phio
plus
)co
nior
tode
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
18
1207
mb
x
Am
phio
plus
dale
us(L
yman
,18
79)
2690
–32
19rb
xx
Am
phio
plus
phil
ohel
min
thiu
sZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1940
15–7
3m
bx
Am
phio
plus
mag
ella
nica
(Mor
tens
en,
1936
)35
–174
x
Am
phio
plus
text
ilis
(Koe
hler
,19
07)
x
Am
phiu
raan
omal
aL
yman
,18
7530
0–15
00x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 561
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Am
phiu
raar
cyst
ata
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1911
6–84
9m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
Am
phiu
raeu
geni
aeL
jung
man
,18
670–
582
x
Am
phiu
ra(A
mph
iura
)di
omed
eae
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
44–3
017
sbx
xx
x
Am
phiu
ra(A
mph
iura
)m
agel
lani
caL
jung
man
,18
67
0–30
0x
Am
phiu
ra(O
phio
nem
a)he
xaca
ntha
Nie
lsen
,19
32
x
Am
phiu
raca
lbuc
aM
orte
nsen
,19
520–
300
x
Am
phiu
raca
rcha
raH
.L
.C
lark
,19
1115
87m
b,rb
,sb
x
Am
phiu
raga
stra
cant
haL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
1207
mb,
sbx
Am
phiu
ragy
mno
gast
raL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
549–
2323
xx
Am
phiu
ragy
mno
pora
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
333
x
Am
phiu
rano
taca
ntha
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
1236
mb,
sbx
Am
phiu
raot
teri
Lju
ngm
an,
1872
80rb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
562 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Am
phiu
rapo
lyac
anth
aL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
1271
xx
Am
phiu
rapa
pill
ata
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
702
x
Am
phiu
rapr
ince
psK
oehl
er,
1907
0–30
0x
Am
phiu
rase
min
uda
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
9–40
96rb
,sb
x
Am
phiu
rase
rpen
tina
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
1899
770–
1865
xx
Am
phiu
rave
rtic
illa
taL
jung
man
,18
67x
Mic
roph
ioph
olis
gem
inat
a(L
eC
onte
,18
51)
0–82
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
Mic
roph
ioph
olis
plat
ydis
ca(N
iels
en,
1932
)
0–13
7m
b,sb
xx
xx
x
Mic
roph
ioph
olis
punt
aren
ae(L
ütke
n,18
56)
xx
Oph
iocn
ida
cali
forn
ica
Zie
senh
enne
,19
406–
302
mb,
rb,s
bx
Oph
iocn
ida
hisp
ida
(Le
Con
te,
1851
)0–
794
cr,r
bx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 563
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Oph
ioph
ragm
usch
ilen
sis
(Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1843
)
0–40
rb,s
bx
x
Oph
ioph
ragm
usdi
saca
nthu
sZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1940
x
Oph
ioph
ragm
usm
argi
natu
s(L
ütke
n,18
56)
0–13
4sb
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ioph
ragm
usop
hiac
toid
esZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1940
xx
x
Oph
ioph
ragm
uspa
ucis
pinu
sN
iels
en,
1932
0–13
4x
xx
Oph
ioph
ragm
usst
ella
tus
Zie
senh
enne
,19
4018
–73
x
Oph
ioph
ragm
usta
boge
nsis
Nie
lsen
,19
320–
128
sbx
xx
xx
Oph
iost
igm
ate
nue
Lüt
ken,
1856
1–10
1rb
xx
x
Tri
plod
iaab
dita
(A.
M.
Cla
rk,
1970
)x
Fam
ilyH
emie
urya
lidae
Am
phig
ypti
spe
rple
xaN
iels
en,
1932
0–14
3m
b,rb
,sb
x
Oph
ioch
ondr
usst
elli
ger
Lym
an,
1879
73–4
39x
Sigs
beia
laev
isZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1940
55–6
4x
(con
tinu
ed)
564 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Sigs
beia
line
ata
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
9943
–183
rbx
xx
Fam
ilyO
phia
cant
hida
eSu
bfam
ilyO
phia
cant
hina
eO
phia
cant
haan
tarc
tica
Koe
hler
,19
0090
–400
4sb
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
bath
ybia
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1911
1993
rbx
Oph
iaca
ntha
cont
igua
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
1062
–16
44x
xx
Oph
iaca
ntha
cosm
ica
Lym
an,
1878
147–
4840
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
cost
ata
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
733–
1271
mb,
sbx
xx
Oph
iaca
ntha
cyre
naA
.H
.C
lark
,19
1671
7x
Oph
iaca
ntha
deru
ens
Koe
hler
,18
99x
Oph
iaca
ntha
dipl
asia
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1911
9–14
08cr
,mb,
sbx
Oph
iaca
ntha
frig
ida
Koe
hler
,19
0916
67–
3914
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
hirt
aL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
1244
–15
48m
b,sb
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
inco
nspi
cua
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
702–
1485
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 565
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Oph
iaca
ntha
mar
supi
alis
Lym
an,
1878
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
mon
ilif
orm
isL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
519–
1244
mb,
sbx
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
paci
fica
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
2877
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
pauc
ispi
naL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
2690
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
pent
acri
nus
Lüt
ken,
1869
434–
598
sbx
Oph
ioca
ntha
phra
gma
Zie
senh
enne
,19
4013
–644
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
Oph
iaca
ntha
quad
risp
ina
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1917
183–
549
rbx
Oph
iaca
ntha
rhac
hoph
ora
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1911
115–
1552
mb,
rb,s
bx
Oph
iaca
ntha
rose
aL
yman
,18
7832
–153
8rb
,sb
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
sava
gica
Tom
mas
i,19
7611
71–
1180
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
sent
osa
Lym
an,
1878
2067
–52
03m
bx
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
sim
ilis
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1916
717
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
spin
ifer
aL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
999–
1865
x
(con
tinu
ed)
566 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Oph
iaca
ntha
vivi
para
Lju
ngm
an,
1870
0–10
97rb
,kf
x
Oph
iole
bes
mor
tens
eni
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1916
717
x
Oph
iotr
eta
vale
ncie
nnes
iva
lenc
ienn
esi
(Lym
an,
1879
)
549
x
Subf
amily
Oph
iohe
linae
Oph
ioth
olia
spat
hife
r(L
yman
,18
79)
x
Subf
amily
Oph
iopl
inth
acin
aeO
phio
mit
rell
ach
ilen
sis
Mor
tens
en,
1952
25–3
00x
Oph
ioph
thal
mus
norm
ani
(Lym
an,
1879
)51
–260
0m
b,rb
,sb
xx
Oph
ioth
amnu
sdu
pla
Tom
mas
i,19
7611
71–
1180
x
Oph
iuro
tham
nus
laev
is(L
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
)
1008
x
Subf
amily
Oph
ioto
min
aeO
phio
tom
apa
ucis
pina
(Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99)
1643
–40
82m
bx
xx
x
Oph
ioli
mna
anta
rcti
ca(L
yman
,18
79)
88–2
750
x (con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 567
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Fam
ilyO
phia
ctid
aeH
emip
holi
sco
rdif
era
Bos
c,18
0218
–34
crx
x
Hem
ipho
lis
grac
ilis
Ver
rill
,18
6734
mb
xx
xx
xx
x
His
tam
pica
dupl
icat
a(L
yman
,18
75)
125–
2870
cr,m
b,rb
xx
xx
x
Oph
iact
isas
peru
la(P
hili
ppi,
1858
)0–
576
rb,k
fx
x
Oph
iact
iskr
oeye
riL
ütke
n,18
560–
60rb
,sb,
mb,
rub
xx
x
Oph
iact
issa
vign
yi(M
ülle
r&
Tro
sche
l,18
42)
0–51
8cr
,m,r
b,sg
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iact
issi
mpl
ex(L
eC
onte
,18
51)
0–30
2cr
,rb
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iact
ispl
ana
Lym
an,
1869
xx
x
Oph
iact
ispr
ofun
diL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
1008
x
Oph
ioph
olis
bake
riM
cCle
ndon
,19
099–
1006
cr,r
bx
Fam
ilyO
phio
chit
onid
aeO
phio
chit
onca
rina
tus
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
589–
1355
sb,r
ubx
x
Oph
ioch
iton
fast
igat
usL
yman
,18
7873
3x
(con
tinu
ed)
568 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Fam
ilyO
phio
com
idae
Oph
ioco
ma
aeth
iops
Lüt
ken,
1859
0–30
.5cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ioco
ma
alex
andr
iL
yman
,18
600–
70cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ioco
ma
dent
ata
Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1842
x
Oph
ioco
ma
erin
aceu
sM
ülle
r&
Tro
sche
l,18
428
x
Oph
ioco
ma
long
ispi
naH
.L
.C
lak,
1917
x
Oph
ioco
mel
lasc
hmit
tiA
.H
.C
lark
,19
395–
40cr
,rb
xx
x
Oph
ioco
mel
lase
xrad
ia(D
unca
n,18
87)
cr,r
bx
x
Oph
ioco
min
ani
gra
(Abi
ldga
ard,
inO
.F.
Mül
ler,
1789
)
236–
549
sbx
Oph
iops
ila
cali
forn
ica
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1921
33–2
01rb
x
Fam
ilyO
phio
derm
atid
aeD
iope
derm
ada
nian
um(V
erri
ll,
1867
)7–
137
cr,m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
x
Oph
iocr
ytus
gran
ulos
usN
iels
en,
1932
0–79
rb,s
gx
x
Oph
iode
rma
appr
essa
(Say
,18
25)
0–20
cr,r
bx
Oph
iode
rma
elap
sL
ütke
n,18
56x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 569
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Oph
iode
rma
pana
men
seL
ütke
n,18
590–
20cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iode
rma
pent
acan
tha
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1917
183
xx
Oph
iode
rma
tere
s(L
yman
,18
60)
0–54
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iode
rma
vans
yoci
Hen
dler
,19
9615
.2–2
7rb
x
Oph
iode
rma
vari
egat
umL
ütke
n,18
560–
110
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iode
rma
sodi
pall
ares
iC
aso,
1986
4–9
rb,s
bx
Oph
iopa
epal
edi
plax
(Nie
lsen
,19
32)
0–23
0m
b,sb
xx
x
Oph
iuro
coni
sbi
spin
osa
Zie
senh
enne
,19
374–
143
sbx
xx
Fam
ilyO
phio
nere
idid
aeO
phio
nere
isal
bom
acul
ata
E.A
.S
mit
h,18
77
73–1
55x
xx
Oph
ione
reis
annu
lata
(Le
Con
te,
1851
)0–
229
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ione
reis
dubi
a(M
ülle
r&
Tro
sche
l,18
42)
x
Oph
ione
reis
eury
brac
hipl
axH
.L
.C
lark
,19
11
mb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
570 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Oph
ione
reis
perp
lexa
Zie
senh
enne
,19
400–
73cr
,rb
xx
xx
Oph
ione
reis
porr
ecta
Lym
an,
1860
0–30
rbx
Oph
ione
reis
scha
yeri
(Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1844
)
x
Fam
ilyO
phio
tric
hida
eO
phio
thri
xga
lapa
gens
isL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
0–54
9cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
x
Oph
ioth
ela
grac
ilis
Nie
lsen
,19
327–
9cr
,rb
xx
x
Oph
ioth
ela
mir
abil
isV
erri
ll,
1867
5–20
cr,m
b,rb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ioth
rix
mag
nific
aL
yman
,18
600–
20cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
x
Oph
ioth
rix
rudi
sL
yman
,18
740–
1rb
,cr,
sbx
Oph
ioth
rix
spic
ulat
aL
eC
onte
,18
510–
2059
cr,m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyO
phiu
rida
eSu
bfam
ilyO
phio
lepi
dina
eO
phio
lepi
scr
assa
Nie
lsen
,19
326–
230
mb,
rb,s
bx
x
Oph
iole
pis
gris
eaH
.L
.C
lark
,19
407–
13m
bx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iole
pis
paci
fica
Lüt
ken,
1856
0–18
cr,r
bx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 571
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Oph
iole
pis
plat
eia
Zie
senh
enne
,19
401–
12cr
,rb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
Oph
iole
pis
vari
egat
aL
ütke
n,18
561–
110
cr,m
b,sb
xx
xx
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mgl
abru
mL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
878–
5203
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mdi
omed
eae
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
702–
1485
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mly
man
iT
hom
son,
1873
51–2
906
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mva
riab
ile
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
267–
902
mb,
rbx
x
Oph
iopl
ocus
esm
arki
Lym
an,
1874
0–74
rb,s
gx
Oph
iopl
ocus
hanc
ocki
Zie
senh
enne
,19
35x
Oph
iosp
halm
ajo
llie
nse
(McC
lend
on,
1909
)17
–123
0m
b,rb
,sb
xx
x
Oph
iozo
nell
aal
ba(L
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
)
1408
–24
87x
xx
Oph
iozo
nell
acl
ypea
ta(L
yman
,18
83)
x
Oph
iozo
nell
aco
ntig
ua(L
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
)
2417
–24
87x
x
Oph
iozo
nell
afa
lkla
ndic
aM
orte
nsen
,19
36x (con
tinu
ed)
572 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Subf
amily
Oph
iole
ucin
aeO
phie
rnus
adsp
ersu
sad
sper
sus
Lym
an,
1883
770–
1245
mb,
sbx
xx
Oph
iern
usad
sper
sus
anne
cten
sL
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
770–
1158
x
Oph
iern
uspo
lypo
rum
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
1207
–12
44x
Oph
iern
usse
min
udus
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
840–
4082
mb,
sbx
xx
Subf
amily
Oph
iuri
nae
Am
phio
phiu
raab
cisa
(Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99)
245–
3714
rb,s
bx
xx
Am
phio
phiu
rair
regu
lari
sZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1940
x
Am
phio
phiu
raob
tect
a(L
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
)
2197
xx
x
Am
phio
phiu
raol
igop
ora
(H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1913
)11
52m
bx
Am
phio
phiu
rapa
ucis
quam
aZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1940
x
Am
phio
phiu
rasu
perb
a(L
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
)
51–1
820
mb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 573
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Am
phio
phiu
rave
mae
Kyt
e,19
8737
39–
4124
x
Gym
noph
iura
conc
ava
Tom
mas
i,19
76x
Gym
noph
iura
mol
lis
Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99
2417
–24
87x
xx
Oph
ioct
enam
itin
umL
yman
,18
7829
–920
rb,s
b,kf
x
Oph
ioct
enha
stat
umL
yman
,18
7811
59–
2877
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iogo
nado
eder
lein
i(K
oehl
er,
1901
)x
Oph
iono
tus
vict
oria
eB
ell,
1902
5–75
2m
b,rb
,sb
x
Oph
iom
astu
sbu
lufo
nica
Tom
mas
i,19
7611
71–
1180
x
Oph
iom
astu
sm
olin
aeC
asti
llo-
Ala
rcon
,19
68in
tert
idal
rbx
Oph
iom
astu
stu
berc
ulat
aT
omm
asi,
1976
1171
–11
80x
Oph
iom
isid
ium
leur
umZ
iese
nhen
ne,
1940
x
Oph
iost
eira
koeh
leri
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1917
733
x
Oph
ioph
yllu
mm
argi
natu
mA
.H.C
lark
,19
16
717
x
(con
tinu
ed)
574 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Oph
iopl
inth
usdi
visa
(Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99)
2075
–24
87x
Oph
iopl
inth
usin
flata
(Koe
hler
,18
97)
1484
x
Oph
iopl
inth
usin
orna
ta(L
yman
,18
78)
1485
–24
18x
x
Oph
iopl
inth
usne
xila
(Kyt
e,19
87)
x
Oph
ioty
pasi
mpl
exK
oehl
er,
1897
3652
–38
11x
Oph
iura
(Oph
iuro
glyp
ha)
irro
rata
irro
rata
(Lym
an,
1878
)
405-
5869
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iura
flage
llat
a(L
yman
,18
78)
128–
2014
mb
xx
Oph
iura
lept
octe
nia
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1911
27–3
239
sb,r
ubx
Oph
iura
luet
keni
i(L
yman
,18
60)
0–10
97m
b,rb
,sb
xx
Oph
iura
lym
ani
(Lju
ngm
an,
1871
)30
–800
rb,s
b,kf
x
Oph
iura
nana
(Lüt
ken
&M
orte
nsen
,18
99)
1650
x
Oph
iura
plan
a(L
ütke
n&
Mor
tens
en,
1899
)20
70–
3241
xx
xx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 575
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Oph
iura
sten
obra
chia
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1917
3667
xx
The
odor
iam
adse
niT
omm
asi,
1976
x
Cla
ssE
chin
oide
aO
rder
Cid
aroi
daF
amily
Cid
arid
aeA
ustr
ocid
aris
cana
licu
lata
(A.A
gass
iz,
1863
)
1–84
5rb
,sb
x
Aus
troc
idar
issp
inul
osa
Mor
tens
en,
1910
13–6
41x
Cen
troc
idar
isdo
eder
lein
i(A
.A
gass
iz,
1898
)
87–5
50sb
xx
xx
Euc
idar
isth
ouar
sii
(Val
enci
enne
s,18
46)
0–15
0cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Euc
idar
isth
ouar
sii
gala
page
nsis
Doe
derl
ein,
1887
0–15
0rb
xx
Hes
pero
cida
ris
aste
risc
usH
.L
.C
lark
,19
48
2–18
3cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
x
Hes
pero
cida
ris
dubi
a(H
.L
.C
lark
,19
07)
55–6
00x
xx
x
Hes
pero
cida
ris
hous
toni
anus
H.
Cla
rk,
1939
45x
Hes
pero
cida
ris
pana
men
sis
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
48–2
74x
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
576 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Hes
pero
cida
ris
perp
lexa
(H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1907
)10
–150
0rb
,mb,
sbx
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilyC
teno
cida
rida
eA
poro
cida
ris
mil
leri
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
300–
3937
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyH
isto
cida
rida
eH
isto
cida
ris
cobo
si(A
.A
gass
iz,
1898
)70
2x
Ord
erE
chin
othu
rioi
daF
amily
Ech
inot
huri
idae
Ara
eoso
ma
eury
patu
mA
.A
gass
iz&
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1909
1227
x
Ara
eoso
ma
lept
aleu
mA
.A
gass
iz&
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1909
740–
1046
rbx
x
Tro
mik
osom
ahi
spid
um(A
.A
gass
iz,
1898
)18
20–
3375
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
Tro
mik
osom
apa
nam
ense
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
2054
–33
74m
b,rb
xx
xx
Fam
ilyK
ampt
osom
atid
aeK
ampt
osom
aas
teri
as(A
.A
gass
iz,
1881
)10
20–
1278
mb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 577
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Ord
erD
iade
mat
oida
Fam
ilyA
spid
odia
dem
atid
aeP
lesi
odia
dem
agl
obul
osum
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
2830
–39
00m
bx
xx
Ple
siod
iade
ma
horr
idum
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
1625
–33
81x
xx
xx
Fam
ilyD
iade
mat
idae
Ast
ropy
gapu
lvin
ata
(Lam
arck
,18
16)
0–90
cr,m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Cen
tros
teph
anus
coro
natu
s(V
erri
ll,
1867
)0–
125
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Cen
tros
teph
anus
rodg
ersi
i(A
.A
gass
iz,
1863
)
x
Cen
tros
teph
anus
sylv
iae
Fel
l,19
75x
Dia
dem
am
exic
anum
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
630–
113
mb,
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Dia
dem
apa
ucis
pinu
m(A
.A
gass
iz,
1863
)x
Dia
dem
asa
vign
yiM
iche
lin,
1845
1–3
rb,
sbx
Ech
inot
hrix
cala
mar
is(P
alla
s,17
74)
0–46
cr,r
bx
Ech
inot
hrix
diad
ema
(Lin
naeu
s,17
58)
3–5
crx
Ord
erP
edin
oida
Fam
ilyP
edin
idae
(con
tinu
ed)
578 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Cae
nope
dina
diom
edea
eM
orte
nsen
,19
3972
3–85
0x
Ord
erSa
leni
oida
Fam
ilySa
leni
idae
Sale
noci
dari
sm
ilia
ris
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
1159
–33
76x
xx
xx
Ord
erA
rbac
ioid
aF
amily
Arb
aciid
aeA
rbac
iadu
fres
nii
(Bla
invi
lle,
1825
)0–
315
rbx
Arb
acia
spat
ulig
era
(Val
enci
enne
s,18
46)
0–50
sb,r
b,m
bx
x
Arb
acia
stel
lata
(Bla
invi
lle,
1825
)0–
92cr
,mb,
rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Dia
lith
ocid
aris
gem
mif
era
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98
3193
–32
79x
x
Tet
rapy
gus
nige
r(M
olin
a,18
72)
0–25
rb,s
bx
x
Ord
erC
amar
odon
taF
amily
Par
echi
nida
eL
oxec
hinu
sal
bus
(Mol
ina,
1782
)0–
340
rbx
x
Ord
erT
emno
pleu
roid
aF
amily
Tem
nopl
euri
dae
Pse
udec
hinu
sm
agel
lani
cus
(Phi
lipp
i,18
57)
0–82
0rb
,kf
xx (con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 579
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Fam
ily
Tox
opne
usti
dae
Lyt
echi
nus
anam
esus
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1912
1–20
7cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
Lyt
echi
nus
pana
men
sis
Mor
tens
en,
1921
x
Lyt
echi
nus
pict
us(V
erri
ll,
1867
)0–
300
cr,r
b,m
b,sb
xx
xx
x
Lyt
echi
nus
sem
itub
ercu
latu
s(V
alen
cien
nes
inL
.A
gass
iz,
1846
)
0–13
4rb
,cr,
sbx
xx
Tri
pneu
stes
depr
essu
sA
.A
gass
iz,
1863
0–75
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Tri
pneu
stes
grat
illa
(Lin
naeu
s,17
58)
1–6
rbx
x
Tox
opne
uste
sro
seus
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
63)
0–55
cr,r
b,sb
,mb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilySt
rong
yloc
entr
otid
aeA
lloc
entr
otus
frag
ilis
Jack
son,
1912
50–1
200
mb,
rb,s
bx
Stro
ngyl
ocen
trot
usfr
anci
scan
us(A
.A
gass
iz,
1863
)
4–84
rb,s
bx
Stro
ngyl
ocen
trot
uspu
rpur
atus
(Sti
mps
on,
1857
)
0–16
1m
b,rb
x
Ord
erE
chin
oida
Fam
ilyE
chin
idae
Fam
ilyE
chin
omet
rida
e
(con
tinu
ed)
580 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Cae
noce
ntro
tus
gibb
osus
(L.
