ecg or ekg sample strips (ms cardiovascular)

ECG or EKG Strips

Premature Ventricular Contraction

Rhythm Irregular

Rate The underlying rate

P Wave Absent

PR Interval Not measurable

QRS Wide (> 0.10 sec), bizarre appearance

NotesTwo PVCs together are termed a couplet while three PVCs in a row with a fast rhythm is ventricular tachycardia

Sinus Tachycardia

Rhythm Regular

Rate Fast (> 100 bpm)

P Wave Normal, may merge with T wave at very fast rates

PR Interval Normal (0.12-0.20 sec)

QRS Normal (0.06-0.10 sec)

Notes QT interval shortens with increasing heart rate

Sinus Bradycardia

Rhythm Regular

Rate Slow (< 60 bpm)

P Wave Normal



Notes

Sinus Arrhythmia

Rhythm Irregular, varying with respiration

Rate Normal (60-100 bpm) and rate may increase during inspiration

P Wave Normal



NotesHeart rate frequently increases with inspiration, decreasing with expiration

Atrial DysrhythmiasPremature Atrial Contraction

Rhythm Irregular

Rate Usually normal but depends on underlying rhythm

P Wave Premature, positive and shape is abnormal

PR Interval Normal or longer

QRS 0.10 sec or less

Notes

Atrial Flutter

Rhythm Regular or irregular

Rate Fast (250-350 bpm) for Atrial, but ventricular rate is often slower

P Wave Not observable, but saw-toothed flutter waves are present

PR Interval Not measureable


Notes

Atrial Fibrillation

Rhythm Irregular

RateVery fast (> 350 bpm) for Atrial, but ventricular rate may be slow, normal or fast

P Wave Absent - erratic waves are present

PR Interval Absent

QRS Normal but may be widened if there are conduction delays

Notes

Ventricular DysrhythmiasPremature Ventricular Contraction

Rhythm Irregular


P Wave Absent



NotesTwo PVCs together are termed a couplet while three PVCs in a row with a fast rhythm is ventricular tachycardia

Premature Ventricular Contraction: Bigeminy

Rhythm Irregular


P Wave Absent



Notes PVC appears every second beat

Premature Ventricular Contraction: Quadrigeminy

Rhythm Irregular


P Wave Absent



Notes PVC appears every fourth beat

Premature Ventricular Contraction: Trigeminy

Rhythm Irregular


P Wave Absent



Notes PVC appears every third beat

Ventricular Tachycardia

Rhythm Regular

Rate Fast (100-250 bpm)

P Wave Absent


QRS Wide (>0.10 sec), bizarre appearance

NotesVentricular tachycardia can be monomorphic (form of each QRS is similar), or polymorphic (QRS forms vary)

Ventricular Fibrillation

Rhythm Highly irregular

Rate Unmeasurable

P Wave Absent


QRS None

Notes EKG tracings is a wavy line

AV BLOCKS:First Degree AV Block

Rhythm Regular


P Wave Normal

PR Interval Prolonged (>0.20 sec)


Notes A first-degree AV block is actually a delay rather than a block

Second Degree AV Block: Type I (Mobitz I or Wenckebach)

Rhythm Irregular but with progressively longer PR interval lengthening


P Wave Normal

PR Interval Progressively longer until a QRS complex is missed, then cycle repeats

QRS Normal (0.06-0.10 sec) (No QRS complex)

Notes

Second Degree AV Block: Type II (Mobitz II)

Rhythm Regular (atrial) and irregular (ventricular)

RateCharacterized by Atrial rate usually faster than ventricular rate (usually slow)

P Wave Normal form, but more P waves than QRS complexes

PR Interval Normal or prolonged

QRS Normal or wide

Notes

Third Degree AV Block

Rhythm Regular, but atrial and ventricular rhythms are independent

Rate Characterized by Atrial rate usually normal and faster than ventricular rate

P Wave Normal shape and size, may appear within QRS complexes

PR Interval Absent: the atria and ventricles beat independently.

QRS Normal, but wide if junctional escape focus

Notes

ecg or ekg sample strips (ms cardiovascular)

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