ece 2221 signals and systemsstaff.iium.edu.my/sigit/ece2221/pdf/00 course introduction.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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E C E 2 2 2 1
S I G N A L S A N D S Y S T E M S
ECE 2221 Signals and Systems, Sem 3 2010/2011, Dr. Sigit Jarot
1
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Outline
� Course Objectives
� Learning Outcomes
� Course Synopsis
� Text and Supporting Books
� Course Instructor, Contact Info, Schedule
� Assessment and Previous Data
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Course Objectives
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 3
To provide an analysis skill of the continuous-time signals and systems as reflected to their roles in
engineering practice.
To expose students to both the time-domain and frequency-domain methods of analyzing signals and systems.
To illustrate the potential applications of this course as a Pre-requisite course to communication engineering and principles,
digital signal processing and control system.
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OBE (Outcome Based Education)Learning Outcomes
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 4
Classify, characterize and conduct basic operations of signals and systems.
Analyze continuous-time signals and systems in time domain using convolution.
Analyze continuous-time signals and systems in frequency domain using Laplace transform.
Analyze continuous-time signals and systems in frequency domain using Fourier series and Fourier transform.
Acquire introductory-level knowledge of discrete-time signals and systems, and sampling theory.
Work in group to perform basic simulation of signals and systems analysis.
After completion of this course the students will be able to:
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Course Synopsis
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 5
Introduction to Signals
Introduction to Systems
Time-Domain Analysis of Continuous-Time Systems
Frequency-Domain System Analysis: the Laplace Transform
MID-TERM Examination
Signals Analysis using the Fourier Series
Signals Analysis using the Fourier Transform
Introduction to Discrete Time Signals and Systems Analysis
FINAL Examination
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Text Book and Recommended Books
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 6
Required:- A.J. Stuller (2008). An Introduction to Signals and Systems,
Thomson.
Recommended:� Lathi BP. (2004), Linear Systems and Signals, Oxford.� Lathi BP. (2000), Signal Processing and Linear Systems, Oxford.� Oppenheim (1996), Signals and Systems , Prentice-Hall.� Haykin S (2002), Signals and Systems, John-Wiley.� Hsu H (1995), Schaum’s Outlines Signals and Systems 2nd Edition,
McGrawHill.� Karu Z (1995), Signals and Systems Made Ridiculously Simple, McGrawHill.
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New Books with Matlab
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 7
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Inspiring Message from Imam Shafii
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 8
IntelligenceIntelligenceIntelligenceIntelligence
Strong WillStrong WillStrong WillStrong Will
DiligenceDiligenceDiligenceDiligence
PatiencePatiencePatiencePatience
Sufficient MeansSufficient MeansSufficient MeansSufficient Means
Befriend Your TeacherBefriend Your TeacherBefriend Your TeacherBefriend Your Teacher
You will not acquire knowledge unless you have 6 (SIX) THINGS
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Course Instructor
Sigit JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 9
� Name : DR. Sigit Puspito Wigati Jarot� Email : [email protected] Ext:4534� Office : E1-2.13.12
� Education Background:� 1994-1998 B.Eng, Keio University, Japan� 1998-2000 M.Eng, Keio University, Japan� 2000-2003 PhD, Keio University, Japan
� Professional Experience:� 2000-2003 Research Associate Broadband Mobile Research Project, Keio University
� 2003-2008 Member of Research Staff Nokia Research Center, Japan
� Feb 2008 Assistant Professor IIUM, Engineering, Dept ECE
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Contact Info
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 10
� Name : DR. Sigit Puspito Wigati Jarot
� Email : [email protected] [email protected]
� Web : http://staff.iium.edu.my/sigit/
� Yahoo-ID : spwjarot
� Skype-ID : sigitjarot
� Phone : 03-6196-4534
� Mobile : 013-339-5160
� Office : E1.2.12-13 (near the Kulliyah Office)
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Method of Evaluation
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 11
Quizzes15% Assignments
10%
Mid-term Exam25%
Final Exam50%
Evaluation
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Method of Evaluation
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 12
Quizzes
Assignments
Mid-term Exam
Final Exam
• small check points• once per chapter• sometimes without pre-announcement
• exposure of basic problems exercises• exposure of simulation exercises• once per chapter• cooperation is highly encouraged
• a major check point • once per semester• good chance to obtain high CAM
depth & critical
• the last check point & positioning• 80% of course outline• 60-70% after midterm• 30-40-30% distribution;
• 30% easy: general concept• 40% moderate: relevant topics• 30% difficult: in-depth & critical
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Average Marks in Previous Semesters
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 13
Sem 2 - 07/08
Sem 3 - 07/08
Sem 1 - 08/09
Sem 2 - 08/09
MAX
0
50
100
8
7.6
5.8
4.52
10
16
15.2
14.6
15.17
20
16.2
20.5
21.1
13.35
30
22.1
16.4
21.2
16.6740
Quiz Assign Mid Final
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Marks Distributions
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 14
A0%
A-4%
B+3%
B11%
B-20%
C+21%
C20%
D7%
D-14%
08/09 Sem 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
A A- B+ B B- C+ C D D-
A, 0
A-, 3B+, 2
B, 7
B-, 13C+, 14
C, 13
D, 5
D-, 9
08/09 Sem 2
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ECE 2221 Short Semester Schedule (tentative)
Week 1: Introduction
-
Course Introduction,
Signals Operations
Classification and
Representation of Signals
Week 2: Time-Domain Analysis
System Classifications
System Representation by Differential
Equation
Convolution Intergral
Week 3: Laplace
Transform
Bilateral Laplace Transform
Unilateral Laplace
Transform
Inverse Laplace Transform
Week 4: Fourier Series
Fouries Series
Week 5: Fourier
Transform
Fourier Transform
Week 6: Applications
Applications
Week 7: Sampling and Wrap-
Up
…
…
…
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Short semester Weekly Schedule
Monday:
• Last Week Review Quiz• Intro to New Topic• Sub Topic 1
Wednesday:
• Sub Topic 2
Thursday:
• Sub Topic 3• Topic Summary
Weekend:
• Assignment• MATLAB Assignment
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2008© Thomson Engineering, a division of Thomson Learning Inc.