Aga
ssiz
&D
esor
,18
46)
0–35
rbx
xx
Ech
inom
etra
insu
lari
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
120–
50rb
,sb
xx
x
Ech
inom
etra
mat
haei
(Bla
invi
lle,
1825
)x
Ech
inom
etra
oblo
nga
(Bla
invi
lle,
1825
)0–
34cr
,rb
xx
xx
x
Ech
inom
etra
vanb
runt
iA
.A
gass
iz,
1863
0–10
6cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ech
inos
trep
hus
acic
ulat
usA
.A
gass
iz,
1863
x
Ord
erC
lype
aste
roid
aF
amily
Cly
peas
teri
dae
Cly
peas
ter
elon
gatu
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4810
sbx
Cly
peas
ter
euro
paci
ficus
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1914
0–40
2m
b,sb
,rb
xx
xx
xx
x
Cly
peas
ter
ochr
usH
.L
.C
lark
,19
140–
162
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
x
Cly
peas
ter
reti
cula
tus
Lin
naeu
s,17
58x
Cly
peas
ter
rotu
ndus
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
63)
0–92
rb,s
b,m
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Cly
peas
ter
spec
iosu
sV
erri
ll,
1870
0–12
8rb
,sb
xx
xx
Fam
ilyD
endr
aste
rida
e
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 581
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Den
dras
ter
exce
ntri
cus
(Esc
hsch
oltz
,18
31)
0–23
2m
b,rb
,sb
x
Den
tras
ter
laev
isH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4813
–22
sbx
Den
dras
ter
mex
ican
usH
.L
.C
lark
,19
480–
30sb
x
Den
dras
ter
vizc
aino
ensi
sG
rant
&H
ertl
ein,
1938
0–30
sbx
Fam
ilyM
ellit
idae
Enc
ope
coco
siH
.L
.C
lark
,19
484–
15sb
x
Enc
ope
ecua
dore
nsis
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1948
1–3
sbx
Enc
ope
gran
dis
L.
Aga
ssiz
,18
410–
120
sbx
xx
xx
x
Enc
ope
insu
lari
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
481–
10sb
x
Enc
ope
irre
gula
ris
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1948
0–36
.6sb
xx
Enc
ope
laev
isH
.L
.C
lark
,19
480–
7sb
xx
xx
Enc
ope
mic
heli
niL
.A
gass
iz,
1841
3–90
sbx
Enc
ope
mic
ropo
raL
.A
gass
iz,
1841
0–82
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Enc
ope
mic
ropo
raec
uado
rens
isH
.L
.C
lark
,19
48
1–5
sbx
x
Enc
ope
mic
ropo
rain
sula
ris
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1948
1–10
sbx
(con
tinu
ed)
582 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Enc
ope
mic
ropo
rair
regu
lari
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
48
1sb
x
Enc
ope
mic
ropo
rate
trap
ora
L.
Aga
ssiz
,18
41
3sb
x
Enc
ope
paci
fica
(Ver
rill
,18
67)
0–40
sbx
Enc
ope
pers
pect
iva
L.
Aga
ssiz
,18
418–
27m
b,sb
xx
xx
Enc
ope
wet
mor
eiA
.H
.C
lark
,19
461–
45sb
xx
xx
Mel
lita
gran
tii
Mor
tens
en,
1948
0–10
sbx
x
Mel
lita
kana
koffi
Dur
ham
,19
610–
102.
9sb
xx
x
Mel
lita
long
ifiss
aM
iche
lin,
1858
0–60
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Mel
lita
nota
bili
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
470.
5–0.
9sb
xx
xx
Mel
lite
lla
stok
esii
(L.
Aga
ssiz
,18
41)
0–10
sb,
mb
xx
xx
x
Ord
erC
assi
dulo
ida
Fam
ilyC
assi
dulid
aeR
hync
hola
mpa
spa
cific
us(A
.A
gass
iz,
1863
)6–
134
rb,s
bx
xx
x
Ord
erH
olas
tero
ida
Fam
ilyP
ourt
ales
iidae
Cys
tocr
epis
seti
gera
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
3182
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 583
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Pou
rtal
esia
tann
eri
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98x
Fam
illy
Ure
chin
idae
Cys
tech
inus
love
niA
.A
gass
iz,
1898
x
Pil
emat
echi
nus
rath
buni
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
3374
xx
Ure
chin
usna
resi
anus
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
7975
5–44
00x
Ord
erSp
atan
goid
aF
amily
Aer
opsi
dae
Aer
opsi
sfu
lva
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
1455
–52
00m
bx
xx
x
Fam
ilyB
riss
idae
Bri
ssop
sis
colu
mba
ris
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
9858
9–32
79m
b,sb
xx
x
Bri
ssop
sis
paci
fica
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
9–23
7sb
,mb,
rbx
xx
xx
x
Bri
ssus
agas
sizi
iD
oede
rlei
n,18
85x
Bri
ssus
obes
usV
erri
ll,
1867
0–24
0sb
,cr,
rbx
xx
xx
xx
Bri
ssus
late
cari
natu
s(L
eske
,17
78)
x
Meo
ma
fran
gibi
lis
Che
sher
,19
7096
x
Meo
ma
vent
rico
sagr
andi
sG
ray,
1851
0–20
0sb
xx
xx
xx
Met
alia
nobi
lis
Ver
rill
,18
670–
18sb
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
584 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Met
alia
spat
agus
(Lin
naeu
s,17
58)
x
Rha
bdob
riss
uspa
cific
usH
.L
.C
lark
,19
406–
137
sb,m
b,sb
xx
x
Fam
ilyH
emia
ster
idae
Hem
iast
erte
nuis
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
980–
4027
xx
xx
Fam
ilyL
oven
iidae
Hom
olam
pas
hast
ata
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
9817
85–
3376
xx
xx
Lov
enia
cord
ifor
mis
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
720–
210
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilyM
acro
pneu
stid
aeA
rgop
atag
usac
ulea
ta(A
.A
gass
iz,
1898
)19
52x
Fam
ilyM
aret
iidae
Nac
ospa
tang
usob
long
a(M
orte
nsen
,19
50)
x
Fam
ilyP
alae
otro
pida
eSc
ripp
sech
inus
fishe
riA
llis
on,
Dur
ham
&M
intz
,19
67
270–
460
x
Fam
ilyP
rena
ster
idae
Tri
pylu
sex
cava
tus
Phi
lipp
i,18
450–
130
x
Fam
ilySc
hiza
ster
idae
Aba
tus
cave
rnos
us(P
hili
ppi,
1845
)0–
760
x (con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 585
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Aba
tus
phil
ippi
iL
ovén
,18
7127
–804
x
Ace
ste
ovat
aA
.A
gass
iz&
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1907
x
Aga
ssiz
iasc
robi
cula
taV
alen
cien
nes,
1846
0–20
9m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Bri
sast
erla
tifr
ons
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
9–28
17m
b,sb
xx
x
Bri
sast
erm
osel
eyi
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
81)
124–
730
x
Bri
sast
erto
wns
endi
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
98)
x
Moi
raat
ropo
scl
otho
Mic
heli
n,18
5510
–40
mb,
sbx
xx
Schi
zast
erro
tund
atus
(Doe
derl
ein,
1906
)x
Tri
pyla
ster
phil
ippi
i(G
ray,
1851
)0–
100
sbx
Fam
ilySp
atan
gida
eSp
atan
gus
cali
forn
icus
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1917
10–6
44m
b,rb
,sb
x
Cla
ssH
olot
huro
idea
Ord
erD
endr
ochi
roti
daF
amily
Cuc
umar
iidae
Aby
ssoc
ucum
isab
ysso
rum
(Thé
el,
1886
)32
41–
4000
xx
xx
Aby
ssoc
ucum
isal
batr
ossi
Che
rbon
nier
,19
47
1585
–56
90x
(con
tinu
ed)
586 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Cuc
umar
iach
ilen
sis
Lud
wig
,18
7532
–162
x
Cuc
umar
iafla
mm
aS
olís
-Mar
ín&
Lag
uard
a-F
igue
ras,
1999
0–15
rbx
xx
xx
x
Cla
doda
ctyl
acr
ocea
(Les
son,
1830
)0–
4300
sbx
Het
eroc
ucum
isgo
deffr
oyi
(Sem
per,
1868
)
0–37
9rb
,sb
xx
Hem
ioed
ema
spec
tabi
lis
(Lud
wig
,18
82)
1464
2sb
x
Lep
tope
ntac
tani
naD
eich
man
n,19
41x
Lep
tope
ntac
tano
vaD
eich
man
n,19
41x
Lep
tope
ntac
tapa
nam
ica
Dei
chm
ann,
1941
x
Neo
cucu
mis
pana
men
sis
Hed
ing
&P
anni
ng,
1954
x
Neo
cucu
mis
vele
roni
s(D
eich
man
n,19
41)
0–22
rbx
xx
Pat
talu
sm
olli
sS
elen
ka,
1868
0–45
rbx
x
Pen
tact
apa
nam
ensi
sV
erri
ll,
1867
x
Pse
udoc
nus
cali
forn
icus
(Sem
per,
1868
)0–
190
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Pse
udoc
nus
dubi
osus
(Sem
per,
1868
)0–
300
rb,s
bx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 587
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Pse
udoc
nus
dubi
osus
leon
inus
(Sem
per,
1868
)0–
300
rb,s
bx
x
Pse
udoc
nus
perr
ieri
(Eck
man
,19
27)
0–19
7rb
,sb
x
Stau
rocu
cum
isab
ysso
rum
(Thé
el,
1886
)15
87–
4088
mb,
rbx
xx
Ster
eode
rma
laev
igat
aV
erri
ll,
1876
x
Thy
onel
lam
exic
ana
(Dei
chm
ann,
1941
)10
–35
sb,r
ubx
x
Tra
chyt
hyon
ele
chle
ri(L
ampe
rt,
1885
)5–
238
rbx
Tra
chyt
hyon
epe
ruan
a(S
empe
r,18
68)
5–42
rbx
x
Fam
ilyP
hyllo
phor
idae
All
othy
one
mex
ican
a(D
eich
man
n,19
46)
xx
Ath
yoni
dium
chil
ensi
s(S
empe
r,18
68)
0–13
sb,r
b,kf
xx
Eut
hyon
idiu
mov
ulum
Dei
chm
ann,
1938
x
Eut
hyon
idiu
mve
lero
nis
Dei
chm
ann,
1937
0.3
xx
Pen
tam
era
beeb
eiD
eich
man
n,19
3873
x
Pen
tam
era
chie
rchi
a(L
udw
ig,
1887
)0–
78cr
,sb,
rbx
xx
xx
x
Pen
tam
era
chil
oens
is(L
udw
ig,
1887
)6–
124
sbx
(con
tinu
ed)
588 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Pen
tam
era
zaca
eD
eich
man
n,19
3824
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
Phy
rell
aac
ulea
ta(L
udw
ig,
1894
)x
Thy
one
bide
ntat
aD
eich
man
n,19
412–
30cr
,rb
xx
xx
Thy
one
neof
usus
Dei
chm
ann,
1941
x
Thy
one
para
fusu
sD
eich
man
n,19
4125
–35
mb,
sbx
Thy
one
stra
nger
iD
eich
man
n,19
410–
12rb
x
Fam
ilyP
solid
aeL
isso
thur
iaha
ncoc
ki(D
eich
man
n,19
41)
1–30
1rb
x
Lis
soth
uria
mor
tens
eni
Paw
son,
1967
x
Lis
soth
uria
orna
taV
erri
ll,
1867
0–37
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
x
Lis
soth
uria
vele
roni
s(D
eich
man
n,19
41)
x
Neo
psol
idiu
mco
nver
gens
(Her
ouar
d,19
01)
15kf
x
Pso
lidi
umdi
scif
orm
is(T
héel
,18
86)
8–44
8rb
x
Pso
lidi
umdo
rsip
esL
udw
ig,
1886
11–4
51cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
x
Pso
lidi
umek
man
iD
eich
man
n,19
41x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 589
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Pso
lidi
umeu
bull
atum
Dei
chm
ann,
1941
x
Pso
lidi
umgr
acil
eL
udw
ig,
1894
2323
x
Pso
lidi
umpa
nam
ense
Lud
wig
,18
9423
23x
Pso
lidi
umpl
anum
Dei
chm
ann,
1941
16–1
10x
Pso
lus
anta
rcti
cus
Phi
lipp
i,18
576–
1080
rbx
Pso
lus
chit
onoi
des
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1901
0–24
7rb
x
Pso
lus
digi
tatu
sL
udw
ig,
1894
1271
x
Pso
lus
diom
edea
eL
udw
ig,
1894
13–3
02rb
,sb
xx
xx
Pso
lus
para
dubi
osus
Car
riol
&F
éral
,19
8510
–567
rbx
Pso
lus
pata
goni
cus
Ekm
an,
1925
0–11
0rb
,kf
x
Pso
lus
squa
mat
us(K
oren
,18
44)
7–10
87rb
xx
Pso
lus
squa
mat
usse
greg
atus
Per
rier
,19
057–
207
rbx
Fam
ilySc
lero
dact
ylid
aeA
froc
ucum
isov
ulum
(Sel
enka
,18
67)
0–7
rb,c
rx
xx
x
Ape
ntam
era
lepr
aD
eich
man
n,19
4155
–91
sbx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
590 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Ath
yone
glas
sell
i(D
eich
man
n,19
36)
0–6
sbx
Eut
hyon
idie
lla
zaca
e(D
eich
man
n,19
38)
17–2
5rb
xx
x
Neo
pent
amer
aan
exig
uaD
eich
man
n,19
418–
22cr
xx
Neo
thyo
negi
bber
(Sel
enka
,18
67)
0–50
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
xx
Neo
thyo
negi
bbos
aD
eich
man
n,19
410–
14rb
xx
xx
Neo
thyo
nepa
nam
ensi
s(L
udw
ig,
1887
)0–
8.6
rbx
x
Pac
hyth
yone
lugu
bris
(Dei
chm
ann,
1939
)cr
,rb
x
Pac
hyth
yone
pseu
dolu
gubr
isD
eich
man
n,19
41
12cr
,rb
x
Ord
erD
acty
loch
irot
ida
Fam
ilyY
psilo
thur
iidae
Yps
ilot
huri
abi
tent
acul
ata
(Lud
wig
,18
93)
225–
4082
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ord
erA
spid
ochi
roti
daF
amily
Hol
othu
riid
aeA
ctin
opyg
am
auri
tian
a(Q
uoy
&G
aim
ard,
1833
)x
Hol
othu
ria
(Cys
tipu
s)ca
soae
Lag
uard
a-F
igue
ras
&S
olís
-Mar
ín,
2009
45–1
00sb
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 591
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Hol
othu
ria
(Cys
tipu
s)in
habi
lis
Sel
enka
,18
671–
203
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Cys
tipu
s)ri
gida
(Sel
enka
,18
67)
0–22
mb,
sb,r
bx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Hal
odei
ma)
atra
(Jae
ger,
1833
)5–
26m
b,cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Hal
odei
ma)
chil
ensi
sS
empe
r,18
68x
Hol
othu
ria
(Hal
odei
ma)
inor
nata
Sem
per,
1868
0–18
rbx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Hal
odei
ma)
kefe
rste
ini
(Sel
enka
,18
67)
0–27
rb,s
b,cr
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Les
sono
thur
ia)
pard
alis
Sel
enka
,18
67
0–30
6cr
,rb,
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Mer
tens
ioth
uria
)hi
lla
Les
son,
1830
0.3–
52cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Mer
tens
ioth
uria
)le
ucos
pilo
ta(B
rand
t,18
35)
1–17
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Pla
type
rona
)di
ffici
lis
Sem
per,
1868
0–10
0m
b,rb
,sb,
crx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Pla
type
rona
)pa
rvul
a(S
elen
ka,
1867
)
1–4
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
592 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Hol
othu
ria
(Sel
enko
thur
ia)
care
reH
oney
-Esc
andó
n&
Sol
ís-M
arín
,20
11
0–6
rbx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Sel
enko
thur
ia)
lubr
ica
Sel
enka
,18
67
0–55
cr,r
b,sb
,mb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Sel
enko
thur
ia)
port
oval
lart
ensi
sC
aso,
1954
0–59
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Sel
enko
thur
ia)
thee
liD
eich
man
n,19
38
0–55
rbx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Sem
pero
thur
ia)
cine
rasc
ens
(Bra
ndt,
1835
)
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Sem
pero
thur
ia)
imit
ans
Lud
wig
,18
75
0–22
rb,s
b,cr
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Sem
pero
thur
ia)
lang
uens
Sel
enka
,18
67
0–91
rb,m
b,sb
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Sta
urop
ora)
plur
icur
iosa
Dei
chm
ann,
1937
0–13
0rb
,cr,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(The
elot
huri
a)pa
rapr
ince
psD
eich
man
n,19
37
0–64
cr,r
b,sb
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 593
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Hol
othu
ria
(Thy
mio
syci
a)ar
enic
ola
Sem
per,
1868
1–12
1rb
,sb,
crx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Thy
mio
syci
a)im
pati
ens
(For
skaa
l,17
75)
0–67
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Van
eyot
huri
a)za
cae
Dei
chm
ann,
1937
77–2
50m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
x
Lab
idod
emas
amer
ican
umD
eich
man
n,19
38
0.5–
16rb
,cr,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
Lab
idod
emas
mac
cull
ochi
(Dei
chm
ann,
1958
)
1–18
rb,s
b,cr
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilySt
icho
podi
dae
Apo
stic
hopu
spa
rvim
ensi
s(H
.L.C
lark
,19
13)
0–36
mb,
rb,s
bx
Isos
tich
opus
fusc
us(L
udw
ig,
1875
)0–
61cr
,rb,
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Par
asti
chop
usca
lifo
rnic
us(S
tim
pson
,18
57)
1–18
0m
b,rb
x
Stic
hopu
sho
rren
sS
elen
ka,
1867
0–20
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
Stic
hopu
sm
onot
uber
cula
tus
(Quo
y&
Gai
mar
d,18
33)
x
Fam
ilySy
nalla
ctid
ae
(con
tinu
ed)
594 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Bat
hypl
otes
mos
eley
i(T
héel
,18
86)
24–6
90m
b,rb
xx
Bat
hypl
otes
nata
ns(M
.S
ars,
1868
)Ö
ster
gren
,18
96
1644
xx
Bat
hypl
otes
pata
giat
usF
ishe
r,19
0716
44x
Cap
heir
asu
lcat
aL
udw
ig,
1893
2877
–43
34m
bx
x
Mes
eres
mac
dona
ldi
Lud
wig
,18
9416
44x
x
Mes
eres
torv
us(T
héel
,18
86)
x
Mes
othu
ria
(Mes
othu
ria)
mul
tipe
sL
udw
ig,
1894
725–
4064
mb
xx
xx
Mes
othu
ria
(Zyg
othu
ria)
lact
ea(T
héel
,18
86)
x
Mol
padi
odem
asat
lant
icus
(R.
