1. Embedded Controller/BIOS Training(Complete Bible)VIKAS DEOARSHICHIPTRONIKSVD Intellisys Technologies Pvt. LTd

2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5 6. South BridgeLPC BusECSPI ROM(BIOS +EC)Power sequenceBatterycharge/dischargeThermal IC(CPU, GPU..)Internal KB(KB matrix)Touch PadExternal PS/2Fan ControlFunc. Key,LID switch, LEDCIREn/disableother devices6chip power on PS/2SM BusPWM SM Bus 7. 7 8. 8 9. 9 10. 10 11. 11 12. 12 13. 13 14. 14 15. 15 16. 16 17. Power-on Reset CircuitPower consumptionAP note17 18. Because the ITE EC chip has built-in a level detection forpower-on reset circuit, user may remove the external resetIC for WRST# signal in EC design. A recommendedapplication circuit for the WRST# signal (pin 14) of EC isillustrated as follow18VstbyD1C11uFWRST#R1 100Kpin 14IT85xx 19. 19Each input pin should be driven or pulledInput floating causes leakage current and should beprevented.Pins can be pulled by an external pull resistor or internalpull for a pin with programmable pull.VstbyIT851xR1RGPINO INTERNAL PULL H/L NEED EXTERNAL PULL H/L 20. 1.Each output-drain output pin should be pulledIf an output-drain output pin is not used and is not pulled by an external pull resistor or internalpull for a pin with programmable pull, make it drive low by the firmware.2.Each input pin which belongs to VSTBY power plane is connected or pulled up to VCCpower planeSuch cases may cause leakage current when VCC is not supplied and a diode (low forwardvoltage) may be used to isolate leakage current from VSTBY to VCC.For example, use diodes for KBRST# and GA20 if they are connected to VCC powerplane of South-Bridge.20THE SAME POWER PLANE IS MUSTRGPIORVstbyIT851xVstbyINTERNAL PULL HIGHEXTERNAL PULL HIGHDIFFERENT POWER PLANERVstby"GOOD"IT851x RINTERNAL PULL HIGHVCCEXTERNAL PULL HIGHSouth Bridge/Other Devices2 1Schottky Diode("low" forward voltage)(FOR REFERENCE ONLY)GPIONote: Such as KBRST#, GA20, SCI#..etc., use a diode to connect to VCCpower plane (South Bridge) to isolate leakage current.Note: Not only above pins but also all GPIOs are necessary for consideration.Note: Most pins of IT851x belong to Vstby power plane. 21. 21It may cause a leakage current path when VCC is shut down.Refer to the above consideration.Any pin which belongs to VSTBY power plane should not bepulled to VCC in most cases.DIFFERENT POWER PLANE*WRONG*GPIOREXTERNAL PULL HIGHVstbyIT851xVCCRINTERNAL PULL HIGHVstby is high voltage, VCC is low voltage, may cause leakage current from H to L 22. Disable unnecessary pull for a programmable pull pinFlash standby modePrevent accessing Scratch RAM before entering power-saving modeUse Doze mode rather than Idle modeUse Sleep mode rather than Doze modeGate clock by module in EC domainPower-down ADC/DAC analog circuit if it is unnecessary22 23. SM bus clock and data pin : In the NB design for control battery function, use thebattery on will hot plug-in and plug-off, and in the case of EC and battery has power inplug in / off instantly easy to have instant high voltage surge occurs, it may cause SMbus clock & data occurs EOS (Electrical Over Stress) damage possible. Thereforerecommended that customers add instant high voltage surge absorption lines, toprevent EOS damage may occur, we recommend the following line :23SMB_DATD3Zener DiodeZener Diode Breakdownaround 5.6VD2Zener DiodeSMB_CLKD4VaristorC1100PSMB_DATD5VaristorThe Varistor provides protection from ESDand EFT in highspeed data-line and otherhigh frequency applications.SMB_CLKC2100P 24. The specification of level detection for power-on reset is illustrated as follow;24VSTBYVSTBY POR3.3V0V3.3V0VVt+=2.89V500usVt-=2.65V 10us Vt-=2.65V 10us 25. 