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1Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
ECE 322 Electronics I
Fall - 2019
Tejasvi Anand
Oregon State University
2Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
Action Item
▪ Review
- Circuit analysis: ENGR 201/202/203
▪ KVL, KCL, Thevenin, etc.
3Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
Organization and Policies
▪ Class Website (lecture notes, HW, etc will be posted)
https://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~anandt/ECE322_Fall_2019/
▪ No laptops in class (exception: taking notes)
▪ No late HWs accepted
▪ No makeup exam/quiz
▪ Previous year quiz and exams are posted on the
website
– Exception: medical emergency
Let’s Begin!
4Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
Electronic Gadgets and Devices
5Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
Inside a Cell Phone and Integrated Circuits
Rx. Tx.
CL
K
0.6
mm
1.2mm
1750µm
95
0µ
m
PLLLUT
Tx
4x
PIBBPD
3x 16:1
Demux
CDRPRBS
Checker
PR
BS
Ge
n.
Temp.
Sensor
iPhone 5SiPhone 11
6Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
History of Integrated Circuits (IC)
▪ 1926: Lilienfield: “Method and apparatus for controlling electric
currents” Modern day FET
▪ Dec. 1947: Bardeen, Shockley, & Brattain at AT&T Bell Labs
create the first point-contact germanium transistor
▪ 1950: Shockley invents the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
▪ Late 1950’s: Silicon BJTs
▪ 1958/59: Invention of the IC
▪ 1962: Hofstein and Heiman at RCA research labs invent the
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET)
▪ Yesterday: MOSFETs with typical feature size 14nm (Intel 6th gen
core i7 processor)
▪ Now - 7nm
▪ Future 5nm, 2nm, 1nm …. Carbon nano tubes….
7Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
First Integrated Circuits (IC)
▪ Kilby at TI demonstrates first integration in Germanium
▪ Files patent in 1959
▪ Noyce of Fairchild files patent for the IC in July 1959
▪ Forms the basis of modern day ICs
▪ 1960’s early part – legal battle over who invented the IC first
Fairchild started in 1957 by Noyce
▪ Noyce, Gordon Moore, & Andrew Grove started a company in
1968 called Integrated Electronics Corp. - the modern day Intel
▪ Intel builds microprocessors
▪ 1972: Intel 4004 – 2300 transistors,10µm feature size
▪ 1974: Intel 8080 – 4500 transistors, 6µm feature size
▪ 2000: Intel Pentium 4 – 42M transistors, 0.18µm feature size
▪ 2007: Intel Core i7 – 731M transistors, 45nm feature size
▪ 2012: Intel 62-Core Xeon Phi – 5B transistors, 22nm feature size
▪ 2015: Intel Core i7 (6th gen) – ? transistors, 14nm feature size
8Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
Exponential Phase of Science with ICs
Source: Time Magazine
9Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
Moore’s Law
Source: AnandTech
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This Course is on Microelectronics
Focus Area: Analog Circuits
11Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
Why Analog in the Era Digital IC
▪ Physical world is Analog
▪ Example: Audio signal, video signal, temperature, pressure,
microwave
▪ Digital systems cannot operate in vacuum
Digital
Processor
Analog Interface
12Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
Sensing and Actuation Example
▪ Sense acceleration
▪ Deploy air bag if de-acceleration exceeds threshold
Digital
Processor
Sensor ADC
DAC
Analog Interface
Actuator
13Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
All Sensing and Control
▪ Analog sensor (continuous time information)
▪ Digitize analog information using an Analog to Digital Converter
(ADC)
▪ Process signal in digital domain using a processor (DSP)
▪ Convert back to analog domain using a Digital to Analog
Converter (DAC) for control
Digital
Processor
Signal ADC
DAC
Analog Interface
Actuator
14Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I
▪ Semiconductor devices
– Diode
– Bipolar junction transistor (BJT)
– Metal oxide semiconductor field effect
transistor (MOSFET)
▪ Applications in the design of analog circuits
– Rectifiers
– Amplifiers
Course Content