Per
rier
,18
98)
x
Mol
padi
odem
asne
ovil
losu
sO
’Lou
ghli
n&
Ahe
arn,
2005
2487
–36
67x
Mol
padi
odem
asus
tula
tus
O’L
ough
lin
&A
hear
n,20
05
x
Mol
padi
odem
asvi
llos
us(T
héel
,18
86)
3667
x
Mol
padi
odem
asvi
olac
eus
(Thé
el,
1886
)x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 595
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Pae
lopa
tide
sco
nfun
dens
Thé
el,
1886
1571
–40
70m
bx
x
Pae
lopa
tide
ssu
spec
taL
udw
ig,
1894
2323
x
Pse
udos
tich
opus
mac
dona
ldi
(Lud
wig
,18
94)
2149
x
Pse
udos
tich
opus
mol
lis
Thé
el,
1886
100–
5203
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
x
Pse
udos
tich
opus
peri
patu
s(S
luit
er,
1901
)11
58–
3667
xx
x
Syna
llac
tes
aeni
gma
Lud
wig
,18
9424
18–
4334
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
Syna
llac
tes
alex
andr
iL
udw
ig,
1894
589–
1008
xx
Syna
llac
tes
trip
lax
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1920
549
x
Syna
llac
tes
virg
ulas
olid
aM
assi
n&
Hen
dric
kx,
2010
1030
mb
x
Ord
erE
lasi
podi
daF
amily
Dei
mat
idae
Dei
ma
vali
dum
paci
ficum
Lud
wig
,18
9416
18–
2487
mb,
sbx
xx
x
One
irop
hant
am
utab
ilis
affin
isL
udw
ig,
1894
3241
xx
x
One
irop
hant
am
utab
ilis
mut
abil
isT
héel
,18
7932
41–
3670
mb
xx
x
One
irop
hant
ase
tige
ra(L
udw
ig,
1893
)36
67–
4088
x
(con
tinu
ed)
596 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Fam
ilyE
lpid
iidae
Ach
lyon
ice
ecal
care
aT
héel
,18
7916
08–
3587
mb,
sbx
Am
peri
ma
nare
si(T
héel
,18
82)
2010
–71
30m
bx
Am
peri
ma
vitj
azi
Geb
ruk,
1988
x
Elp
idia
atak
ama
Bel
yaev
,19
7177
20m
bx
Elp
idia
chil
ensi
sB
elya
ev,
1971
2710
–46
00m
bx
Pen
iago
nean
ames
a(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
20)
x
Pen
iago
nedi
apha
na(T
héel
,18
82)
4140
–41
60m
bx
Pen
iago
neel
onga
ta(T
héel
,18
79)
4140
–41
60m
bx
Pen
iago
negr
acil
is(L
udw
ig,
1894
)24
87–
4160
mb
xx
Pen
iago
nein
term
edia
Lud
wig
,18
9324
18–
3667
mb
xx
Pen
iago
nepa
pill
ata
Han
sen,
1975
x
Pen
iago
nevi
trea
Thé
el,
1882
1160
–45
07m
bx
xx
xx
x
Scot
opla
nes
clar
kiH
anse
n,19
7535
70–
5107
mb
xx
Scot
opla
nes
glob
osa
Thé
el,
1879
545–
6770
mb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 597
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Fam
ily
Lae
tmog
onid
aeL
aetm
ogon
eth
eeli
Lud
wig
,18
9324
18x
Lae
tmog
one
viol
acea
Thé
el,
1879
466–
5083
x
Pan
nych
iam
osel
eyi
Thé
el,
1882
199–
2599
mb,
sbx
xx
x
Fam
ilyP
elag
othu
rida
eE
nypn
iast
esex
imia
Thé
el,
1882
4140
–41
60pe
lagi
cx
Pel
agot
huri
ana
tatr
ixL
udw
ig,
1893
0–45
05pe
lagi
cx
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyP
sych
ropo
tida
eB
enth
odyt
esin
cert
aL
udw
ig,
1893
2418
x
Ben
thod
ytes
sang
uino
lent
aT
héel
,18
82
978–
2323
mb
xx
xx
xx
Ben
thod
ytes
typi
caT
héel
,18
8211
58–
4700
mb
xx
x
Psy
chro
naet
esha
nsen
iP
awso
n,19
8338
52–
4189
mb
x
Psy
chro
pote
sde
pres
sa(T
héel
,18
82)
x
Psy
chro
pote
slo
ngic
auda
Thé
el,
1882
3334
–41
60m
bx
xx
xx
Psy
chro
pote
sve
rruc
osa
(Lud
wig
,18
94)
2418
–41
60m
bx
xx
x
Ord
erM
olpa
diid
a
(con
tinu
ed)
598 Appendix
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Fam
ilyC
audi
nida
eC
erap
lect
ana
trac
hyde
rma
H.L
.Cla
rk,
1908
5203
mb
x
Hed
ingi
aca
lifo
rnic
a(L
udw
ig,
1894
)85
–285
0sb
,mb
xx
Par
acau
dina
chil
ensi
sch
ilen
sis
(Mül
ler,
1850
)0–
990
mb,
sbx
x
Fam
ilyM
olpa
diid
aeM
olpa
dia
anta
rcti
ca(T
héel
,18
86)
80–1
218
mb,
sbx
Mol
padi
ain
term
edia
(Lud
wig
,18
94)
53–2
972
mb
xx
x
Mol
padi
agr
anul
ata
(Lud
wig
,18
94)
2690
–58
69m
bx
x
Mol
padi
am
uscu
lus
Ris
so,
1826
37–6
134
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Mol
padi
asp
inos
a(L
udw
ig,
1893
)32
79x
Ord
erA
podi
daF
amily
Chi
rido
tida
eC
hiri
dota
apon
ocri
taA
.H
.C
lark
,19
209–
137
cr,r
b,sb
xx
Chi
rido
tapa
cific
aH
edin
g,19
28x
Chi
rido
tapi
sani
iL
udw
ig,
1886
0–22
8m
b,sb
x
Chi
rido
tari
gida
Sem
per,
1868
2–9
cr,r
b,sb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 599
Tab
leA
.1(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XR
EV
GU
AS
AL
HO
NN
ICC
RC
CO
CP
AN
CO
LM
AL
GA
LE
CU
PE
RC
HL
PA
S
Tae
niog
yrus
cont
ortu
s(L
udw
ig,
1875
)0–
560
mb,
sb,k
fx
Tro
chod
ota
purp
urea
(Les
son,
1830
)0–
36rb
,sb
x
Fam
ilyM
yrio
troc
hida
eM
yrio
troc
hus
giga
nteu
sA
.H
.C
lark
,19
2036
67m
bx
x
Myr
iotr
ochu
s(O
ligo
troc
hus)
bath
ybiu
sA
.H
.C
lark
,19
20
3667
mb
x
Fam
ilySy
napt
idae
Ana
pta
fall
axL
ampe
rt,
1889
0–35
0sb
x
Epi
tom
apta
tabo
gae
Hed
ing,
1928
0–10
xx
Eua
pta
gode
ffroy
i(S
empe
r,18
68)
0–79
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
x
Pol
yple
ctan
aoc
ulat
aH
edin
g,19
28x
Pro
tank
yra
abys
sico
la(T
héel
,18
86)
x
Pro
tank
yra
bryc
hia
(Ver
rill
,18
85)
3900
–40
00x
xx
x
Pro
tank
yra
paci
fica
(Lud
wig
,18
94)
870–
4990
mb
xx
x
Hab
itat
clas
sifi
cati
on:
crC
oral
Ree
fs,
mm
angr
oves
,m
bm
uddy
bott
om,
rbro
cky
bott
om,
sbsa
ndy
bott
om,
sgse
agra
ss,
rub
rubb
lebo
ttom
,kf
kelp
fore
st.
Cou
ntri
esab
brev
iati
on:M
EX
Mex
ico,
RE
VR
evil
lagi
gedo
Arc
hipe
lago
,GU
AG
uate
mal
a,SA
LE
lSal
vado
r,H
ON
Hon
dura
s,N
ICN
icar
agua
,CR
CC
osta
Ric
a,C
OC
Coc
osIs
land
,P
AN
Pan
ama,
CO
LC
olom
bia,
MA
LM
alpe
loIs
land
,G
AL
Gal
apag
osA
rchi
pela
go,
EC
UE
cuad
or,
PE
RP
erú,
CH
LC
hile
,P
AS
Eas
tern
Isla
nds
600 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2T
axon
omic
list
ofth
eE
chin
oder
ms
ofth
eA
tlan
tic
Oce
anan
dC
arib
bean
Sea
ofL
atin
Am
eric
aan
dth
eC
anar
yIs
land
sD
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Cla
ssC
rino
idea
Ord
erC
omat
ulid
aF
amily
Ant
edon
idae
Ant
edon
bifid
a(P
enna
nt,
1777
)0–
400
rb,r
ubx
xA
nted
onnu
ttin
gi(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
36)
364–
429
rbx
Car
yom
etra
alop
eA
.H
.C
lark
,19
4047
5–64
0rb
x
Car
yom
etra
atla
ntid
isA
.H
.C
lark
,19
4036
6–53
0m
bx
x
Car
yom
etra
lisa
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1940
702
rbx
Car
yom
etra
mon
ilic
irra
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1940
x
Car
yom
etra
spin
osa
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1940
x
Car
yom
etra
tenu
ipes
(A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1908
)38
6rb
xx
Coc
com
etra
gutt
ata
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1918
288–
480
mb,
rb,r
ubx
xx
Coc
com
etra
hage
nii
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1867
)14
–104
6rb
,rub
xx
Coc
com
etra
nigr
olin
eata
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1918
40–9
87cr
,rb,
rub
xx
xx
Com
aton
iacr
ista
ta(H
artl
aub,
1912
)50
–396
cr,r
bx
Cte
nant
edon
kinz
iei
Mey
er,
1972
Sep
-49
crx
xx
Hyp
alom
etra
defe
cta
(Car
pent
er,
1888
)46
–400
cr,m
b,rb
xx
xx
xx
Isom
etra
vivi
para
Mor
tens
en,
1917
79–3
50m
b,sb
,rub
xx
Lep
tom
etra
celt
ica
(M’A
ndre
w&
Bar
rett
,18
58)
x
Phr
ixom
etra
nutr
ix(M
orte
nsen
,19
18)
137–
150
mb,
rb,s
bx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 601
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Pol
iom
etra
prol
ixa
(Sla
den,
1881
)21
9x
Tri
chom
etra
cube
nsis
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1869
)21
0–48
29m
b,rb
xx
xx
Zen
omet
raco
lum
nari
s(C
arpe
nter
,18
81)
309–
1033
mb,
rbx
x
Fam
ilyP
enta
met
rocr
inid
aeP
enta
met
rocr
inus
atla
ntic
us(P
erri
er,
1883
)86
0–16
74m
b,sb
x
Supe
rfam
ilyC
omas
tera
cea
Fam
ilyC
omas
teri
dae
Com
acti
nia
echi
nopt
era
(Mül
ler,
1840
)2–
1033
cr,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Com
acti
nia
mer
idio
nali
sm
erid
iona
lis
(L.A
gass
iz,1
865)
3–10
33cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Com
acti
nia
mer
idio
nali
sha
rtla
ubi
Mes
sing
,19
7858
–373
cr,r
bx
xx
Com
issi
ave
nust
us(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
09)
24–4
79cr
,mb,
rb,r
ubx
xx
xx
Dav
idas
ter
disc
oide
us(C
arpe
nter
,18
88)
0–64
0cr
,br,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Dav
idas
ter
rubi
gino
sus
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1869
)0–
334
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Lep
tone
mas
ter
venu
stus
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1909
55–7
77m
bx
xx
Nem
aste
rgr
andi
sA
.H
.C
lark
,19
093–
124
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
x
Neo
com
atel
laal
ata
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1878
)10
–560
cr,b
rx
xx
x
Neo
com
atel
laeu
ropa
eaA
.H
.C
lark
,19
1346
6–96
0rb
,rub
x
Neo
com
atel
lapu
lche
lla
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1878
)3–
695
cr,b
rx
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilyC
olob
omet
rida
eA
nalc
idom
etra
arm
ata
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1869
)3–
155
crx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
602 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ana
lcid
omet
raca
ribb
ea(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
08)
23–2
6x
Fam
ilyC
hari
tom
etri
dae
Cri
nom
etra
brev
ipin
nabr
evip
inna
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1867
)69
–795
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
xx
Cri
nom
etra
brev
ipin
naco
ncin
naA
.H
.C
lark
,19
0920
1–36
7rb
x
Cri
nom
etra
brev
ipin
nadi
adem
a(H
artl
aub,
1912
)32
0–45
7rb
x
Cri
nom
etra
brev
ipin
nagr
anul
ifer
a(P
ourt
alès
,18
78)
185–
475
rbx
Cri
nom
etra
brev
ipin
nam
arga
rita
cea
A.H
.Cla
rk,1
909
320–
457
rbx
Cri
nom
etra
brev
ipin
napu
lchr
aA
.H
.C
lark
,19
0948
4–56
7rb
x
Fam
ilyT
hala
ssom
etri
dae
Hor
aeom
etra
dupl
ex(C
arpe
nter
,18
88)
159–
567
rbx
xx
Styl
omet
rasp
inif
era
(Car
pent
er,
1881
)69
–658
cr,r
b,sb
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyT
ropi
omet
rida
eT
ropi
omet
raca
rina
ta(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
84cr
,rb,
rub
xx
xx
Fam
ilyA
tele
crin
idae
Ate
lecr
inus
bala
noid
esC
arpe
nter
,18
8151
2–28
90m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilyB
athy
crin
idae
Bat
hycr
inus
grac
ilis
Wyv
ille
-T
hom
son,
1877
x
Mon
acho
crin
usca
ribb
eus
(A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1908
)68
4–15
74m
b,rb
xx
x
Fam
ilyB
ourg
ueti
crin
idae
Con
ocri
nus
lofo
tens
is(S
ars,
1868
)x
Dem
ocri
nus
coni
fer
(A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1909
)15
5–17
50cr
,mb,
rbx
xx
xx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 603
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Dem
ocri
nus
brev
is(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
09)
374–
1574
mb
xx
Dem
ocri
nus
raw
soni
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1874
)70
–650
mb,
rbx
xx
xx
Fam
ilySe
ptoc
rini
dae
Rou
xicr
inus
vest
itus
Mir
onov
&Pa
wso
n,20
1042
1–88
7m
bx
Ord
erIs
ocri
nida
Fam
ilyIs
ocri
nida
eE
ndox
ocri
nus
(Dip
locr
inus
)w
yvil
leth
omso
ni(J
effr
eys,
1870
)
x
End
oxoc
rinu
spa
rrae
(Ger
vais
,18
35)
154–
971
cr,m
b,rb
xx
xx
xx
End
oxoc
rinu
spr
iono
des
(H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1941
)80
.7rb
x
Isoc
rinu
sbl
akei
(Car
pent
er,
1884
)22
0–12
00cr
,rb,
rub
xx
Neo
crin
usde
coru
sT
hom
son,
1864
154–
1219
mb,
rb,r
ubx
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilyIs
selic
rini
dae
Cen
ocri
nus
aste
rius
(Lin
naeu
s,17
67)
170–
412
cr,m
b,rb
xx
x
Ord
erC
yrto
crin
ida
Fam
ilyH
olop
odid
aeH
olop
usra
ngii
Orb
igny
,18
379–
700
rbx
xx
Cla
ssA
ster
oide
aO
rder
Pax
illos
ida
Fam
ilyA
stro
pect
inid
aeA
stro
pect
enac
utir
adia
tus
Tor
tone
se,
1956
35–6
6sb
xx
Ast
rope
cten
alli
gato
rP
erri
er,
1881
22–5
76cr
,mb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
Ast
rope
cten
amer
ican
usV
erri
ll,
1880
110–
641
mb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
604 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ast
rope
cten
anti
llen
sis
Lüt
ken,
1860
3–27
8m
b,sb
,rub
xx
xx
x
Ast
rope
cten
aran
ciac
us(L
inna
eus,
1758
)1–
180
sb,r
ubx
Ast
rope
cten
arti
cula
tus
Say
,18
250–
256
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ast
rope
cten
bras
ilie
nsis
Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1842
2–60
sbx
xx
x
Ast
rope
cten
bras
ilie
nsis
rien
sis
Doe
derl
ein,
1917
18–6
6sb
x
Ast
rope
cten
cari
bem
exic
anen
sis
Cas
o,19
9051
.3ru
bx
Ast
rope
cten
cing
ulat
usS
lade
n,18
8316
–135
0m
b,sb
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ast
rope
cten
com
ptus
Ver
rill
,19
1518
–130
sb,r
ubx
x
Ast
rope
cten
dupl
icat
usG
ray,
1840
0–55
0m
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Ast
rope
cten
herm
atop
hilu
sSl
aden
,18
8315
–150
0x
Ast
rope
cten
irre
gula
ris
(Pen
nant
,17
77)
10–1
000
mb,
sb,r
ubx
Ast
rope
cten
mar
gina
tus
Gra
y,18
400.
5–13
0m
b,sb
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
Ast
rope
cten
niti
dus
Ver
rill
,19
1511
–686
mb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
xx
Ast
rope
cten
spin
ipho
rus
Mad
sen,
1950
45x
Ast
rope
ctin
ides
mes
actu
s(S
lade
n,18
83)
80–1
65x
Bat
hybi
aste
rlo
ripe
sS
lade
n,18
8980
–500
mb,
sbx
xx
Bla
kias
ter
coni
cus
Per
rier
,18
8155
–366
sbx
xx
x
Dip
saca
ster
anti
llen
sis
Hal
pern
,19
6811
3–36
27cr
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 605
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Dyt
aste
rgr
andi
sno
bili
sSl
aden
,18
8933
05–
4846
x
Dyt
aste
rin
sign
isP
erri
er,
1884
2209
–36
54sb
x
Lep
tych
aste
rke
rgue
lene
nsis
E.
A.
Sm
ith,
1876
27–1
83x
x
Lon
chot
aste
rta
rtar
eus
Sla
den,
1889
4390
x
Per
seph
onas
ter
echi
nula
tus
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1941
196–
720
cr,m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Per
seph
onas
ter
lept
acti
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4129
28–
3294
x
Per
seph
onas
ter
pata
giat
us(S
lade
n,18
89)
733–
2165
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
Plu
tona
ster
agas
sizi
agas
sizi
Ver
rill
,18
8070
–311
0cr
,mb,
sbx
xx
Plu
tona
ster
bifr
ons
(Wyv
ille
-T
hom
son,
1873
)80
0–29
70x
x
Plu
tona
ster
efflo
resc
ens
(Per
rier
,18
84)
666–
2061
mb,
sbx
xx
Psi
last
eran
drom
eda
flora
e(V
erri
ll,
1878
)14
09–
1629
mb,
sbx
Psi
last
erca
ssio
peS
lade
n,18
8915
1–16
80m
b,sb
xx
xx
x
Psi
last
erhe
rwig
i(B
erna
scon
i,19
72)
100–
800
xx
Tet
hyas
ter
gran
dis
(Ver
rill
,18
99)
24–1
39m
b,sb
xx
xx
Tet
hyas
ter
subi
nerm
is(P
hili
ppi,
1837
)50
–140
0m
bx
Tet
hyas
ter
vest
itus
vest
itus
(Say
,18
25)
5–30
6m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyC
teno
disc
idae
Cte
nodi
scus
aust
rali
sL
ütke
n,18
7170
–460
5sb
,rub
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
606 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Cte
nodi
scus
cris
patu
s(R
etzi
us,
1805
)14
15–
1865
x
Fam
ilyG
onio
pect
inid
aeG
onio
pect
ende
mon
stra
nsPe
rrie
r,18
8130
0–12
50m
b,sb
xx
xx
x
Pri
onas
ter
eleg
ans
Ver
rill
,18
9920
8–53
5m
b,sb
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilyL
uidi
idae
Lui
dia
alte
rnat
aal
tern
ata
(Say
,18
25)
0–15
00m
,mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Lui
dia
bard
aben
sis
Perr
ier,
1881
60–4
30m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
Lui
dia
cili
aris
(Phi
lipp
i,18
37)
1–40
0sb
xL
uidi
acl
athr
ata
(Say
,18
25)
0–17
5m
b,rb
,sb,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Lui
dia
hete
rozo
naba
rim
aeJo
hn&
A.
