ec directive 2004/8/ec on energy cogeneration and its implementation in slovakia
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EC Directive 2004/8/EC on energy cogeneration and its implementation in Slovakia Peter Luby and Marcel Lauko, ECB Bratislava. Eleven categories of CHP covered by this Directive. (a) Combined cycle gas turbine with heat recovery (b) Steam backpressure turbine - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Figure 1
EC Directive 2004/8/EC
on energy cogeneration and
its implementation in Slovakia
Peter Luby and Marcel Lauko, ECB Bratislava
ECB Bratislava IngEnergo
Figure 2
(a) Combined cycle gas turbine with heat recovery(b) Steam backpressure turbine(c) Steam condensing extraction turbine(d) Gas turbine with heat recovery(e) Internal combustion engine(f) Microturbines(g) Stirling engines(h) Fuel cells(i) Steam engines(j) Organic Rankine Cycles
k) All other technologies in line with definition of CHP.
Eleven categories of CHPcovered by this Directive
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Figure 3
How these Systems Work
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Figure 4
G
Heat Recovery Steam Generator
(HRSG)
DH
STG
Gas Turbubine Generator
(GTG)
Category A
Combined cycle gas turbine with heat recovery
SteamTurbine Generator
District Heating
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Figure 5
Category B Steam backpressure turbine
(c) Steam condensing extraction turbine
STG
Boiler
G
DH
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Figure 6
Category C Steam condensing extraction turbine
STG
Boiler
G
DH
Condenser
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Figure 7
Category D Gas turbine with heat recovery
G
Heat Recovery Boiler
DHGas Turbubine Generator
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Figure 8
Category E Internal combustion engine ( ICE )
G ICE
DH
Heat Recovery Boiler
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Figure 9
Category F Microturbines
G
DHGas Microturbine
< 50 kWe
Heat Recovery Boiler
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Figure 10
Heat Source
Regenerator Cooler
Compression CylinderExcentric
Flywheel
Driving Cylinder
Hot Helium
ColdHelium
Category G Stirling engines
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Figure 11
Category G Stirling engine
Co-axial version
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Figure 12
Category G Stirling engine – Reciprocating Design
Dual opposed 55 We Stirling TDCs.Created by Jeff Schreiber.
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Figure 13
Category G
Stirling engine
Solar arrangement
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Figure 14
Category H Fuel Cell
KatódaAnóda
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Figure 15
Category H Fuel Cell
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Figure 16
Category I Steam Engine
SteamEngine
Boiler
G
DH
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Figure 17
Electric Power Production at Temperature Level
of 106°C
Category J Organic Rankin Cycle
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Figure 18
Category J Organic Rankin Cycle
Geothermal Source in Altheim, Austria
ORC turbine
EvaporatorMineral Water
106 °C
Reflux Stream65 °C
Economser
Vapor of hexane100 °C
G
Liquid hexane
Condenser
70 °C
60 °C
DH
1000 kW
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Figure 19
Category J Organic Rankin Cycle – Package Unit
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Figure 20
Category J Organic Rankin Cycle
Condenser
Economiser & Evaporator
ORC turbine
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Figure 21
Category J Organic Rankin Cycle
Detail :
ORC
turbine
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Figure 22
Implementation of EC Directive 2004/8/EC
in Slovakia
On 21st March 2007 the Ministry of Economy proposed a Bill
"Promotion of high efficiency cogeneration (CHP) production based on the heat demand
on the internal energy market".
The Bill is intended to define the conditions for supporting high efficiency CHP production, the rules for issuing certificates of origin for electricity produced by high efficiency CHP, and obligations for state administration bodies and CHP producers.
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Figure 23
The Bill targets small-scale CHP generation, up to 1 MW. For electricity production to be considered
high efficiency CHP,
the following criteria must be met:
A) Cogeneration production must provide primary energy savings of at least 10 % compared with the separate production of heat and electricity;
B) Production from small scale and micro cogeneration units providing primary energy savings may qualify as high-efficiency cogeneration.
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Figure 24
Benefits from High Efficiency CHP
Under the Bill, high efficiency CHP electricity producers would be entitled to preferential transmission, distribution and delivery of their electricity . System operators would also be required to buy highly efficient CHP electricity (in the absence of an agreement between the producer and system operator) at a preferential fixed purchase price.
This price has been set by the Regulatory Office for Network Industries for following periods:- Six (6) years for plant being in operation before Jan 1st 2008- Eight (8) years for plant being refurbished after Jan 1st 2008, if gain in efficiency is higher than 2%- Ten (10) years, for new plant set in operation after Jan 1st 2008
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Figure 25
Guarantee of origin certificate
The highly efficient CHP electricity producer can apply for a guarantee of origin certificate, establishing that electricity sold is produced by high-efficiency CHP process. The Bill defines input data (general and technical parameters) the application must include; the guarantee of origin is issued by the contributory organisation of the Ministry of Economy after the verification of the data and relevant calculations evaluation.
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Figure 26
Responsibilities of Government
Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic by its Regulation/Decree define :
- Criteria for the high-efficiency CHP- Calculation method for electricity produced by CHP process- Calculation method for the amount of exploitable heat- Method of calculation of the primary energy savings- Method of calculation of the CHP efficiency- Boundary and harmonised reference values for the calculation of CHP electricity and for the calculation of the CHP production efficiency and for the calculation of primary energy savings.
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Figure 27
Ministry of Economy report on the progress of the share of high efficiency CHP every four years. For the purpose of the high-efficiency CHP monitoring and reporting, the Ministry of Economy and relevant contributory organisation are entitled to request necessary data from those state administration bodies keeping records of CHP electricity producers and those recording produced emissions data. CHP electricity producers are obliged to keep the records on the CHP operation – monthly energy balance of production and delivery of electricity and heat (the Bill defines the list of necessary data in detail). Annual data is to be provided to the contributory organisation by the CHP producer by 25th January the following year.
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Figure 28
CHP Potential in Slovakia
First group of CHP sources is formed from small industrial sources. Biggest contributors are following four heavy industries:
Metalurgy Crude oil processing and Petrochemistry Chemical Industry Pulp & Paper Industry
Own energy production of these plants produce 2800 GWhe/a of electric power.
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Figure 29
Survey of Biggest Cogeneration Plants in Slovakia
Plant Electricity HeatProduction Production(GWhe/y) (GWht/y)
Bratislava I 23.5 245Bratislava II 109.8 802Bratislava III 17.4 167Bratislava - západ 72.6 424PPC Bratislava 1200 972Trnava 10.9 372Martinská teplárenská 121.4 733Zvolenská teplárenská 39.2 347Žilinaská teplárenská 134.2 808Košice 495.0 1778Total 2 224.0 6 652
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Figure 30
Share of CHP in the Slovak Republic belongs to highest in Europe