1-17
Chapter 1:Introduction
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What is a Signal ?
� Signals are functions of independent variables that carry information.
� For example:
� Electrical signals ---voltages and currents in a circuit
� Acoustic signals ---audio or speech signals (analog or digital)
� Video signals ---intensity variations in an image (e.g. a CAT scan)
� Biological signals ---sequence of bases in a gene
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What is a signal?
A signal is formally defined as a function of one or more variables that conveys information on the nature of a physical phenomenon.
What is a system?
Block diagram representation of a system.
A system is formally defined as an entity that manipulates one or more signals to accomplish a function, thereby yielding new signals.
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Signals and Systems
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 20
� SIGNAL� A set of data or information.� A function or sequence of values that represents information.� A function of one or more variables (e.g. time, frequency, space,..) that conveys
information on the nature of a physical phenomenon.
� SYSTEM� A system is an entity that processes a set of signals (inputs) to yield another sets of
signals (outputs)
SystemInputSignal
OutputSignal
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Three Areas of System Studies
Dr. Sigit PW JarotECE 2221 Signals and Systems 21
Mathematical modeling ����
• How to model signals and systems behavior using mathematical representation and formulations.
Analysis ����
• How to determine the systems outputs for the given inputs and a given mathematical model of the system (or rules governing the system)
Design ����
• How to construct a system that will produce a desired set of outputs for the given inputs.
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Figure 1.1 – Singer performing on stage.
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Figure 1.2 – Offline processing of audio.
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Figure 1.3 – Block diagram for Figure 1.1.
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Figure 1.4 – Flow graph for Figure 1.1.
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Figure 1.5 – Block diagram for Figure 1.2.
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Signal Analysis in Biomedical Engineering27
Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain
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Signal Analysis in Biomedical Engineering28
Electrocardiography (ECG) is a transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over time captured and externally recorded by skin electrodes
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Ultrasonography (USG)29
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SigInt : Signals Intelligence30
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Application of Signal Analysis31
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Fourier Analysis32
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Introduction
◆◆◆◆ Important examples of biological signal:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
2. Electroencephalogram (EEG)Fig. 1-9
Figure 1.9 (p. 13)The traces shown in (a), (b), and (c) are three examples of EEG signals recorded from the hippocampus of a rat. Neurobiological studies suggest that the hippocampus plays a key role in certain aspects of learning and memory.
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ECE 2221 Signals and Systems 34
In Reality
• Information in the form of:• Audio• Video• Text, etc
Model
• Mathematical representation
• Graphical representation
Dial Start-up Answer
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Waveforms and Data Sequences
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� We work with two kind of signals:
� Waveforms x(t), y(t)
� Data sequences x[n], y[n]
� Signal can be classified into:
� Continuous-time (CT) signals
� Discrete-time (DT) signals
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Some Useful Signal Operations:Time scaling
ECE 2221 Signals and Systems
36
� If a signal x(t) is compressed in time by a factor of 2, denoted as y(t), it means whatever happens in x(t) at some instant t also happens in y(t), at the instant t/2.
� Therefore
)()2
( txt
y =
)2()( txty =
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Time Reversal
Reflection:
( ) ( )y t x t= − The signal y(t) represents a reflected version of x(t) about t = 0.
Ex. 1-3 Consider the triangular pulse x(t) shown in Fig. 1-22(a). Find the reflected version of x(t) about the amplitude axis (i.e., the origin).
<Sol.> Fig.1-22(b).
Figure 1.22 (p. 28)Operation of reflection: (a) continuous-time signal x(t) and (b) reflected version of x(t) about the origin.
1 2( ) 0 for and x t t T t T= < − >
1 2( ) 0 for and y t t T t T= > < −t0 > 0 ⇒⇒⇒⇒ shift toward right
t0 < 0 ⇒⇒⇒⇒ shift toward left
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Some Useful Signal Operations:Time shifting
ECE 2221 Signals and Systems
38
� If a signal x(t) is delayed by Tseconds, denoted as y(t), it means whatever happens in x(t) at some instant t also happens in y(t), T second later at the instant t + T.
� Therefore
)()( txTty =+)()( Ttxty −=
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Figure 1.6 – Example of time shift:(a) original waveform;(b) time-shifted waveform
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Figure 1.7 – Shift for sequence:(a) original data;(b) shifted data.
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Next Lecture41
� Basic Signal Operations
� Classifications of Signals
� Classifications of Systems