M.
Cla
rk,
1954
16–9
0m
b,sb
xx
xx
x
Lui
dia
law
renc
eiH
opki
ns&
Kno
tt,
2010
0–17
5m
bx
Lui
dia
ludw
igi
scot
tiB
ell,
1917
33–1
57m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
Lui
dia
patr
iae
Ber
nasc
oni,
1941
100–
126
mb,
sbx
Lui
dia
saga
min
aac
icul
ata
Mor
tens
en,
1933
71–8
3sb
x
Lui
dia
sars
iD
üben
&K
oren
,18
45x
Lui
dia
sars
iel
egan
sP
erri
er,
1875
60–3
65m
b,sb
xx
Lui
dia
sene
gale
nsis
(Lam
arck
,18
16)
0–73
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyP
orce
llana
ster
idae
Ere
mic
aste
rvi
cinu
sL
udw
ig,
1907
3950
–72
50m
b,ru
bx
Styr
acas
ter
horr
idus
Slad
en,
1883
3410
–50
62sb
x
Tho
raca
ster
cyli
ndra
tus
Sla
den,
1883
2540
–59
90m
b,sb
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 607
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Fam
ilyP
seud
arch
aste
rida
eP
seud
arch
aste
rdi
scus
Sla
den,
1889
140–
283
xx
Pse
udar
chas
ter
grac
ilis
grac
ilis
(Sla
den,
1889
)17
0–29
40m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Pse
udar
chas
ter
pare
lii
(Düb
en&
Kov
en,
1846
)26
5–86
9x
Ord
erN
otom
yoti
daF
amily
Ben
thop
ecti
nida
eB
enth
opec
ten
sim
plex
sim
plex
(Per
rier
,18
81)
1175
–37
13m
b,sb
,rb
xx
Ben
thop
ecte
nsp
inos
usV
erri
ll,
1884
1857
–19
58m
bx
Che
iras
ter
(Bar
bado
sast
er)
echi
nula
tus
(Per
rier
,18
75)
130–
5062
cr,m
b,sb
,rb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Che
iras
ter
(Che
iras
ter)
ludw
igi
Fish
er,
1913
1266
sb,r
bx
Che
iras
ter
(Che
iras
ter)
plan
usV
erri
ll,
1915
226–
1339
mb,
sb,r
bx
xx
x
Che
iras
ter
(Che
iras
ter)
sepi
tus
(Ver
rill
,18
85)
485–
5062
mb,
sbx
xx
x
Che
iras
ter
(Chr
isto
pher
aste
r)bl
akei
A.
M.
Cla
rk,
1981
250–
1958
mb,
sb,r
bx
xx
xx
x
Che
iras
ter
(Chr
isto
pher
aste
r)m
irab
ilis
(Per
rier
,18
81)
380–
1470
mb,
sb,r
bx
xx
xx
Che
iras
ter
(Lui
dias
ter)
plan
eta
(Sla
den,
1889
)37
0–50
0m
bx
x
Gau
ssas
ter
anta
rcti
cus
(Sla
den,
1889
)33
05m
bx
Pec
tina
ster
grac
ilis
Ver
rill
,19
1557
6x
Ord
erV
alva
tida
Fam
ilyA
ster
inid
aeA
llop
atir
iaoc
elli
fera
(Gra
y,18
47)
30–2
00m
b,ru
bx
(con
tinu
ed)
608 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ast
erin
afim
bria
taP
erri
er,1
875
0–25
0m
b,sb
,rub
xx
Ast
erin
agi
bbos
a(P
enna
nt,
1777
)0–
130
rb,r
ubx
Ast
erin
ast
elli
fera
(Moe
bius
,18
59)
0–50
mb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
Ast
erin
ides
foli
um(L
ütke
n,18
60)
0–25
6cr
,rb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
Ast
erin
ides
hart
mey
eri
(Doe
derl
ein,
1910
)0–
1rb
xx
x
Ast
erin
ides
pom
pom
(A.
M.
Cla
rk,
1983
)3–
6rb
xx
Ast
erin
opsi
spi
losa
(Per
rier
,18
81)
11–2
56m
b,sb
xx
Tre
mas
ter
mir
abil
isV
erri
ll,
1880
150–
1060
rb,r
ubx
xx
Steg
nast
erw
esse
li(P
erri
er,
1875
)0–
183
cr,r
b,sb
,rub
xx
xx
Fam
ilyA
ster
opse
idae
Por
anie
lla
echi
nula
ta(P
erri
er,
1881
)3–
339
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyC
haet
aste
rida
eC
haet
aste
rno
dosu
sPe
rrie
r,18
7530
–114
0m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilyG
aner
iidae
Cyc
ethr
ave
rruc
osa
(Phi
lipp
i,18
57)
0–50
0sb
,rub
xx
x
Gan
eria
falk
land
ica
Gra
y,18
470–
135
sb,r
ubx
xP
erkn
aste
rsl
aden
i(P
erri
er,
1891
)12
0–50
0x
x
Vem
aste
rsu
datl
anti
cus
Ber
nasc
oni,
1965
5055
–52
08x
Fam
ilyG
onia
ster
idae
Ant
heno
ides
pier
cei
Per
rier
,18
8120
–844
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Apo
llon
aste
ryu
cata
nens
isH
alpe
rn,
1970
1097
–11
75m
b,sb
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 609
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ast
roce
ram
usbr
achy
acti
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4142
0–10
67m
b,sb
xx
x
Cer
amas
ter
gren
aden
sis
(Per
rier
,18
81)
70–3
109
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
x
Cer
amas
ter
gren
aden
sis
gren
aden
sis
(Per
rier
,18
81)
200–
3109
mb
xx
x
Cer
amas
ter
gren
aden
sis
pata
goni
cus
(Sla
den,
1889
)10
6–19
2x
x
Cir
ceas
ter
amer
ican
us(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
16)
500–
1450
mb,
sbx
xx
x
Cla
dast
erru
dis
Ver
rill
,18
9915
0–90
0m
b,sb
xD
ipla
sias
ter
prod
uctu
s(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
17)
78–5
67m
b,sb
x
Flo
rias
ter
may
aD
owne
y,19
8093
3–10
24m
b,sb
x
Gon
iast
erte
ssel
latu
s(L
amar
ck,
1816
)16
–155
cr,m
b,sb
,rb
xx
xx
Hip
past
eria
falk
land
ica
Fis
her,
1940
251–
225
xx
Hip
past
eria
phry
gian
aar
gent
inen
sis
Ber
nasc
oni,
1961
108–
162
x
Lit
onot
aste
rin
term
ediu
s(P
erri
er,
1884
)19
58–
3530
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
Med
iast
erba
irdi
(Ver
rill
,188
2)64
0–15
90sb
,rb
xx
Med
iast
erpe
dice
llar
is(P
erri
er,
1881
)19
7–58
0m
b,rb
,sb
xx
x
Nym
phas
ter
aren
atus
(Per
rier
,18
81)
60–3
000
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Par
agon
aste
rgr
andi
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4125
7–54
0sb
xx
Par
agon
aste
rsu
btil
is(P
erri
er,
1881
)18
45–
4700
rb,s
bx
Paw
sona
ster
parv
us(P
erri
er,
1881
)30
–600
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
610 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Pel
tast
erpl
acen
ta(M
ülle
r&
Tro
chel
,18
42)
10–1
107
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
Pli
ntha
ster
dent
atus
(Per
rier
,18
84)
60–2
910
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ros
aste
ral
exan
dri
(Per
rier
,18
81)
60–2
940
cr,m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
Tes
sell
aste
rno
tabi
lis
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1941
329–
575
mb,
sbx
x
Tos
iapa
rva
(Per
rier
,18
81)
100–
600
xx
xF
amily
Lei
last
erid
aeL
eila
ster
radi
ans
(Per
rier
,18
81)
102–
293
sb,r
ubx
xx
Fam
ilyM
ithr
odiid
aeM
ithr
odia
clav
iger
a(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
157
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
Fam
ilia
Odo
ntas
teri
dae
Aco
dont
aste
rel
onga
tus
gran
ulif
erus
(Koe
hler
,19
12)
40–8
40sb
,rub
xx
Dip
lodo
ntia
ssi
ngul
aris
(Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1843
)0–
84rb
,sb
x
Odo
ntas
ter
peni
cill
atus
(Phi
lipp
i,18
70)
8–35
0m
b,sb
,rub
xx
Odo
ntas
ter
hisp
idus
Ver
rill
,18
8050
–116
0m
b,sb
xx
Fam
ilyO
phid
iast
erid
aeC
opid
aste
rca
vern
icol
aS
olís
-M
arín
&L
agua
rda-
Fig
uera
s,20
10
13–1
8m
bx
Cop
idas
ter
lym
ani
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1948
0–34
cr,m
b,rb
xx
xx
Hac
elia
atte
nuat
a(G
ray,
1840
)1–
150
sb,r
ubx
Hac
elia
supe
rba
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1921
91–2
00rb
xx
Lin
ckia
bouv
ieri
Per
rier
,18
750–
380
cr,r
bx
xL
inck
iagu
ildi
ngi
Gra
y,18
400–
298
cr,s
g,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 611
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Lin
ckia
nodo
saP
erri
er,
1875
0–47
5cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
Nar
ciss
iaca
nari
ensi
s(d
’Orb
igny
,18
39)
37–1
55rb
xx
Nar
ciss
iatr
igon
aria
Sla
den,
1889
37–7
50cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
x
Oph
idia
ster
alex
andr
iV
erri
ll,
1915
52–5
85x
x
Oph
idia
ster
baye
riA
.H.C
lark
,19
48in
tert
idal
rub
x
Oph
idia
ster
guil
ding
iiG
ray,
1840
0–33
0cr
,rb
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
idia
ster
ophi
dian
us(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
105
rbx
Tam
aria
flori
dae
(Per
rier
,18
81)
50–6
00rb
,sb
xx
Tam
aria
halp
erni
Dow
ney,
1971
180–
510
cr,r
b,sb
xx
x
Fam
ilyO
reas
teri
dae
Ore
aste
rre
ticu
latu
s(L
inna
eus,
1758
)0–
1500
cr,m
,rb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyP
oran
iidae
Mar
gina
ster
pect
inat
usP
erri
er,
1881
166–
450
cr,m
b,rb
,rub
xx
xx
Por
ania
(Por
ania
)an
tarc
tica
mag
ella
nica
Stu
der,
1876
18–3
20sb
,rub
xx
Por
ania
(Por
ania
)pu
lvil
lus
insi
gnis
Ver
rill
,18
9535
–680
rbx
Por
anio
psis
echi
nast
erP
erri
er,
1891
30–4
20sb
,rub
x
Por
anio
psis
mir
a(d
eL
orio
l,19
04)
0–50
0x
x
Fam
ilySo
last
erid
aeL
aetm
aste
rsp
ecta
bili
s(P
erri
er,
1881
)15
21rb
x
Lop
hast
erve
rril
liA
.H
.C
lark
,19
386–
1100
mb,
rb,s
b,ru
bx
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
612 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Sola
ster
cari
bbae
usV
erri
ll,
1915
64–8
69m
b,rb
xx
Ord
erV
elat
ida
Fam
ilyC
aym
anos
telli
dae
Cay
man
oste
lla
spin
imar
gina
taB
elya
ev,
1978
3109
–34
93m
bx
Fam
ilyK
oret
hras
teri
dae
Per
ibol
aste
rfo
llic
ulat
usSl
aden
,18
8981
–133
xx
Rem
aste
rgo
urdo
niK
oehl
er,
1912
10–5
40x
x
Rem
aste
rpa
lmat
us(P
erri
er,
1881
)29
6–58
5m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
Fam
ilyM
yxas
teri
dae
Pyt
hona
ster
mur
rayi
Sla
den,
1889
3477
x
Fam
ilyP
tera
ster
idae
Cal
yptr
aste
rco
aS
lade
n,18
8226
0–93
0x
Cal
yptr
aste
rpe
rson
atus
(Per
rier
,18
85)
2151
–65
60m
b,rb
xx
x
Dip
lopt
eras
ter
clar
kiB
erna
scon
i,19
3782
–177
x
Dip
lopt
eras
ter
verr
ucos
us(S
lade
n,18
82)
74–2
70x
Hym
enas
ter
anom
alus
Sla
den,
1882
1984
–26
06rb
x
Hym
enas
ter
pell
ucid
usT
hom
son,
1873
1784
–32
94sb
xx
Hym
enas
ter
perg
amen
tace
usSl
aden
,18
8248
46sb
xx
Hym
enas
ter
rega
lis
Ver
rill
,18
9518
57x
Hym
enas
ter
rex
Per
rier
,18
8511
39–
2285
rbx
x
Pte
rast
erab
ysso
rum
(Ver
rill
,18
95)
576–
3740
rbx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 613
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Pte
rast
erac
icul
a(D
owne
y,19
70)
196–
3713
cr,m
bx
xx
Pte
rast
eraf
finis
lebr
uni
Per
rier
,18
9174
–341
xx
Pte
rast
erca
ribb
aeus
Per
rier
,18
8127
5–82
5m
b,sb
,rub
xx
Pte
rast
ergi
bber
(Sla
den,
1882
)27
–500
xx
Pte
rast
erm
ilit
ario
ides
mil
itar
ioid
esH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4127
1–46
6m
bx
x
Pte
rast
erm
ilit
ario
ides
stoi
beH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4177
7m
bx
Pte
rast
erm
ilit
aris
(Mül
ler,
1776
)54
9–59
4x
Pte
rast
erpe
rson
atus
Sla
den,
1891
480–
1780
mb
x
Pte
rast
erru
gosu
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4191
–466
mb,
sbx
xx
Pte
rast
erst
elli
fer
Sla
den,
1882
79–2
804
xx
Ord
erSp
inul
osid
aF
amily
Ech
inas
teri
dae
Ech
inas
ter
(Ech
inas
ter)
mod
estu
sP
erri
er,
1881
60–4
75m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
x
Ech
inas
ter
(Ech
inas
ter)
sepo
situ
s(R
etzi
us,
1783
)2–
250
rb,s
g,ru
b
Ech
inas
ter
(Oth
ilia
)br
asil
iens
isM
ülle
r&
Tro
sche
l,18
42
0–36
0m
b,rb
,sb,
sgx
xx
xx
x
Ech
inas
ter
(Oth
ilia
)ec
hino
phor
us(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
55cr
,m,m
b,rb
,sb,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
Ech
inas
ter
(Oth
ilia
)gu
yane
nsis
A.
M.
Cla
rk,
1987
13–1
19m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Ech
inas
ter
(Oth
ilia
)se
ntus
(Say
,18
25)
0–17
5cr
,rb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ech
inas
ter
(Oth
ilia
)se
rpen
tari
usM
ülle
r&
Tro
sche
l,18
42
10–2
00cr
,mb,
sbx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
614 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ech
inas
ter
(Oth
ilia
)sp
inul
osus
Ver
rill
,18
691–
238
cr,m
b,sb
,rb
xx
xx
xx
Hen
rici
aan
till
arum
(Per
rier
,18
81)
192–
1390
sb,r
ubx
xx
xx
x
Hen
rici
ado
wne
yae
A.
M.
Cla
rk,
1987
342–
1037
sb,r
ubx
x
Hen
rici
aob
esa
(Sla
den,
1889
)22
–210
sb,r
ubx
xH
enri
cia
sang
uino
lent
a(O
.F.