25 26. Battery Charge & DischargeECITE8512ChargeICBattery ABattery BCharge EnableCharge EnableBattery B Temp/Voltage/Current SignalSM Bus BBattery A Temp/Voltage/Current SignalSM Bus AEC Page: 26 27. Battery Charge & DischargeBattery ChargingWhen connected to AC power and battery charging beginsEvent notification will be sent simultaneously chargingWindows change the battery IconWhen charging the battery indicator light is orangeRead the gas gauge data and determine fully charged flagsDetermine the charging voltage, current, temperatureWhen the indicator is green the battery is fully chargedWill send notification when the battery is fully chargedEvent Windows change the battery IconCommandBatteryGas gaugeEC WindowsDataPage: 27 EC PollingData/Event 28. Battery Discharge When removing the AC power supply battery begins to discharge Discharge will also send Event notification Windows change thebattery Icon Discharge light goes out Read the gas gauge data Determine the charging voltage,current,temperature Discharge warning divided into three stages Low # 1, Low # 2,Shutdown Low # 1 flashing orange lights, Alarm Tone (according to BIOS Setup) Low # 2 flashing orange lights, the system enters the suspend mode Shutdown below the critical power, the systemforced shutdownEC Page: 28BatteryGas gaugeEC WindowsCommandDataPollingData/Event 29. Fan ControlCPUThermalICCPUVGAThermalICVGAITE 8512DAC0DAC1DAC2SMC1SMD1SMC2SMD2( R.P.M )CPU SenseSYS SenseVGA SenseFan Control ICCPUSYSVGAEC Page: 29CPUFANSYSFANVGAFAN 30. Fan Control Start temperature (Start), stop temperature(Stop), down-temperature (Throttle) Fan rotation CPU(VGA) Temperature start temperature Fan Stops CPU(VGA) Temperature stop temperatureEC Page: 30Temperature Fan Duty% 31. Down CPU(VGA) Temperature down temperature CPU(VGA) Temperature down temperature -n, replyCPU frequency, n 5 Page: 31 EC Temperature CPU SpeednThrottle TemperatureResume Temperature 32. Abnormal Temperature warning When the EC can not be properly read CPU (VGA)will also flash Num Lock & Caps Lock & Scroll Lockindicator temperature, Alarm and warning systemsdirectly off one minute after Fan unusual Warning When the fan can not rotate properly will also flashNum Lock & Caps Lock indicator and AlarmEC Page: 321 A Blink1 A Blink 33. Hardware Components: burning toolEC Page: 33 34. EC 1. KBD connector isPage: 34recognized as an upperor lower contact andconnect Flash Board andM / B2. EC Debug Port of watchdog enable pin to ground3. USB cable to connectFlash Board andcomputer4. M / B connected to theAC power supply 35. EC Page: 35 36. Burning software installed:EC_WinFlash_Setup_265.exeVDIT Page: 36 37. EC Page: 37SetupTypeLoad 38. VDIT Page: 38 39. VDIT Page: 39 40. Click the Load icon, choose File OpenVDIT Page: 40 41. Click on the arrow to start burning after burningis complete, burn the information bar displays AutoFlash OK! And display process timeVDIT Page: 41 42. Debug Port is also known 80Debug Port80Debug BoardVDIT Page: 42 43. M / B side ConnectorVDIT Page: 43 44. Debug Port Pin 80PORT_DET# : When this pin is connected DebugBoard for Low 80CLK clock pin 3IN1 data pin This pin also use as a watch dog Debug Port What to do ?1. Can be used as the system POST (Power On SelfTest) the boot process debugging2. EC can be used as the system to detect and debugVDIT Page: 44 45. When the system boots 80Debug Portautomatically display system boot processFrom 00 to FF Each number has its representative meaningFor example 13 KBC initial failure, 38 DRAM failure, 49 VGA ...Show post process informationVDIT Page: 45 46. EC Detect and Debug system Link Debug Board required only after adjustment Use www key & email keyadjustments Index Use Fn + F1 & Fn + F2 to adjustIndex Index 00 EC Version 01 CPU Remote Temperature 02 CPU Local Temperature 03 VGA Remote Temperature 04 VGA Local TemperatureFirst Show IndexAfter the ShowEC Page: 46 47. Index 05 CPU Fan Speed 06 VGA Fan Speed 07 SysFlag01 (Shutdown Flag1, AC