Mül
ler,
1776
)0–
200
x
Hen
rici
ase
xrad
iata
(Per
rier
,18
81)
29–3
66sb
,rub
xx
Hen
rici
ast
uder
i(P
erri
er,1
891)
74–4
30sb
,rub
xx
Ord
erF
orci
pula
tida
Fam
ilyA
ster
iidae
Ana
ster
ias
anta
rcti
ca(L
ütke
n,18
57)
1–18
3ru
b,rb
xx
Ana
ster
ias
min
uta
Per
rier
,187
50–
100
xA
nast
eria
spe
dice
llar
is(K
oehl
er,
1923
)0–
120
xx
Ana
ster
ias
spir
abil
is(B
ell,
1881
)34
–54
x
Ast
eria
sfo
rbes
i(D
esor
,18
48)
0–61
9rb
,rub
xx
xC
osci
nast
eria
sli
near
is(P
erri
er,
1881
)36
6rb
x
Cos
cina
ster
ias
tenu
ispi
na(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
165
rb,s
b,ru
bx
xx
x
Cos
mas
teri
aslu
rida
(Phi
lipp
i,18
58)
0–65
0m
b,sb
xx
Dip
last
eria
sbr
andt
i(B
ell,
1881
)0–
450
sb,m
b,ru
bx
x
Let
hast
eria
sau
stra
lis
Fis
her,
1923
81–1
55x
x
Lys
aste
rias
perr
ieri
(Stu
der,
1885
)0–
320
x
Mar
thas
teri
asgl
acia
lis
(Lin
naeu
s,17
58)
0–18
0rb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 615
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Neo
smil
aste
rst
eine
ni(S
tude
r,18
85)
xx
Per
issa
ster
ias
poly
acan
tha
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1923
96–7
60m
b,sb
x
Psa
lida
ster
mor
dax
Fis
her,
1940
80–6
00x
x
Scle
rast
eria
sco
ntor
ta(P
erri
er,
1881
)38
4–60
7x
x
Scle
rast
eria
sta
nner
i(V
erri
ll,
1895
)x
Step
hana
ster
ias
albu
la(S
tim
pson
,18
53)
33–2
300
cr,s
gx
xx
Cor
onas
ter
bria
reus
(Ver
rill
,18
82)
50–7
00cr
,rb
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilyH
elia
ster
idae
Lab
idia
ster
radi
osus
Lüt
ken,
1871
5–20
0sb
,rub
xx
Fam
ilyP
edic
ella
ster
idae
Am
pher
aste
ral
amin
osD
owne
y,19
7125
6–30
89sb
x
Ped
icel
last
erpo
urta
lesi
iPe
rrie
r,18
8133
8–46
6m
bx
xx
Fam
ilySt
icha
ster
idae
All
osti
chas
ter
hart
ti(R
athb
un,
1879
)14
7–38
0x
Smil
aste
rias
trir
emis
Sla
den,
1889
0–27
07x
x
Fam
ilyZ
oroa
ster
idae
Cne
mid
aste
rsi
gsbe
ei(P
erri
er,
1894
)36
5–73
5m
b,sb
xx
Dor
aste
rco
nste
llat
usD
owne
y,19
7034
5–91
4m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
Mam
mas
ter
sigs
beei
(Per
rier
,18
80)
430–
613
mb
xx
Zor
oast
erfu
lgen
sT
hom
son,
1873
220–
3000
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
616 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ord
erB
risi
ngid
aF
amily
Bri
sing
idae
Bri
sing
aco
stat
aV
erri
ll,
1884
630–
1903
cr,m
b,rb
xx
x
Hym
enod
iscu
sco
rona
ta(G
.O
.S
ars,
1872
)10
0–29
04m
bx
Hym
enod
iscu
sve
rtic
illa
ta(S
lade
n,18
89)
640
rbx
Mid
gard
iaxa
ndar
osD
owne
y,19
7236
6–46
0sb
xx
Nov
odin
iaam
eric
ana
(Ver
rill
,18
80)
408–
576
mb
x
Nov
odin
iaan
till
ensi
s(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
34)
366–
2700
mb,
sbx
xx
Nov
odin
iapa
ndin
a(S
lade
n,18
89)
54–9
90rb
xx
Steg
nobr
isin
gasp
lend
ens
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1926
402–
933
xx
Fam
ilyF
reye
llida
eC
olpa
ster
scut
iger
ula
Sla
den,
1889
930–
2790
mb
xx
Fre
yast
era
mex
ican
a(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
39)
2683
–51
10rb
x
Fre
yast
era
tube
rcul
ata
(Sla
den,
1889
)33
60–
5620
x
Fre
yell
ael
egan
s(V
erri
ll,1
884)
2928
–32
94x
Fre
yell
am
icro
spin
aV
erri
ll,
1894
1848
x
Cla
ssO
phiu
roid
eaO
rder
Eur
yalid
aF
amily
Ast
eron
ychi
dae
Ast
eron
yxlo
veni
Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1842
265–
2499
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
Ast
rodi
ate
nuis
pina
(Ver
rill
,18
84)
512–
935
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 617
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Fam
ilyA
ster
osch
emat
idae
Ast
eros
chem
aar
enos
umL
yman
,18
7867
7–15
55x
x
Ast
eros
chem
abr
achi
atum
Lym
an,
1879
108–
783
crx
x
Ast
eros
chem
ael
onga
tum
Koe
hler
,19
1442
–708
cr,r
b,sb
xx
Ast
eros
chem
ain
tect
umL
yman
,18
7823
8–47
5cr
,sb
xx
Ast
eros
chem
ala
eve
(Lym
an,
1875
)42
–539
crx
xx
x
Ast
eros
chem
aol
igac
tes
(Pal
las,
1788
)12
4–52
1cr
xx
Ast
eros
chem
ate
nue
Lym
an,
1875
66–1
80x
Oph
iocr
eas
lum
bric
usL
yman
,18
6915
–600
xx
Oph
iocr
eas
oedi
pus
Lym
an,
1879
1061
–22
28cr
x
Oph
iocr
eas
spin
ulos
usL
yman
,18
8322
7–57
6cr
xx
Fam
ilyG
orgo
noce
phal
idae
Ast
erop
orpa
annu
lata
Lüt
ken,
1856
15–3
97cr
,rb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ast
erop
orpa
pulc
hra
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1915
320–
475
x
Ast
racm
em
ucro
natu
s(L
yman
,18
69)
70–5
21cr
xx
Ast
roca
neum
herr
erai
(H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1918
)0–
25cr
x
Ast
roch
ele
lym
ani
Ver
rill
,187
80–
300
xA
stro
cycl
usca
ecil
ia(L
ütke
n,18
56)
20–6
77cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
Ast
rocn
ida
isid
is(D
ucha
ssai
ng,
1850
)20
–180
crx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
618 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ast
rogo
mph
usva
llat
usL
yman
,18
6960
–800
cr,r
bx
xx
Ast
ropa
rtus
med
iter
rane
us(R
isso
,18
26)
32–2
65m
b,rb
,sb
x
Ast
roph
yton
mur
icat
um(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
508
cr,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Ast
roto
ma
agas
sizi
iL
yman
,18
7574
–100
0x
xx
Gor
gono
ceph
alus
chil
ensi
s(P
hili
ppi,
1858
)0–
500
xx
xx
Schi
zost
ella
bifu
rcat
aA
.H
.C
lark
,19
5212
–46
crx
x
Ord
erO
phiu
rida
Fam
ilyO
phio
myx
idae
Oph
iobl
enna
anti
llen
sis
Lüt
ken,
1859
1–24
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
Oph
iobr
achi
onun
cina
tus
Lym
an,
1883
457
mb
x
Oph
ioby
rsa
perr
ieri
Lym
an,
1883
527
x
Oph
ioby
rsa
serp
ens
Lym
an,
1883
51–1
26cr
,rb
xx
x
Ast
roge
ron
supi
nus
(Lym
an,
1883
)53
0–11
43x
Oph
iole
ptop
lax
bras
ilia
naT
omm
asi
&A
breu
,19
7415
–520
x
Oph
iom
yxa
brev
icau
daV
erri
ll,
1899
23–3
60m
bx
Oph
iom
yxa
flacc
ida
(Say
,18
25)
0–15
00cr
,rb,
sb,s
gx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iom
yxa
pent
agon
a(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
1060
mb,
rb,s
b,sg
,rub
x
Oph
iom
yxa
stim
pson
ii(L
yman
,18
75)
108–
472
mb
x
Oph
iom
yxa
tum
ida
Lym
an,
1883
23–6
01cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 619
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iom
yxa
vivi
para
Stu
der,
1876
0–18
3x
xx
Oph
ioph
rixu
squ
adri
spin
osus
(Koe
hler
,19
14)
265–
510
x
Oph
iopr
ium
cerv
icor
nis
(Lym
an,
1883
)x
Oph
iosc
iasm
aat
tenu
atum
Lym
an,
1878
130–
540
x
Oph
iosc
olex
disa
cant
hus
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1915
342–
549
rb,
mb
xx
Oph
iosc
olex
glac
iali
sM
ülle
r&
Tro
sche
l,18
4250
–272
7x
Oph
iosc
olex
nutr
ix(M
orte
nsen
,19
36)
xx
x
Oph
iosc
olex
serr
atus
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1900
166
sbx
Oph
iosy
zygu
sdi
saca
nthu
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
1112
7–27
8cr
,mb
x
Fam
ilyA
mph
ilepi
dida
eA
mph
ilep
isno
rveg
ica
(Lju
ngm
an,
1865
)10
0–29
00m
bx
Am
phil
epis
sanm
atie
nsis
Ber
nasc
oni
&D
’Ago
stin
o,19
75
1–14
5x
x
Am
phil
epis
teod
orae
Tom
mas
i&
Abr
eu,
1974
x
Fam
ilyA
mph
iuri
dae
Am
phil
imna
mir
abil
is(H
.L
.C
lark
,19
41)
200–
550
mb
xx
x
Am
phil
imna
oliv
acea
(Lym
an,
1869
)15
–600
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
x
Am
phio
dia
atra
(Sti
mps
on,
1852
)1.
5–10
0sb
xx
x
Am
phio
dia
guil
lerm
osob
eron
iC
aso,
1979
0.9–
3.4
sbx
(con
tinu
ed)
620 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Am
phio
dia
habi
lis
Alb
uque
rque
,C
ampo
s-C
reas
ey&
Gui
lle,
2001
34x
Am
phio
dia
plan
ispi
na(v
onM
arte
ns,
1867
)0–
578
mb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
Am
phio
dia
pulc
hell
a(L
yman
,18
69)
0–37
0cr
,mb,
rb,s
b,sg
xx
xx
xx
xx
Am
phio
dia
tryc
hna
H.L
.Cla
rk,
1918
1–16
0m
,sb,
sg,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
Am
phio
dia
viol
acea
(Lüt
ken,
1856
)x
Am
phio
plus
(Am
phio
plus
)ab
ditu
s(V
erri
ll,
1871
)6–
587
mb,
sbx
xx
x
Am
phio
plus
(Am
phio
plus
)br
asil
iens
isT
omm
asi,
1970
x
Am
phio
plus
(Am
phio
plus
)co
nior
tode
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
180–
1207
cr,m
b,rb
,sg
xx
x
Am
phio
plus
(Am
phio
plus
)se
pult
usH
endl
er,
1995
0–82
cr,m
b,rb
,sg
xx
Am
phio
plus
(Am
phio
plus
)th
rom
bode
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
180.
3–0.
6m
b,sg
x
Am
phio
plus
(Uni
oplu
s)in
cisu
s(L
yman
,18
83)
1639
xx
Am
phio
plus
albi
dus
(Lju
ngm
an,
1867
)1–
500
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
Am
phio
plus
dale
us(L
yman
,18
79)
x
Am
phio
plus
lucy
aeT
omm
asi,
1971
5–60
0sb
xx
Am
phio
plus
mat
hild
aeT
omm
asi
&A
breu
,19
740–
120
x
Am
phio
plus
pere
grin
ator
(Koe
hler
,19
12)
x
Am
phio
plus
tum
idus
(Lym
an,
1878
)70
–578
mb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 621
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Am
phip
holi
sgr
acil
lim
a(S
tim
pson
,18
52)
0–63
mb,
sbx
xx
Am
phip
holi
sja
nuar
iiL
jung
man
,18
671–
311
cr,m
b,rb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
x
Am
phip
holi
spa
chyb
acte
raH
.L
.C
lark
,19
18x
Am
phip
holi
ssq
uam
ata
(Del
leC
hiaj
e,18
28)
0–19
62cr
,m,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Am
phip
holi
ssu
btil
is(L
jung
man
,18
67)
0–13
30x
Am
phiu
ra(A
mph
iura
)ca
llid
aA
lbuq
uerq
ue,
Cam
pos-
Cre
asey
&G
uill
e,20
01
50x
Am
phiu
ra(A
mph
iura
)co
rrec
taK
oehl
er,
1907
x
Am
phiu
ra(A
mph
iura
)gr
andi
squa
ma
Lym
an,
1869
x
Am
phiu
ra(A
mph
iura
)m
agel
lani
caL
jung
man
,18
670–
400
xx
x
Am
phiu
ra(A
mph
iura
)ro
sea
Tom
mas
i&
Oli
veir
a,19
76x
Am
phiu
ra(O
phio
nem
a)in
tric
ata
Lüt
ken,
1869
1–60
0x
Am
phiu
raal
gida
Koe
hler
,191
1x
Am
phiu
rabe
lgic
aeK
oehl
er,
1900
xx
Am
phiu
rach
iaje
iF
orbe
s,18
435–
1200
xA
mph
iura
com
plan
ata
Lju
ngm
an,
1867
0–81
0x
x
Am
phiu
racr
assi
pes
Lju
ngm
an,
1867
0–60
mb,
sbx
xx
Am
phiu
rade
ichm
anni
Tom
mas
i,19
65x
Am
phiu
radi
duct
aK
oehl
er,
1914
x
(con
tinu
ed)
622 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Am
phiu
raeu
geni
aeL
jung
man
,18
670–
800
mb
xx
x
Am
phiu
rafib
ulat
aK
oehl
er,
1913
2–81
0cr
,rb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
x
Am
phiu
rafle
xuos
aL
jung
man
,18
670–
50ru
bx
x
Am
phiu
rair
acia
eT
omm
asi
&O
live
ira,
1976
x
Am
phiu
rajo
ubin
iK
oehl
er,
1912
5–38
34ru
bx
xx
Am
phiu
raki
nber
giL
jung
man
,18
723–
300
x
Am
phiu
rala
tisp
ina
Lju
ngm
an,
1867
10–5
0x
x
Am
phiu
ram
uell
eriM
arkt
anne
r-T
urne
rets
cher
,18
8713
4–60
0x
Am
phiu
raot
teri
Lju
ngm
an,
1872
198–
3200
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
Am
phiu
rapa
lmer
iL
yman
,18
825–
479
cr,r
bx
xx
x
Am
phiu
rapr
ince
psK
oehl
er,
1907
0–10
7m
b,sb
xx
xx
Am
phiu
rara
thbu
niK
oehl
er,
1914
29–5
02m
bx
x
Am
phiu
rasc
abri
uscu
la(L
ütke
n,18
59)
0–26
xx
Am
phiu
rase
mie
rmis
Lym
an,
1869
82–1
448
mb
xx
Am
phiu
rast
imps
onii
Lüt
ken,
1859
0–28
44cr
,rb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
xx
x
Mic
roph
ioph
olis
atra
(Sti
mps
on,
1852
)1–
38m
bx
xx
Mic
roph
ioph
olis
grac
illi
ma
(Sti
mps
on,
1854
)0–
26m
bx
xx
x
Mic
roph
ioph
olis
subt
ilis
(Lju
ngm
an,
1867
)x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 623
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Nud
amph
iura
carv
alho
iT
omm
asi,
1965
15–1
17x
Oph
iocn
ida
love
ni(L
jung
man
,18
67)
7–48
x
Oph
iocn
ida
scab
raL
yman
,18
7911
00x
Oph
iocn
ida
scab
rius
cula
(Lüt
ken,
1859
)0–
70cr
,rb,
sgx
xx
Oph
ione
phth
ysli
mic
ola
Lüt
ken,
1869
1–12
cr,m
,sb,
mb
xx
xx
Oph
ioph
ragm
usch
ilen
sis
(Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1843
)0–
112
xx
Oph
ioph
ragm
uscu
banu
s(A
.H
.C
lark
,19
17)
1–36
m,m
b,sg
xx
x
Oph
ioph
ragm
usfil
ogra
neus
(Lym
an,
1875
)0–
3x
x
Oph
ioph
ragm
uslu
etke
ni(L
jung
man
,18
72)
0–50
x
Oph
ioph
ragm
usm
oore
iT
hom
as,
1965
1–2
rbx
Oph
ioph
ragm
uspu
lche
rH
.L
.C
lark
,19
180.
5–33
cr,m
,mb,
sg,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ioph
ragm
usri
isei
(Lüt
ken,
1859
)1–
311
cr,m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ioph
ragm
usse
ptus
(Lüt
ken,
1859
)0.
3–11
6cr
,m,m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ioph
ragm
usw
urde
man
i(L
yman
,18
60)
2–11
cr,s
bx
xx
Oph
iost
igm
ais
ocan
thum
(Say
,18
25)
0–22
3cr
,mb,
sg,s
b,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iost
igm
asi
vaH
endl
er,
1995
0.5–
99cr
,rb
xx
xx
Fam
ilyH
emie
urya
lidae
Hem
ieur
yale
pust
ulat
aV
onM
arte
ns,
1867
128–
148
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
624 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
ioch
ondr
ella
squa
mos
a(L
yman
,18
83)
604
x
Oph
ioch
ondr
usco
nvol
utus
Lym
an,
1869
165–
720
crx
x
Oph
ioch
ondr
uscr
assi
spin
usL
yman
,18
8342
0x
Oph
ioch
ondr
usgr
acil
isV
erri
ll,
1899
198–
468
x
Oph
ioch
ondr
usst
elli
ger
Lym
an,
1879
144–
1080
xx
Sigs
beia
coni
fera
Koe
hler
,19
144–
450
mb
xx
xx
Sigs
beia
mur
rhin
aL
yman
,18
7816
–706
cr,m
bx
xx
x
Fam
ilyO
phia
cant
hida
eSu
bfam
ilyO
phia
cant
hina
eO
phia
cant
haab
yssi
cola
G.
O.
Sar
s,18
7135
–351
mb,
rub
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
affin
isK
oehl
er,
1914
366–
420
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
aris
tata
Koe
hler
,18
9582
2–17
00x
Oph
iaca
ntha
aspe
raL
yman
,18
7832
0x
Oph
iaca
ntha
bide
ntat
a(R
etzi
us,
1805
)32
–473
0cr
,mb,
rbx
xx
Oph
iaca
ntha
bras
ilie
nsis
Tom
mas
i&
Abr
eu,
1974
145–
380
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
cerv
icor
nis
Lym
an,
1883
366–
539
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
cras
side
nsV
erri
ll,
1885
980–
3120
mb
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
dens
ispi
naM
orte
nsen
,19
36x
Oph
iaca
ntha
echi
nula
taL
yman
,18
7830
4–19
58m
b,rb
,sb
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 625
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iaca
ntha
ensi
fera
(Ver
rill
,18
99)
198–
468
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
mes
embr
iaH
.L
.C
lark
,19
1525
2–11
25m
bx
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
met
alla
cta
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1915
295–
763
mb
xx
Oph
iaca
ntha
pent
acri
nus
Lüt
ken,
1869
320–
1249
xx
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
rose
aL
yman
,18
7840
2–15
38m
b,rb
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
scut
ata
Lym
an,
1878
521–
549
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
sert
ata
(Lym
an,
1869
)18
3–61
8cr
,rb
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
stel
lata
Lym
an,
1875
183
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
seto
sa(R
etzi
us,
1805
)40
–148
0sb
x
Oph
iaca
ntha
vivi
para
Lju
ngm
an,
1870
0–10
97x
xx
x
Oph
iaca
nthe
lla
tros
chel
i(L
yman
,18
78)
185–
238
cr,r
b,sb
x
Oph
ialc
aea
nutt
ingi
iV
erri
ll,
1899
366
x
Oph
iotr
eta
line
olat
a(L
yman
,18
83)
347–
521
x
Oph
iotr
eta
mix
ta(L
yman
,18
78)
338–
442
x
Oph
iotr
eta
sert
ata
(Lym
an,
1869
)29
3–56
7m
bx
x
Oph
iotr
eta
vale
ncie
nnes
iva
lenc
ienn
esi
(Lym
an,
1879
)20
0–14
40x
Oph
iotr
eta
vale
ncie
nnes
iru
fesc
ens
(Koe
hler
,18
96)
155–
1440
mb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
626 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Subf
amily
Oph
iohe
linae
Oph
iom
yces
frut
ecto
sus
Lym
an,
1869
151–
410
mb
x
Oph
iom
yces
mir
abil
isL
yman
,18
6927
0–56
0rb
x
Subf
amily
Oph
iopl
inth
acin
aeO
phio
cam
axau
ster
aV
erri
ll,
1899
198–
1045
x
Oph
ioca
max
fasc
icul
ata
Lym
an,
1883
208–
979
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ioca
max
hyst
rix
Lym
an,
1878
171–
695
mb
xx
Oph
iom
itra
orna
taV
erri
ll,
1899
201
x
Oph
iom
itra
robu
sta
Koe
hler
,19
1439
5x
Oph
iom
itra
vali
daL
yman
,18
6913
1–60
8cr
xx
Oph
iom
itre
lla
clav
iger
a(L
jung
man
,18
65)
250–
1500
x
Oph
iom
itre
lla
conf
erta
(Koe
hler
,19
22)
xx
Oph
iom
itre
lla
cord
ifer
aK
oehl
er,
1909
x
Oph
iom
itre
lla
glab
ra(H
.L
.C
lark
,19
01)
crx
x
Oph
iom
itre
lla
ingr
ata
Koe
hler
,19
08x
Oph
iom
itre
lla
laev
ipel
lis
(Lym
an,
1883
)15
5–50
7cr
xx
Oph
iopl
inth
aca
card
uus
(Lym
an,
1878
)79
6m
bx
Oph
iopl
inth
aca
chel
ys(W
yvil
le-T
hom
son,
1878
)79
5–33
05x
x
Oph
iopl
inth
aca
dips
acos
(Lym
an,
1878
)77
7x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 627
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
ioth
amnu
sex
igua
(Lym
an,
1878
)43
9x
Subf
amily
Oph
ioto
min
aeO
phio
lim
nali
ttor
alis
Koe
hler
,19
130–
63x
Oph
iopr
isti
shi
rsut
a(L
yman
,18
75)
147–
830
crx
Oph
ioto
ma
grac
ilis
(Koe
hler
,19
14)
490–
1236
mb
x
Fam
ilyO
phia
ctid
aex
Hem
ipho
lis
cord
ifer
aB
osc,
1802
0–52
0cr
,mb,
rb,s
b,ru
bx
xx
xx
x
His
tam
pica
dupl
icat
a(L
yman
,18
75)
125–
2870
cr,m
bx
xx
His
tam
pica
rugo
sa(H
.L
.C
lark
,19
41)
1125
–12
81x
Oph
iact
isab
yssi
cola
(M.
Sar
s,18
61)
125–
4000
mb,
rbx
Oph
iact
isal
gico
laH
.L
.C
lark
,19
330–
24cr
xx
x
Oph
iact
isas
peru
la(P
hili
ppi,
1858
)0–
310
xx
x
Oph
iact
isba
lli
(W.
Tho
mps
on,
1840
)30
–176
5rb
x
Oph
iact
isbr
asil
iens
isM
anso
,19
881.
5–16
3x
Oph
iact
isdi
spar
Ver
rill
,18
9962
xO
phia
ctis
ljun
gman
iM
arkt
anne
r-T
urne
rets
cher
,18
87
x
Oph
iact
islo
rica
taL
yman
,18
6919
8m
bx
Oph
iact
isly
man
iL
jung
man
,18
720–
600
rbx
Oph
iact
ism
uell
eri
Lüt
ken,
1856
14–6
7sb
xx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
628 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iact
isqu
inqu
erad
iaL
jung
man
,18
710–
640
cr,m
b,rb
,sb,
sgx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iact
isru
brop
oda
Sing
leta
ry,
1973
2–32
crx
Oph
iact
issa
vign
yi(M
ülle
r&
Tro
sche
l,18
42)
0–15
00cr
,m,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iact
isvi
rens
(M.
Sar
s,18
57)
0–90
rbx
Fam
ilyO
phio
chit
onid
aeO
phio
chit
onte
rnis
pinu
sL
yman
,18
8337
7–35
50m
b,rb
xx
xx
Oph
iopl
axcl
arim
unda
eT
omm
asi,
1970
x
Oph
iopl
axlj
ungm
ani
Lym
an,
1875
22–4
71cr
xx
x
Oph
iopl
axpa
rdal
isH
.L.C
lark
,19
4134
7x
Oph
iopl
axsp
inul
ifer
aH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4127
4–42
0x
Fam
ilyO
phio
com
idae
Oph
ioco
ma
echi
nata
(Lam
arck
,18
16)
0–18
3cr
,m,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ioco
ma
pauc
igra
nula
taD
evan
ey,
1974
0–45
5cr
,rb
xx
x
Oph
ioco
ma
pum
ila
Lüt
ken,
1859
0–36
8cr
,rb,
sgx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ioco
ma
riis
eiL
ütke
n,18
591–
2cr
xx
Oph
ioco
ma
wen
dtii
Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1842
0–38
4cr
,m,r
b,sg
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ioco
mel
laop
hiac
toid
es(H
.L
.C
lark
,19
01)
0–70
cr,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ioco
mel
lase
xrad
ia(D
unca
n,18
87)
x
Oph
ioco
min
ani
gra
(Abi
ldga
ard,
inO
.F.
Mül
ler,
1789
)
0–40
0sb
,rub
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 629
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iops
ila
aran
eaF
orbe
s,18
430–
185
sg,r
ubx
Oph
iops
ila
fulv
aL
yman
,18
7829
–320
crx
xO
phio
psil
agu
inee
nsis
Koe
hler
,19
1418
–110
x
Oph
iops
ila
hart
mey
eriK
oehl
er,
1913
1–18
3cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iops
ila
mac
ulat
a(V
erri
ll,
1899
)41
–300
0x
x
Oph
iops
ila
riis
eiL
ütke
n,18
590–
366
cr,m
,rb,
sgx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iops
ila
vitt
ata
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1918
4–15
cr,r
bx
xx
Fam
ilyO
phio
derm
atid
aeB
athy
pect
inur
ahe
ros
(Lym
an,
1879
)27
6–31
50m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iora
chne
lla
angu
lata
(Lym
an,
1883
)x
Oph
iara
chne
lla
pete
rsi
(Lym
an,
1878
)32
0–47
5x
Oph
ioco
nis
forb
esi
(Hel
ler,
1863
)20
–200
rbx
Oph
ioco
nis
mil
iari
aL
yman
,18
7844
4–75
9x
Oph
iode
rma
anit
aeH
otch
kiss
,19
82cr
,sb
x
Oph
iode
rma
appr
essa
(Say
,18
25)
0–58
0cr
,rb,
sg,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iode
rma
besn
ardi
Tom
mas
i,19
700–
600
x
Oph
iode
rma
brev
icau
dum
Lüt
ken,
1856
0–64
cr,r
b,sb
,sg
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iode
rma
brev
ispi
num
(Say
,18
25)
1–22
3cr
,m,m
b,rb
,sb,
sg,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iode
rma
cine
reum
Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1842
0–17
19cr
,m,s
b,sg
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
630 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iode
rma
diva
eT
omm
asi,
1971
x
Oph
iode
rma
ensi
feru
mH
endl
er&
Mil
ler,
1984
10–3
0cr
,rb
xx
x
Oph
iode
rma
gutt
atum
Lüt
ken,
1859
0–30
cr,r
b,ru
bx
xx
x
Oph
iode
rma
janu
arii
Lüt
ken,
1856
0–15
00cr
xx
Oph
iode
rma
long
icau
dum
(Ret
zius
,18
05)
0–20
0sg
,rub
x
Oph
iode
rma
phoe
nium
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1918
1–14
cr,r
b,sb
xx
xx
x
Oph
iode
rma
rubi
cund
umL
ütke
n,18
560–
360
cr,s
g,rb
,sb,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iode
rma
squa
mos
issi
mum
Lüt
ken,
1856
3–85
cr,r
bx
xx
x
Oph
iopa
epal
ego
esia
naL
jung
man
,18
7210
1–43
6cr
,mb,
sbx
xx
Oph
iuro
chae
tali
ttor
alis
(Koe
hler
,19
13)
1–11
0cr
,sb
x
Fam
ilyO
phio
nere
idid
aeO
phio
nere
isdo
labr
ifor
mis
John
&A
.M
.C
lark
,19
5410
–93
cr,m
bx
x
Oph
ione
reis
oliv
acea
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1901
0–50
0cr
,m,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ione
reis
reti
cula
ta(S
ay,
1825
)0–
1500
cr,m
,rb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ione
reis
sexr
adia
Mor
tens
en,
1936
18–1
30x
Oph
ione
reis
squa
mul
osa
Koe
hler
,19
130.
5–11
0cr
,sb,
rb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ione
reis
vitt
ata
Hen
dler
,19
9510
–126
crx
xx
x
Fam
ilyO
phio
tric
hida
eO
phio
thel
ada
nae
Ver
rill
,18
69x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 631
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iotr
icho
ides
lym
ani
Lud
wig
,18
82x
Oph
ioth
rix
(Oph
ioth
rix)
ails
aeT
omm
asi,
1970
x
Oph
ioth
rix
(Oph
ioth
rix)
trin
dade
nsis
Tom
mas
i,19
70x
Oph
ioth
rix
angu
lata
(Say
,18
25)
0.5–
540
cr,m
,mb,
rb,s
b,sg
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ioth
rix
angu
lata
viol
acea
(Mül
ler
&T
rosc
hel,
1842
)x
Oph
ioth
rix
brac
hyac
tis
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1915
1–6
cr,r
b,ru
bx
xx
xx
Oph
ioth
rix
cim
arH
endl
er,
2005
0–10
cr,s
gx
x
Oph
ioth
rix
frag
ilis
(Abi
ldga
ard,
1789
)0–
1250
rb,s
g,ru
bx
Oph
ioth
rix
line
ata
Lym
an,
1860
0–74
cr,r
bx
xx
xx
x
Oph
ioth
rix
luet
keni
Wyv
ille
-T
hom
son,
1873
50–5
00rb
,sb,
rub
x
Oph
ioth
rix
mac
ulat
aL
jung
man
,18
7211
4–41
0x
Oph
ioth
rix
oers
tedi
iL
ütke
n,18
560–
31cr
,sb,
mb,
sg,r
b,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ioth
rix
pall
ida
Lju
ngm
an,
1871
183
x
Oph
ioth
rix
plat
yact
isH
.L
.C
lark
,19
3941
rbx
Oph
ioth
rix
rath
buni
Lud
wig
,18
828–
600
x
Oph
ioth
rix
stri
Hen
dler
,20
050–
10cr
xx
Oph
ioth
rix
suen
soni
iL
ütke
n,18
560–
1000
cr,m
,mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
ioth
rix
syno
ecin
aS
chop
pe,
1996
0–5
rbx
(con
tinu
ed)
632 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Fam
ilyO
phiu
rida
eSu
bfam
ilyO
phio
lepi
dina
eA
mph
ipho
lizo
nade
lica
taH
.L
.C
lark
,19
1515
–600
mb
xx
Oph
iole
pis
ails
aeH
endl
er&
Tur
ner,
1987
156–
353
x
Oph
iole
pis
eleg
ans
Lüt
kens
,18
591–
329
cr,m
,mb,
rb,s
b,sg
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iole
pis
gem
ma
Hen
dler
&T
urne
r,19
872–
139
cr,r
b,sb
xx
x
Oph
iole
pis
impr
essa
Lüt
ken,
1859
0–15
00cr
,rb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Oph
iole
pis
kier
iH
endl
er,
1979
2–8
sgx
xx
Oph
iole
pis
pauc
ispi
na(S
ay,
1825
)0–
37cr
,m,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iole
pis
paw
soni
Hen
dler
,19
8824
.4x
Oph
ioli
pus
agas
sizi
iL
yman
,18
7814
6–31
0rb
x
Oph
iom
idas
dubi
us(L
yman
,18
78)
158–
272
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mac
ufer
umL
yman
,18
7576
–575
cr,m
b,rb
xx
xx
Oph
iom
usiu
man
aeli
sae
Tom
mas
i&
Abr
eu,
1974
180–
260
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mco
nstr
ictu
mM
orte
nsen
,19
36x
Oph
iom
usiu
meb
urne
umL
yman
,18
6935
–347
7cr
,mb,
sbx
xx
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mle
ptob
rach
ium
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1941
1249
–15
18sb
xx
Oph
iom
usiu
mlü
tken
iL
yman
,18
7819
0–27
8rb
,sb
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mly
man
iTho
mso
n,18
7362
–470
0m
b,rb
,sb,
rub
xx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 633
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iom
usiu
mm
icro
poru
mH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4134
7–53
0x
Oph
iom
usiu
mm
onil
ifor
me
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1941
1125
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mpl
anum
Lym
an,
1879
368–
4062
rb,s
bx
Oph
iom
usiu
msc
ulpt
umV
erri
ll,
1899
475
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mse
rrat
umL
yman
,18
7852
0–31
03rb
,sb
xx
Oph
iom
usiu
mst
ella
tum
Ver
rill
,18
9935
6–52
1x
Oph
iom
usiu
mte
stud
oL
yman
,18
7560
–914
cr,r
b,sb
xx
x
Oph
iom
usiu
mva
lidu
mL
jung
man
,18
7210
8–27
32cr
,mb
xx
x
Oph
iopl
ocus
janu
arii
(Lüt
ken,
1856
)0–
180
rb,s
b,ru
bx
xx
Oph
iosp
halm
aar
mig
erum
(Lym
an,
1878
)26
2–40
24rb
,sb
xx
x
Oph
iosp
halm
ady
scri
tum
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1941
512–
713
x
Oph
iosp
halm
am
onop
lax
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1915
376–
746
x
Oph
ioth
yreu
sgo
esii
Lju
ngm
an,
1872
144–
540
crx
xx
Oph
iozo
nell
acl
ypea
ta(L
yman
,18
83)
158–
272
x
Oph
iozo
nell
afa
lkla
ndic
aM
orte
nsen
,19
36x
x
Oph
iozo
nell
agr
anul
ifer
aH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4110
06–
1098
rb,s
bx
x
Oph
iozo
nell
am
arm
orea
Lym
an,
1883
484–
1385
x
Oph
iozo
nell
am
oles
ta(K
oehl
er,
1904
)21
15x
(con
tinu
ed)
634 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iozo
nell
ani
vea
(Lym
an,
1875
)70
–124
9rb
,sb
xx
x
Oph
iozo
nell
ate
ssel
lata
(Lym
an,
1879
)32
0–47
5x
Subf
amily
Oph
iole
ucin
aeO
phio
stri
atus
stri
atus
(Mor
tens
en,
1933
)27
0–35
00x
Oph
iern
usad
sper
sus
adsp
ersu
sL
yman
,18
8368
–365
0m
b,rb
xx
x
Oph
iole
uce
depr
essu
m(L
yman
,18
69)
585
x
Oph
iopy
ren
long
ispi
nus
Lym
an,
1878
329
x
Oph
iost
riat
usat
lant
icus
(Mor
tens
en,
1933
)29
6–39
6m
bx
Subf
amily
Oph
iuri
nae
Am
phio
phiu
ram
etab
ula
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1915
274–
1830
mb,
sbx
xx
Am
phio
phiu
raoe
dign
atha
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1915
284–
944
mb
xx
x
Am
phio
phiu
raor
nata
(Lym
an,
1878
)x
Ant
hoph
iura
ingo
lfiF
asm
er,
1930
21–1
200
crx
Oph
iam
bix
deva
neyi
Pat
erso
n,19
8514
6–49
4m
bx
Oph
ioct
enam
itin
umL
yman
,18
7846
–545
xx
x
Oph
iom
astu
sm
erid
iona
lis
(Lym
an,
1879
)x
Oph
iom
astu
ssa
teli
tae
Tom
mas
i&
Abr
eu,
1974
115–
600
x
Oph
iom
astu
sse
cund
usL
yman
,18
7810
8–20
35m
b,sb
xx
x
Oph
iom
isid
ium
pulc
hell
um(W
yvil
le-T
hom
son,
1878
)11
–306
1cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 635
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iom
isid
ium
spec
iosu
mK
oehl
er,
1914
880–
1636
mb
xx
Oph
iom
isid
ium
tom
mas
iiB
orge
s,M
onte
iro
&A
mar
al,
2006
250–
808
x
Oph
iopl
eura
iner
mis
(Lym
an,
1878
)17
86x
Oph
iopl
inth
usab
ysso
rum
(Lym
an,
1883
)33
8–36
6x
Oph
iopl
inth
usin
orna
ta(L
yman
,18
78)
54–3
384
xx
Oph
iopl
inth
usm
arte
nsi
(Stu
der,
1885
)x
Oph
ioph
ycis
mir
abil
isK
oehl
er,
1901
x
Oph
iura
acer
vata
(Lym
an,
1869
)20
–190
0cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
x
Oph
iura
cari
nife
ra(K
oehl
er,
1901
)40
0x
Oph
iura
carn
eaL
ütke
n,18
5840
–126
0m
b,sb
xO
phiu
racl
emen
s(K
oehl
er,
1904
)x
Oph
iura
falc
ifer
a(L
yman
,18
69)
73–1
037
mb
xx
Oph
iura
fall
axC
herb
onni
er,
1959
20–8
42m
b,sb
xx
Oph
iura
grub
eiH
elle
r,18
6310
–350
mb,
sb,r
ubx
Oph
iura
(Oph
iuro
glyp
ha)
irro
rata
conc
reta
(Koe
hler
,19
01)
600–
4315
mb,
sbx
Oph
iura
(Oph
iuro
glyp
ha)
irro
rata
irro
rata
(Lym
an,
1878
)
x
Oph
iura
ljun
gman
i(L
yman
,18
78)
46–6
398
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
Oph
iura
lym
ani
(Lju
ngm
an,
1871
)0–
463
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
636 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Oph
iura
ophi
ura
(Lin
naeu
s,17
58)
0–30
0m
b,sb
x
Oph
iura
sars
i(L
ütke
n,18
55)
82–8
27m
bx
Oph
iura
scom
baP
ater
son,
1985
358–
3943
rb,s
bx
Oph
iura
tene
ra(L
yman
,18
83)
158–
500
mb
xO
phiu
rast
erpe
riss
usH
.L.
Cla
rk,
1939
x
Cla
ssE
chin
oide
aO
rder
Cid
aroi
daF
amily
Cid
arid
aeA
ustr
ocid
aris
cana
licu
lata
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
63)
1–42
4x
x
Aus
troc
idar
islo
riol
i(M
orte
nsen
,19
03)
160–
1081
x
Aus
troc
idar
issp
inul
osa
Mor
tens
en,
1910
124–
641
xx
Cal
ocid
aris
mic
ans
(Mor
tens
en,
1903
)33
–624
mb,
rb,s
bx
x
Cid
aris
abys
sico
la(A
.Aga
ssiz
,18
69)
225–
375
mb,
rb,s
bx
Cid
aris
blak
ei(A
.A
gass
iz,
1878
)27
0–72
0m
b,rb
xx
Cid
aris
cida
ris
(Lin
naeu
s,17
58)
50–2
000
mb
xx
Cid
aris
rugo
sa(H
.L
.C
lark
,19
07)
40–5
40m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
Euc
idar
istr
ibul
oide
str
ibul
oide
s(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
1500
cr,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
His
toci
dari
snu
ttin
giM
orte
nsen
,19
2622
5–74
0m
b,rb
,sb
xx
His
toci
dari
spu
rpur
ata
(Wyv
ille
-Tho
mso
n,18
72)
300–
1800
x
His
toci
dari
ssh
arre
ri(A
.A
gass
iz,
1880
)20
0–
740
rb,s
bx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 637
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ster
eoci
dari
sin
golfi
ana
Mor
tens
en,
1903
300–
1745
mb,
rb,s
bx
x
Styl
ocid
aris
affin
is(P
hili
ppi,
1845
)22
–100
0cr
,mb,
rb,s
b,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
x
Styl
ocid
aris
line
ata
Mor
tens
en,
1910
20–1
717
cr,m
b,rb
,sb,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
Tre
toci
dari
sba
rtle
tti
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
80)
48–1
089
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyR
habd
icid
arid
aeP
oroc
idar
ispu
rpur
ata
(Wyv
ille
-Tho
mso
n,18
72)
640–
782
rb,s
bx
x
Ord
erE
chin
othu
rioi
daF
amily
Ech
inot
huri
idae
Ara
eoso
ma
bell
iM
orte
nsen
,19
0313
0–10
20m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
Ara
eoso
ma
fene
stra
tum
(Tho
mso
n,18
72)
16–1
180
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
Cal
veri
osom
ahy
stri
x(W
yvil
le-
Tho
mso
n,18
72)
360–
2545
mb,
sbx
xx
Hyg
roso
ma
pete
rsii
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
80)
200–
3700
mb,
sbx
xx
Pho
rmos
oma
plac
enta
plac
enta
Tho
mso
n,18
7250
–370
0m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Pho
rmos
oma
plac
enta
sigs
bei
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
8020
0–18
00m
bx
x
Sper
osom
agr
imal
dii
Koe
hler
,18
9730
0–23
00x
Ord
erD
iade
mat
oida
Fam
ilyA
spid
odia
dem
atid
aeA
spid
odia
dem
aja
coby
iA
.A
gass
iz,
1880
170–
720
cr,m
b,rb
xx
xx
xx
Asp
idod
iade
ma
tons
umA
.A
gass
iz,
1879
180–
925
x
Ple
siod
iade
ma
anti
llar
um(A
.A
gass
iz,
1880
)68
4–31
11m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
Fam
ilyD
iade
mat
idae
Ast
ropy
gam
agni
fica
A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1934
5–89
cr,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
638 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ast
ropy
ganu
ptia
lis
Tom
mas
i,19
581–
20x
Cen
tros
teph
anus
besn
ardi
Ber
nasc
oni,
1955
x
Cen
tros
teph
anus
long
ispi
nus
(Phi
lipp
i,18
45)
10–1
000
cr,m
b,rb
,sb,
rub
xx
x
Cen
tros
teph
anus
long
ispi
nus
rubi
cing
ulus
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1921
33–8
42sb
,rub
xx
x
Dia
dem
aan
till
arum
anti
llar
um(P
hili
ppi,
1845
)0–
800
cr,m
,rb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Dia
dem
aas
cens
ioni
sM
orte
nsen
,19
091–
400
x
Ord
erP
edin
oida
Fam
ilyP
edin
idae
Cae
nope
dina
cube
nsis
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
6922
0–12
00m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
Ord
erSa
leni
oida
Fam
ilySa
leni
idae
Sale
nia
goes
iana
Lov
én,
1874
90–8
42rb
xx
Sale
noci
dari
spr
ofun
di(D
unca
n,18
77)
200–
3700
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
Sale
noci
dari
sva
risp
ina
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
6925
0–30
15m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
xx
Ord
erA
rbac
ioid
aF
amily
Arb
aciid
aeA
rbac
iadu
fres
nii
(Bla
invi
lle,
1825
)0–
340
rb,r
ubx
xx
Arb
acia
lixu
la(L
inna
eus,
1758
)0–
50rb
,sb
xx
Arb
acia
punc
tula
ta(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
225
cr,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
x
Coe
lopl
euru
sflo
rida
nus
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
7160
–238
0cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
x
Hab
roci
dari
ssc
utat
a(A
.A
gass
iz,
1880
)92
0–14
00x
Pod
ocid
aris
scul
pta
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
698–
780
cr,m
b,rb
,sb
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 639
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ord
erC
amar
odon
taF
amily
Par
echi
nida
eL
oxec
hinu
sal
bus
(Mol
ina,
1782
)30
–340
rb,r
ubx
x
Par
acen
trot
usga
imar
di(B
lain
vill
e,18
25)
1–5
x
Par
acen
trot
usli
vidu
s(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
80rb
,sg
x
Psa
mm
echi
nus
mic
rotu
berc
ulat
us(B
lain
vill
e,18
25)
x
Ord
erT
emno
pleu
roid
aF
amily
Tem
nopl
euri
dae
Gen
ocid
aris
mac
ulat
aA
.A
gass
iz,
1869
12–5
00cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
x
Pse
udec
hinu
sm
agel
lani
cus
(Phi
lipp
i,18
57)
1–36
1rb
,rub
xx
x
Tri
gono
cida
ris
albi
daA
.A
gass
iz,
1869
70–7
20cr
,rb,
sbx
xx
Fam
ilyT
oxop
neus
tida
eL
ytec
hinu
sca
llip
eplu
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
1222
–357
rb,s
bx
x
Lyt
echi
nus
euer
ces
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1912
40–7
77m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
Lyt
echi
nus
vari
egat
usca
roli
nus
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
630–
250
rb,s
b,ru
b,sg
x
Lyt
echi
nus
vari
egat
usva
rieg
atus
(Lam
arck
,18
16)
0–58
0cr
,mb,
rb,s
b,sg
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Lyt
echi
nus
wil
liam
siC
hesh
er,
1968
3–25
6cr
,rb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
Pse
udob
olet
iaoc
cide
ntal
isH
.L
.C
lark
,19
2169
–155
x
Spha
erec
hinu
sgr
anul
aris
(Lam
arck
,18
16)
3–10
0rb
x
Tox
opne
uste
spi
leol
us(L
amar
ck,
1816
)0–
35cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
(con
tinu
ed)
640 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Tri
pneu
stes
vent
rico
sus
(Lam
arck
,18
16)
0–84
2cr
,rb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ord
erE
chin
oida
Fam
ilyE
chin
idae
Ech
inus
escu
lent
usL
inne
aeus
,17
5810
–289
rbx
Ech
inus
tylo
des
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1912
350–
760
sbx
Gra
cile
chin
usgr
acil
is(A
.A
gass
iz,
1869
)69
–457
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
Ster
echi
nus
agas
sizi
iM
orte
nsen
,19
1024
–470
xx
Ster
echi
nus
neum
ayer
i(M
eiss
ner,
1900
)13
–250
x
Fam
ilyE
chin
omet
rida
eE
chin
omet
ralu
cunt
erlu
cunt
er(L
inna
eus,
1758
)0–
45cr
,rb,
sg,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ech
inom
etra
viri
dis
A.A
gass
iz,
1863
0–40
cr,m
,rb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ord
erH
olec
typo
ida
Fam
ilyE
chin
onei
dae
Ech
inon
eus
cycl
osto
mus
Les
ke,
1778
0.5–
585
cr,m
b,rb
,sb,
sg,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ord
erC
lype
aste
roid
aF
amily
Cly
peas
teri
dae
Cly
peas
ter
aloy
sioi
(Bri
to,
1959
)x
Cly
peas
ter
ches
heri
Ser
afy,
1970
18–1
01cr
,mb,
sbx
xx
xx
Cly
peas
ter
cycl
opil
usH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4169
–460
sbx
x
Cly
peas
ter
eucl
astu
sH
.L
.C
lark
,19
4136
–530
cr,m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
Cly
peas
ter
lam
prus
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1914
78–4
50cr
,mb,
sbx
xx
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 641
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Cly
peas
ter
luet
keni
Mor
tens
en,
1948
9–55
sbx
x
Cly
peas
ter
oliv
eira
iK
rau,
1952
50sb
xC
lype
aste
rpr
ostr
atus
Rav
enel
,18
4815
–75
sbx
xx
x
Cly
peas
ter
rave
neli
iA
.A
gass
iz,
1869
20–2
78m
b,sb
xx
x
Cly
peas
ter
rosa
ceus
(Lin
naeu
s,17
58)
0–28
5sb
,sg
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Cly
peas
ter
spec
iosu
sV
erri
ll,
1870
x
Cly
peas
ter
subd
epre
ssus
(Gra
y,18
25)
1–21
0m
b,rb
,sb,
sg,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
x
Fam
ilyE
chin
ocya
mid
aeE
chin
ocya
mus
gran
dipo
rus
Mor
tens
en,
1907
99–2
500
mb,
sbx
xx
x
Ech
inoc
yam
usm
acro
stom
usM
orte
nsen
,19
0717
0–22
86sb
xx
Ech
inoc
yam
uspu
sill
us(M
ülle
r,17
76)
0–12
50sb
,rub
x
Fam
ilyM
ellit
idae
Enc
ope
aber
rans
Mar
tens
,18
6713
–32
sbx
Enc
ope
emar
gina
ta(L
eske
,17
78)
0–60
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
x
Enc
ope
mic
heli
niL
.A
gass
iz,
1841
0–24
0sb
,sg
xx
x
Leo
dia
sexi
espe
rfor
ata
(Les
ke,
1778
)0–
180
sb,s
g,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Mel
lita
quin
quie
sper
fora
ta(L
eske
,17
78)
0–18
0m
b,sb
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Mel
lita
quin
quie
sper
fora
tala
tiam
bula
cra
(H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1840
)
0–10
sbx
Mel
lita
tenu
isH
.L.C
lark
,194
00–
3sb
,rub
xO
rder
Cas
sidu
loid
aF
amily
Cas
sidu
lidae
(con
tinu
ed)
642 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Cas
sidu
lus
cari
baea
rum
Lam
arck
,18
010.