Mode) Bit0 SUSC Signal Bit1 Power Switch Bit2 CPU Over TemperatureBit3 Power on Fail Bit4 Reserved Bit5 Command 95h Bit6 S4 Suspend to DiskBit7 ReservedBit7 Bit00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 01EC Page: 47 48. Index 08 SysFlag02 (Shutdown Flag2, AC Mode) Bit0 SMB FailBit1 Reserved Bit2 VGA Over Temperature Bit3 ReservedBit4 Reserved Bit5 Reserved Bit6 Reserved Bit7 ReservedEC Page: 48 49. Index 09 SysFlag03 (Shutdown Flag3, AC Mode) Bit0 CIR Using the remote control offBit1 Reserved Bit2 Reserved Bit3 ReservedBit4 Reserved Bit5 Reserved Bit6 Reserved Bit7 ReservedVDIT Page: 49 50. ITE 8512 EC Use I / O 62h and 66h port as acommunication interface 62h for data port, as data access channel 66hfor command port, As a command, status controlchannel Read DataBit7 Bit0- - - - - - IBF OBF First by the command port (66h) under the control command: EC to wait for the endIBE(Input Buffer Empty, test 66h port bit1) Then by the data port (62h) read data :EC to wait for theend OBF(Output Buffer Full, test 66h port bit0)VDIT Page: 50 51. Write Data Under the Command Port control commands start with :EC to wait for the end IBE (Input Buffer Empty) Then write data from the Data Port : EC to wait for the endIBE (Input Buffer Empty) Since the EC is responsible for many of theperipheral signals control and monitoring coupledwith processing speed problems between eachcommand speed is not too high, it is recommendednot less than 150msVDIT Page: 51 52. Read Project Name Command 92hwait IBE ;(Test 66h port bit1 whether 0)out 66h,92hLoop:wait OBF ;(Test 66h port bit0 whether 1)in al,62hstore al to bufferif al != $ goto LoopProject Name : TN120RVDIT Page: 52 53. Reads the ECversion Command 93hwait IBEout 66h,93hLoop:wait OBFin al,62hstore al to bufferif al != $ goto LoopVDIT Page: 53 54. Read CPU VGA FAN Duty Command 9Ehwait IBEout 66h,9Ehwait IBEout 62h,n ;(n=1-3, 1=CPU, 2=VGA1, 3=VGA2)wait OBFin al,62h ;(remote temperature)wait OBFin al,62h ;(local temperature)wait OBFin al,62h ;(fan duty=(al*100)/255)CPU RemoteTemp. : 55 CPU LocalTemp. : 45 CPU FanEC Page: 54 55. Use AP control settings CPU & VGA FANDuty Command 99hwait IBEout 66h,99hwait IBEout 62h,n ;(n=0-3, 0=all fan, 1=CPU, 2=VGA, 3=fan3)wait IBEout 62h,m ;(m=fan duty=00~FF)EC Page: 55 56. Recovery EC automatic control CPU & VGAFAN Duty Command 99hwait IBEout 66h,99hwait IBEout 62h,0FFh ;(0FFh EC Auto Control)wait IBEout 62h,m ;(1=CPU, 2=VGA, 3=VGA2, 0FFh=all fan)VDIT Page: 56 57. Read battery capacity (unit: mAh) Command 80h, 82h, 83h Index 2Eh, 2Fh (2byte, Battery Remaining Capacity)Wait IBEOut 66h,82h ;(Burst Enable)wait IBEout 66h,80h ;(Read)wait IBEout 62h,2Ehwait OBFin CapacityLowByte, 62hout 62h,2Fhwait OBFin CapacityHiByte, 62hWait IBEOut 66h,83h ;(Burst Disable)Battery Capacity :2100 mAhEC Page: 57 58. Read battery charge (unit: %) Command 80h, 82h, 83h Index 38h (1 byte, Battery Relative State)Wait IBEOut 66h,82h ;(Burst Enable)wait IBEout 66h,80h ;(Read)wait IBEout 62h,38hwait OBFin BatRelative, 62hOut 66h,83h ;(Burst Disable)Battery Relative : 95%EC Page: 58 59. Bright green battery is fully charged,cannot display 100%, because thereare Battery itseld ( Learning Incomplete or poor design) EC BIOS(ASL is part of the BIOS, enter the Windows controlby OS) Reboot does not show 100% EC to determine the battery's internal informationTerminal Charge Flag cause, has been canceled thisjudgment (M720S models) From re-open chance to show 100% (most of the reason)When the battery is fully charged EC will send Event toBIOS (ASL), because there is no Notify Battery InformationBIOS to OS, caused only Notify StatusVDIT Page: 59 60. EC & BIOS INTERACTION60To access REMAINING 118 MORE SLIDES, Join our OnlineLaptop Repair Course. This slideshow is complete bible ofEC/BIOS Interaction , explained in online class