5–19
7sb
xx
xx
Cas
sidu
lus
infid
usM
orte
nsen
,19
483.
5x
Cas
sidu
lus
mit
isK
rau,
1954
1–45
xE
urho
dia
reli
cta
Moo
i,19
9069
–155
xF
amily
Ech
inol
ampa
dida
eC
onol
ampa
ssi
gsbe
i(A
.A
gass
iz,
1878
)13
0–80
0m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
x
Ech
inol
ampa
sde
pres
saG
ray,
1851
37–3
66sb
xx
x
Ord
erH
olas
tero
ida
Fam
ilyP
ourt
ales
iidae
Pou
rtal
esia
mir
anda
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
6945
0–58
50x
Ord
erSp
atan
goid
aF
amily
Ast
eros
tom
atid
aeA
rcha
eopn
eust
eshy
stri
x(A
.A
gass
iz,
1880
)22
–161
0m
bx
xx
x
Fam
ilyB
riss
idae
Ana
bris
sus
dam
esi
(A.A
gass
iz,
1881
)64
0x
Bri
ssop
sis
alta
Mor
tens
en,
1907
181–
329
mb,
sbx
Bri
ssop
sis
atla
ntic
aM
orte
nsen
,19
0718
–641
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Bri
ssop
sis
atla
ntic
am
edit
erra
nea
Mor
tens
en,
1913
37–3
200
mb
xx
xx
Bri
ssop
sis
elon
gata
elon
gata
Mor
tens
en,
1907
3–27
0m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
Bri
ssus
unic
olor
(Les
ke,
1778
)0–
250
mb,
rb,s
b,ru
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xL
inop
neus
tes
long
ispi
nus
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
78)
55–7
20m
bx
xx
xx
Meo
ma
vent
rico
save
ntri
cosa
(Lam
arck
,18
16)
0.3–
293
cr,m
b,sb
,rb,
sg,r
ubx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Neo
pneu
stes
mic
rast
eroi
des
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
78)
148–
330
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 643
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Pal
aeob
riss
ushi
lgar
diA
.A
gass
iz,
1880
150–
1025
mb
xx
Pal
eopn
eust
escr
ista
tus
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
7369
–805
cr,m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
x
Pal
eopn
eust
esjo
seph
inae
Lov
én,
1872
350–
436
x
Pal
eopn
eust
esth
olof
orm
isC
hesh
er,
1968
90–5
25cr
,mb
xx
Pla
giob
riss
usgr
andi
s(G
mel
in,
1788
)1–
210
sb,s
gx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Ple
thot
aeni
aan
gula
ris
Che
sher
,19
6856
7–57
0m
b,sb
x
Ple
thot
aeni
asp
atan
goid
es(A
.A
gass
iz,
1883
)11
7–61
9m
b,sb
xx
x
Rha
bdob
riss
usco
stae
(Gas
co,
1876
)25
–200
mb,
sbx
Rhy
nobr
issu
scu
neus
Coo
ke,
1957
0–10
sbx
Fam
ilyH
emia
ster
idae
Hol
anth
usex
perg
itus
(Lov
én,
1874
)38
0–48
33m
b,sb
xx
x
Fam
ilyL
oven
iidae
Ech
inoc
ardi
umco
rdat
um(P
enna
nt,
1777
)0–
230
sbx
x
Fam
ilyM
aret
iidae
Hom
olam
pas
frag
ilis
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
69)
350–
3550
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
Hom
olam
pas
love
nioi
des
Mor
tens
en,
1948
910
x
Fam
ilyP
rena
ster
idae
Tri
pylu
sex
cava
tus
Phi
lipp
i,18
4550
–113
xx
Fam
ilySc
hiza
ster
idae
Aba
tus
agas
sizi
i(P
feff
er,
1889
)75
–970
xA
batu
sca
vern
osus
(Phi
lipp
i,18
45)
1–67
6m
b,sb
xx
Aba
tus
phil
ippi
iL
ovén
,18
7171
–225
xx
(con
tinu
ed)
644 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ace
ste
bell
idif
era
Tho
mso
n,18
7711
6–52
20sb
xx
x
Aga
ssiz
iaex
cent
rica
A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
6927
–900
cr,m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Bri
sast
erfr
agil
is(D
üben
&K
oren
,18
46)
x
Bri
sast
erm
osel
eyi
(A.
Aga
ssiz
,18
81)
401–
1100
x
Hyp
sela
ster
lim
icol
us(A
.A
gass
iz,
1878
)27
–340
mb,
sbx
xx
Moi
raat
ropo
scl
otho
Mic
heli
n,18
550–
445
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Ova
cana
life
rus
(Lam
arck
,18
16)
9–10
0m
b,sb
x
Tri
pyla
ster
phil
ippi
i(G
ray,
1851
)13
–595
xx
Schi
zast
erdo
eder
lein
i(C
hesh
er,
1972
)9–
220
mb,
sbx
xx
xx
xx
x
Schi
zast
erflo
ridi
ensi
s(C
hesh
er,
1972
)12
–65
sbx
xx
xx
xx
Schi
zast
eror
bign
yanu
sA
.A
gass
iz,
1880
22–5
00m
b,sb
xx
xx
Fam
ilySp
atan
gida
eSp
atan
gus
purp
ureu
s(M
ülle
r,17
76)
15–9
00m
b,sb
,rub
x
Cla
ssH
olot
huro
idea
Ord
erD
endr
ochi
roti
daF
amily
Cuc
umar
iidae
Asl
iale
fevr
ei(B
arro
is,
1882
)6–
25rb
xC
lado
dact
yla
croc
ea(L
esso
n,18
30)
0–43
00m
b,rb
,sb,
rub
xx
suri
nam
ensi
s(S
empe
r,18
68)
0–5
rb,s
gx
xx
xx
xx
Cuc
umar
iam
anoe
lina
Tom
mas
i,19
71x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 645
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Dua
smod
acty
lase
guro
ensi
s(D
eich
man
n,19
30)
0–50
cr,r
b,sb
,sg
xx
xx
Eut
hyon
acta
soli
da(D
eich
man
n,19
30)
1.5–
183
rb,s
bx
x
Hem
ioed
ema
spec
tabi
lis
(Lud
wig
,18
82)
2–16
0m
b,sb
x
Het
eroc
ucum
isgo
deffr
oyi
(Sem
per,
1868
)0–
379
sb,r
ubx
Het
eroc
ucum
isst
eine
ni(L
udw
ig,
1898
)0–
400
rbx
x
Lep
tope
ntac
tade
ichm
anna
eD
oman
tay,
1958
17–3
7m
b,sb
,rub
xx
Neo
cnus
incu
bans
Che
rbon
nier
,19
720–
5rb
x
Ocn
usbr
azil
iens
is(V
erri
ll,
1868
)0–
2x
Ocn
uspy
gmae
us(T
héel
,18
86)
0–72
cr,r
b,sb
,rub
xx
xx
Ocn
ussu
spec
tus
(Lud
wig
,18
74)
0–18
74rb
,sg
xx
xx
xx
x
Par
acol
ochi
rus
mys
ticu
s(D
eich
man
n,19
30)
69–1
55x
Paw
soni
asa
xico
la(B
rady
&R
ober
tson
,18
71)
4–13
0rb
x
Pen
tact
apy
gmae
a(T
héel
,18
86)
0.6–
1.7
xx
Pse
udoc
nus
dubi
osus
leon
inus
(Sem
per,
1868
)0–
340
mb,
rb,s
bx
x
Pse
udoc
nus
corn
utus
(Che
rbon
nier
,19
41)
135–
189
xx
Pse
udoc
nus
perr
ieri
(Ekm
an,
1927
)0–
197
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
Pse
udro
tasf
erm
icro
incu
bato
rB
ohn,
2007
271–
290
x
Ster
eode
rma
unis
emit
a(S
tim
pson
,18
51)
31.1
–40
.2x
Thy
onel
lage
mm
ata
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1851
)0–
64cr
,rb,
sb,m
b,sg
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
646 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Thy
onel
lape
rvic
ax(T
héel
,18
86)
9–67
rb,s
bx
xx
Thy
onel
lasa
bani
llae
nsis
(Dei
chm
ann,
1930
)2–
30sb
xx
x
Tra
chyt
hyon
ecr
assi
peda
Che
rbon
nier
,19
61x
Tra
chyt
hyon
ele
chle
ri(L
ampe
rt,
1885
)0–
30x
Tra
chyt
hyon
epa
rva
(Lud
wig
,18
74)
0–18
0m
b,rb
,sb
xx
Tra
chyt
hyon
epe
ruan
a(S
empe
r,18
68)
90–1
59x
x
Fam
ilyP
hyllo
phor
idae
Hav
eloc
kia
iner
mis
(Hel
ler,
1868
)0.
5–60
xx
Neo
thyo
nidi
umpa
rvum
(Lud
wig
,18
81)
0–3
sgx
xx
x
Pen
tam
era
chil
oens
is(L
udw
ig,
1887
)0–
111
sb,r
ubx
Pen
tam
era
pulc
herr
ima
Ayr
es,
1854
0–60
mb
xx
x
Phy
llop
horu
s(U
rode
mel
la)
occi
dent
alis
(Lud
wig
,18
75)
0–99
cr,r
b,sg
xx
xx
xx
Stol
usco
gnat
us(L
ampe
rt,
1885
)0–
38m
b,rb
,sb,
sgx
xx
xx
x
Thy
one
cogn
ata
(Lam
pert
,18
85)
xx
Thy
one
deic
hman
nae
Mad
sen,
1941
6–36
6sg
x
Thy
one
fusu
s(M
ülle
r,17
76)
5–61
5m
b,sb
,rub
xT
hyon
em
onto
uche
tiT
omm
asi,
1971
x
Thy
one
paw
soni
Tom
mas
i,19
726–
51sb
xx
x
Thy
one
pseu
dofu
sus
Dei
chm
ann,
1930
0.5–
46rb
,sb,
sg,r
ubx
xx
xx
x
Thy
one
tany
spei
raP
awso
n&
Mil
ler,
1988
51–1
70m
bx
x
Fam
ilyP
solid
ae
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 647
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Lis
soth
uria
anti
llen
sis
Paw
son,
1967
1–17
cr,r
bx
xx
Lis
soth
uria
braz
ilie
nsis
(Thé
el,
1886
)0–
2x
x
Neo
psol
idiu
mco
nver
gens
(Her
ouar
d,19
01)
0–20
rbx
x
Pso
lidi
umdo
rsip
esL
udw
ig,
1886
0–48
3rb
xx
Pso
lus
anta
rcti
cus
Phi
lipp
i,18
5735
–108
0rb
x
Pso
lus
mar
cusi
Tom
mas
i,19
7195
rbx
Pso
lus
pata
goni
cus
Ekm
an,
1925
0–43
0rb
xx
x
Pso
lus
squa
mat
us(K
oren
,18
44)
7–20
7rb
,rub
xx
Pso
lus
tube
rcul
osus
Thé
el,
1886
73–2
43x
x
Pso
lus
vict
oria
eT
omm
asi,
1971
x
Fam
ilySc
lero
dact
ylid
aeE
uthy
onid
iell
ade
ntat
aC
herb
onni
er,
1961
xx
Eut
hyon
idie
lla
dest
icha
da(D
eich
man
n,19
30)
0–7
mb,
rb,s
b,sg
xx
xx
x
Eut
hyon
idie
lla
trit
a(S
luit
er,
1910
)0–
100
rbx
xx
Pse
udot
hyon
ebe
lli
(Lud
wig
,18
86)
0–37
mb,
rb,s
b,sg
xx
xx
xx
Scle
roda
ctyl
abr
iare
us(L
esue
ur,
1824
)15
x
Ord
erD
acty
loch
irot
ida
Fam
ilyY
psilo
thur
iidae
Ech
inoc
ucum
isas
perr
ima
(Thé
el,
1886
)43
–723
x
Ech
inoc
ucum
ishi
spid
a(B
arre
t,18
56)
50–1
000
x
(con
tinu
ed)
648 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Yps
ilot
huri
ata
lism
ani
tali
sman
iP
erri
er,
1886
270–
2684
mb
xx
Ord
erA
spid
ochi
roti
daF
amily
Hol
othu
riid
aeA
ctin
opyg
aag
assi
zii
(Sel
enka
,18
67)
0–54
cr,r
b,sg
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Cys
tipu
s)cu
bana
Lud
wig
,18
750–
8cr
,mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Cys
tipu
s)oc
cide
ntal
isL
udw
ig,
1875
0–45
7m
b,sb
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Cys
tipu
s)ps
eudo
foss
orD
eich
man
n,19
303–
370
cr,m
b,sb
,rub
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Hal
odei
ma)
flori
dana
Pour
talè
s,18
510–
10cr
,m,r
b,sb
,sg,
rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Hal
odei
ma)
gris
eaSe
lenk
a,18
670–
30cr
,mb,
rb,s
b,sg
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Hal
odei
ma)
mex
ican
aL
udw
ig,
1875
0–18
3cr
,m,m
b,rb
,sb,
sgx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Hol
othu
ria)
daka
rens
isPa
nnin
g,19
390–
15m
b,sb
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Hol
othu
ria)
hell
eri
Mar
enze
ller
,18
7815
sb,r
ubx
Hol
othu
ria
(Hol
othu
ria)
mam
mat
aG
rube
,18
401–
77rb
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Hol
othu
ria)
tubu
losa
Gm
elin
,17
880–
30m
b,sb
,sg
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Pla
type
rona
)pa
rvul
a(S
elen
ka,
1867
)0–
8cr
,m,m
b,rb
,sb,
rub
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Pla
type
rona
)ro
wei
Paw
son
&G
ust,
1981
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Pla
type
rona
)sa
ncto
riD
elle
Chi
aje,
1823
0–30
rbx
Hol
othu
ria
(Pan
ning
othu
ria)
fors
kali
Del
leC
hiaj
e,18
233–
193
rbx
Hol
othu
ria
(Row
eoth
uria
)ar
guin
ensi
sK
oehl
er&
Van
ey,
1906
0–30
rbx
Hol
othu
ria
(Row
eoth
uria
)po
lii
Del
leC
hiaj
e,18
230–
250
mb,
sb,s
gx
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 649
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Hol
othu
ria
(Sem
pero
thur
ia)
suri
nam
ensi
sL
udw
ig,
1875
0–42
cr,m
,mb,
rb,s
b,sg
,rub
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Sel
enko
thur
ia)
glab
erri
ma
Sele
nka,
1867
0–42
mb,
rb,s
bx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(The
elot
huri
a)pr
ince
psS
elen
ka,
1867
0–40
2cr
,mb,
rb,s
b,sg
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Thy
mio
syci
a)ar
enic
ola
Sem
per,
1868
0–12
1cr
,m,m
b,sb
,sg
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Thy
mio
syci
a)im
pati
ens
(For
skaa
l,17
75)
0–27
.4cr
,mb,
rb,s
b,sg
xx
xx
xx
x
Hol
othu
ria
(Thy
mio
syci
a)ra
thbu
nii
Lam
pert
,18
85x
Hol
othu
ria
(Thy
mio
syci
a)th
omas
iPa
wso
n&
Cay
cedo
,19
80
0–30
crx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Van
eyot
huri
a)le
ntig
inos
avo
nM
aren
zell
er,
1892
20–4
66m
b,rb
,sb
xx
xx
Hol
othu
ria
(Van
eyot
huri
a)le
ntig
inos
aen
odis
Mil
ler
&Pa
wso
n,19
79
69–4
66cr
,mb
x
Fam
ilySt
icho
podi
dae
Ast
icho
pus
mul
tifid
us(S
luit
er,
1910
)1–
162
cr,r
b,sb
,sg
xx
xx
xx
Eos
tich
opus
arne
soni
Cut
ress
&M
ille
r,19
8236
sbx
x
Eos
tich
opus
rega
lis
(Cuv
ier,
1817
)5–
800
mb,
sb,s
g,ru
bx
x
Isos
tich
opus
badi
onot
us(S
elen
ka,
1867
)0–
274
cr,m
b,rb
,sb,
sgx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Isos
tich
opus
mac
ropa
rent
hese
s(H
.L
.C
lark
,19
22)
0–18
rbx
x
Par
asti
chop
ustr
emul
us(G
unne
rus,
1767
)20
–196
0m
b,sb
x
Fam
ilySy
nalla
ctid
aeA
mph
igym
nas
baha
men
sis
Dei
chm
an,
1930
439–
900
mb
xx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
650 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Bat
hypl
otes
bige
low
iD
eich
man
n,19
4040
2–58
5m
bx
Bat
hypl
otes
nata
ns(M
.S
ars,
1868
)Ö
ster
gren
,18
9621
0–16
00cr
,mb
xx
Bat
hypl
otes
pour
tale
si(T
héel
,18
86)
134–
2919
mb
xx
x
Han
seno
thur
iabe
nti
Mil
ler
&Pa
wso
n,19
8954
8–90
3cr
,sb
x
Mes
eres
atla
ntic
us(R
.P
erri
er,
1902
)x
Mes
eres
occu
ltat
us(v
onM
aren
zell
er,
1893
)23
2–21
80m
bx
Mes
othu
ria
conn
ecte
ns(P
erri
er,
1898
)19
75–
2515
x
Mes
othu
ria
garg
antu
aD
eich
man
n,19
3018
0–72
0m
bx
Mes
othu
ria
inte
stin
alis
(Asc
aniu
s,18
05)
18–1
445
mb
xx
Mes
othu
ria
(Zyg
othu
ria)
lact
ea(T
héel
,18
86)
484–
5100
mb
xx
xx
Mes
othu
ria
mar
occa
naP
erri
er,
1902
914–
5062
mb
xx
Mes
othu
ria
(Mes
othu
ria)
rugo
saH
erou
ard,
1912
151–
3890
mb
x
Mes
othu
ria
(Pen
ichr
othu
ria)
verr
illi
(Thé
el,
1886
)69
9–40
60m
bx
xx
x
Mol
padi
odem
asde
pres
sus
(Her
ouar
d,19
02)
1353
–56
90x
Pae
lopa
tide
sgi
gant
ea(V
erri
ll,
1884
)11
00–
4060
x
Pse
udos
tich
opus
occu
ltat
usM
eren
zell
er,
1893
232
mb,
sbx
Pse
udos
tich
opus
peri
patu
s(S
luit
er,
1901
)34
11–
3459
x
Scot
othu
ria
herr
ingi
Han
sen,
1978
x
Syna
llac
tes
cruc
ifer
aP
erri
er,
1898
1000
–34
76m
bx
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 651
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Ord
erE
lasi
podi
daF
amily
Dei
mat
idae
Dei
ma
vali
dum
vali
dum
Thé
el,
1879
914–
2780
mb
xx
x
Orp
hnur
gus
aspe
rT
héel
,18
8260
0–10
49m
bx
Fam
ilyE
lpid
iidae
Pen
iago
nepu
rpur
ea(T
héel
,18
82)
2800
–30
00x
Fam
ilyP
elag
othu
rida
eE
nypn
iast
esex
imia
Thé
el,1
882
461–
689
xF
amily
Psy
chro
poti
dae
Ben
thod
ytes
ling
uaP
erri
er,
1896
540–
2200
mb
xx
Ben
thod
ytes
sang
uino
lent
aT
héel
,18
8291
4–31
00m
bx
xx
Ben
thod
ytes
typi
caT
héel
,18
8231
5–50
46m
bx
xx
x
Ben
thod
ytes
vald
ivia
eH
anse
n,19
75x
Psy
chro
pote
sde
pres
sa(T
héel
,18
82)
955–
4060
mb
xx
Psy
chro
pote
slo
ngic
auda
Thé
el,
1882
2210
–50
00x
Psy
chro
pote
ssc
otia
e(V
aney
,19
08)
x
Psy
chro
pote
sse
mpe
rian
aT
héel
,18
8211
43–
5600
xx
Ord
erM
olpa
diid
aF
amily
Cau
dini
dae
Aca
udin
am
olpa
dioi
des
(Sem
per,
1867
)35
45–
3635
mb
x
Par
acau
dina
chil
ensi
sch
ilen
sis
(Mül
ler,
1850
)0–
990
mb,
sb,r
ubx
xx
Fam
ilyM
olpa
diid
ae
(con
tinu
ed)
652 Appendix
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Mol
padi
aba
rbou
riD
eich
man
,19
4044
0–15
29m
bx
x
Mol
padi
abl
akei
(Thé
el,
1886
)34
82–
3518
mb
xx
Mol
padi
acu
bana
Dei
chm
ann,
1940
24–1
464
mb
xx
x
Mol
padi
ael
tani
nae
Paw
son,
1977
20–8
55x
x
Mol
padi
am
uscu
lus
Ris
so,1
826
35–5
205
mb
xx
xx
xx
xM
olpa
dia
ooli
tica
(Pou
rtal
ès,
1851
)42
–144
0m
bx
Mol
padi
apa
rva
(Thé
el,
1886
)12
5–28
44m
bx
xx
x
Ord
erA
podi
daF
amily
Chi
rido
tida
eC
hiri
dota
mar
enze
ller
iR
.Pe
rrie
r,19
0440
–159
mb,
rub
xx
Chi
rido
taro
tife
ra(P
ourt
alès
,18
51)
0–36
0cr
,rb,
sb,s
gx
xx
xx
xx
Tae
niog
yrus
cont
ortu
s(L
udw
ig,
1875
)82
–200
mb,
sbx
x
Tro
chod
ota
purp
urea
(Les
son,
1830
)0–
100
sb,r
ubx
x
Fam
ilySy
napt
idae
Ana
pta
fall
axL
ampe
rt,
1889
0–35
0sb
,rub
xx
Epi
tom
apta
rose
ola
(Ver
rill
,18
74)
1.5–
40rb
,sb
xx
x
Eup
atin
apta
acan
thia
(A.
H.
Cla
rk,
1899
)10
.7x
Eua
pta
lapp
a(M
ülle
r,18
50)
0–25
6cr
,rb,
sb,s
gx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
Lep
tosy
napt
abr
asil
iens
isFr
eire
&G
rohm
ann,
1989
1–4
x
Lep
tosy
napt
aim
swe
Paw
son,
1976
0–2
x
Lep
tosy
napt
ain
haer
ens
(Mül
ler,
1776
)0–
173
mb
x
(con
tinu
ed)
Appendix 653
Tab
leA
.2(c
onti
nued
)D
epth
(m)
Hab
itat
ME
XB
EL
GU
AH
ON
NIC
CR
CP
AN
CO
LV
EN
cV
EN
aB
RA
UR
GA
RG
MA
VC
UB
HA
IR
DO
PR
IC
AN
Lep
tosy
napt
am
ulti
gran
ula
H.
L.
Cla
rk,
1924
0.5–
2.9
sbx
x
Lep
tosy
napt
ana
nnop
lax
Paw
son,
1976
x
Lep
tosy
napt
apa
rvip
atin
aH
.L
.C
lark
,19
249–
12x
Lep
tosy
napt
aro
seog
radi
aPa
wso
n,19
760.
5x
Lep
tosy
napt
ate
nuis
(Ayr
es,
1851
)0.
5–16
7x
x
Pro
tank
yra
bene
deni
(Lud
wig
,18
81)
5–10
0x
x
Pro
tank
yra
bryc
hia
(Ver
rill
,18
85)
x
Pro
tank
yra
ram
iurn
aH
edin
g,19
280–
18m
b,rb
,sb,
sgx
x
Syna
ptul
ahy
drif
orm
is(L
esue
ur,
1824
)0–
10cr
,m,s
b,sg
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
Syna
ptul
ase
cret
aA
ncon
a-L
opez
,19
571–
10x
Hab
itat
clas
sifi
cati
on:
crC
oral
Ree
fs,
mm
angr
oves
,m
bm
uddy
bott
om,
rbro
cky
bott
om,
sbsa
ndy
bott
om,
sgse
agra
ss,
rub
rubb
lebo
ttom
.C
ount
ries
abbr
evia
tion
:M
EX
Mex
ico,
BE
LB
eliz
e,G
UA
Gua
tem
ala,
HO
NH
ondu
ras,
NIC
Nic
arag
ua,
CR
CC
osta
Ric
a,P
AN
Pan
ama,
CO
LC
olom
bia,
VE
Nc
Ven
ezue
laC
arib
bean
,V
EN
aV
enez
uela
Atl
anti
c,B
RA
Bra
zil,
UR
GU
rugu
ay,
AR
GA
rgen
tina
,M
AV
Mal
vina
sIs
land
s,C
UB
Cub
a,H
AI
Hai
ti,
RD
OD
omin
ican
Rep
ubli
c,P
RI
Pue
rto
Ric
o,C
AN
Can
ary
Isla
nds
654 Appendix
Index
AAbatus, 375, 379Abundance, 6, 18, 28, 30, 372Acanthasther planci, 28Albatross, 15, 70, 110, 132, 136, 157, 189,
365, 406, 442Allan Hancock, 15, 71, 111, 190Allometric scaling, 202, 205Allostichaster, 367, 369, 382Amphiura, 26, 28, 167, 235, 247, 319–321,
368, 374Amplaster, 353Anasterias, 367, 369, 371, 382, 384, 385Anchialine, 27Ancon, 278Aquaculture, 3, 6, 48, 99, 132, 173Arbacia, 19, 25, 71, 82, 131, 240, 243, 256,
288, 289, 309, 326, 368, 375, 388, 451,494, 497, 501Astropecten articulatus
Archipelago, 92, 108, 149Argentina, 2, 4, 346, 365Argentine Continental Shelf, 360Argentine Province, 367Argentine Sea, 360, 364, 366Astropecten, 18, 23, 25, 26, 36, 39, 71, 93, 98,
167, 172, 173, 192, 241, 242, 263, 265,291, 315–317, 324, 369, 373, 381, 458,492, 495
Astropecten articulatus, 93, 265, 413, 458Astropecten duplicates, 265, 413, 458Athyonidium chilensis, 285, 294, 297Atlantis, 408, 414Azores, 479, 481Aztecs, 4, 39, 40
BBarren, 483–485, 504Belize, 87, 88Bernasconi, Irene, 5, 360Biodiversity, 12, 24, 45, 145, 191Bioerosion, 30, 88Biomass, 33, 43, 172, 208Bocas del Toro, 18, 70, 73, 108Boulder, 84, 169, 199Brazil, 2, 6, 126, 305Brazilian Province, 351, 496Brazilian Current, 345, 351
CCabo Verde, 481, 482, 495Caenocentrotus gibbosus, 195, 206, 289Cahuita, 81Canary Islands, 6Caño Island, 88CARICOMP, 81, 82Caso, Ma. Elena, 5, 6, 16Central America, 80Centrostephanus coronatus, 19, 29, 170, 195,
206, 259, 285Cherbonier, 4, 5, 442Chile, 4, 187, 281, 387Clypeaster rosaceus, 82, 122, 255, 256,
413, 416Cóbanos, Los, 84Cocos Island, 88Coelomocyte types, 208Colombian Museum of Marine Natural History
(MHNMC), 156
J. J. Alvarado and F. A. Solís-Marín (eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversityin Latin America, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20051-9,� Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
655
Cosmasterias, 369, 373, 381, 382, 388Conservation, 45, 46, 75, 221Coral Reefs, 6, 25, 77, 110Costa Rica, 68, 71, 79, 93, 515Culebra Island, 120, 439, 458Ctenantedon kinziei, 75, 154, 161
DDeep azooxanthellate coral
communities, 164, 167Diadema antillarum, 26, 32, 80, 93, 113, 126,
136, 145, 154, 162, 173, 240, 262, 409,413, 414, 442, 446, 448, 460, 464,483, 530
Diadema aff. antillarum, 82Diadema mexicanum, 29, 31, 33, 83, 159, 192,
195, 215, 528Disease, 34, 134, 210, 262Distribution, 6, 18, 32Diversity, 18Dominican Republic, 6
EEarthquake, 262Echinometra lucunter, 26, 32, 79, 83, 90, 93,
113, 122, 162, 240, 256, 308, 413, 444,459, 464, 465
Echinometra vanbrunti, 19, 24, 29, 31, 36, 39,83, 84, 93, 159, 170, 172, 183, 191,195, 206, 208, 223, 289, 528
Echinometra viridis, 80, 87, 88, 113, 154, 240,444, 528
Ecoregion, 37, 38Eco-regionalization, 416Ecozone, 13, 416–418, 421Ecuador, 132, 184, 186, 203El Hierro, 474, 475, 501El Niño, 88El Salvador, 2, 67, 71, 84, 93Encope grandis, 26, 128Encope micropora, 24, 183, 205, 206, 212, 291Endemism, 26, 38, 92, 284, 515Equatorial front, 185Eucidaris thouarsii, 29, 31, 84, 170, 191,
289, 528Eucidaris galapagensis, 183, 192, 195, 200,
201, 213–215, 221, 223Eucidaris tribuloides, 25, 26, 80, 93, 154, 254,
324, 411, 461, 465Eulimids, 214Euapta lappa, 26, 413, 416, 462, 530Extinction, 44, 125, 221
FFerrol, 278Fisheries, 6Fission, 197–199, 369, 371Florida Museum of Natural
History (FLMNH)Fossil, 80French Guiana, 4, 156, 516
GGalapagos, 18Glycosides, 382Gorgona, 131, 49, 153, 157Gran Canaria, 475, 482Gulf of California, 13, 15, 18Gulf of Chiriqui, 109, 110, 117, 130Gulf of Fonseca, 68, 71, 84Gulf of Mexico, 32Gulf of Nicoya, 68, 71, 80Gulf of Panama, 69, 109, 112, 120, 131Guyana, 4, 156, 442
HHaiti, 6, 87Heavy metals, 96, 263, 413Heliaster helianthus, 285, 288, 384Hispabiota Marina Project, 431Hispaniola, 2, 427, 440Holothuria, 15, 19, 24–26, 31, 35, 36, 44, 82,
84, 86, 90, 93, 97, 119, 131, 132, 154,155, 168, 170–172, 175, 191, 192, 198,199, 210, 217, 218, 242, 289, 291, 294,309, 322, 323
Holothuria atra, 154, 195, 199Holothuria glaberrima, 173, 245, 450, 451Holothuria theeli, 86, 191, 198, 199,
217, 294Holothuria (Thymiosycia) thomasiHonduras, 80, 82, 87Huatulco, 154, 462Hydro-physical stress, 413
IImmune response, 208, 223, 310, 455INVEMAR, 148, 153, 164Isostichopus badionotus, 44, 86, 119, 132, 172,
242–246, 324Isostichopus fuscus, 19, 24, 31, 33, 35, 36, 42,
93, 97, 172, 192, 196–199, 210, 217,219, 223, 292, 297
Isthmus, 68, 123, 129, 533
656 Index
JJohnson-Smithsonian Deep-Sea
Expedition, 435
LLa Gomera, 474, 475La Niña, 208La Parguera, 440, 447, 449Larval abundance, 444, 447, 463Larval biology, 198Leptopentacta deichmannae, 235, 247Loxechinus albus, 288, 294, 296, 2978, 375,
377, 378Lytechinus variegatus, 25, 32, 80, 86, 113,
154, 164, 234, 235, 240, 244, 258, 309,411, 414, 444, 445, 461, 464
Lytechinus semituberculatus, 192, 195, 201,202, 216, 288
Luidia, 18, 23, 25, 26, 32, 71, 98, 172, 173,194, 207, 243, 263, 288, 291, 305, 316,324, 360, 369, 373, 382, 384, 492,493, 528
Luidia senegalensis, 413, 415, 305
MMacaronesian, 481, 483Madeira, 125, 481, 483Magellanic Province, 364Magueyes, 443, 448Malpelo, 149, 153, 157, 160Malvinas (Falkland) Current, 303Mangrove, 12, 77, 119Marine Biodiversity Information System
(SIBM), 147, 156Marine Science Collection of Department of
Marine Sciences (MSC), 443Mexico, 6, 8Molecular evolution, 455Monophoraster, 352, 353Mortality, 87Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), 430Museum of Natural Sciences
of Berlin (ZMB), 430
NNational Museum of Natural History of Santo
Domingo (MNHNSD), 430Nicaragua, 2, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 81–83, 86, 93,
97, 98Nidorellia armata, 172, 192, 291Norcross-Bartlett, 429
OOphiocoma, 24, 26, 79, 90Ophioplocus, 320, 374Ophiothrix, 348, 492, 494Oreaster reticulatus, 4, 433, 434, 494
PPaita, 278, 281, 284, 288Paleontology, 252, 95Panama, 2, 5, 6, 38, 67, 68, 70, 73, 79, 81, 82,
87, 92, 93, 98, 107–110, 112–114,117–120, 122–133, 135–137, 147, 149,156, 157, 257, 465, 515, 516, 533, 536
Paracas, 278, 280, 288, 289, 294Parasitism, 210, 214Paraster doederleini, 82Parastichopus parvimensis, 33, 35, 46Parish-Smithsonian, 429Patagonian, 351, 364, 371, 374, 380–382, 387,
388, 516Pattalus mollis, 285, 297Pearl Islands, 109, 112, 128Peru, 2, 4, 6, 92, 132, 157, 277, 278, 280-284,
288, 289, 291, 292, 294, 296–298,515–517, 524, 92
Pharia pyramidata, 170, 191Phataria unifascialis, 28, 29Phylogenetic, 89, 120, 202Phylogeography, 126Physiology, 90, 120, 244, 450Phytoplankton, 16, 406Platasterias, 26, 207, 544Predation, 183, 210, 213Programa EcoMar, 431Pseudechinus, 308, 375, 381Pseudocnus, 288Psolidium, 292Puerto Rico, 2, 6, 427, 431, 439, 441–444,
447, 449, 450, 456–462, 464–466
RRecruitment, 115, 444Regeneration, 452, 453Reproduction, 35, 89, 120, 243, 373, 375,
443, 446Reproductive cycles, 120Río de la Plata, 345, 346, 350, 351, 360, 362,
364, 515Rosario Corals, and San Bernardo Islands
National Natural Park (PNNCRSB),154, 161, 167
RVBlake, 442
Index 657
RV John Elliot Pillsbury, 429, 430RV Oregon, 73, 112RV Stranger, 429
SSalvajes, 481Samanco, 278, 288San Andrés and Providencia, 147–149, 164San Blas, 70, 108, 113, 114, 119, 133, 134, 202Seagrass, 163Sechura, 278, 288Settlement, 444, 446, 448Speciation, 127Spawning, 41, 369, 372, 378, 379, 444Spicule, 86, 219Stichaster striatus, 297Stichopus horrens, 198Surinam, 4Sustainable production, 4, 156
TTayrona National Natural Park, 154, 161Tenerife, 474, 475, 481, 483, 492, 501, 502Te Vega, 72
Tethyaster vestitus vestitus, 32, 80, 82Tetrapygus niger, 4Thalassia testudinum, 433Toxopneustes roseus, 114, 129Trench, 68, 238, 248, 251, 441Tripneustes depressus, 130, 414, 433Tripneustes ventricosus, 26, 82, 240, 444Trophic cascade, 213, 500
UUNAM, 15, 16, 47, 48, 410Upwelling, 148, 187, 189, 235, 236, 238, 248,
251, 281, 304Uruguay, 2, 6, 317, 345–351, 353, 354, 362,
365, 516Urracá, 71, 112
VVieques island, 439, 458
ZZaca, 111
658 Index