eating right, living well: reducing the risk of diseases assoc prof dr norimah a.karim dept of...

Eating Right, Living Well: Reducing the risk of diseasesAssoc Prof Dr Norimah A.Karim Dept of Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Allied Health SciencesUKM Kuala Lumpur

The problemMalaysian scene

Overweight vs obesity in MalaysiaMANS 2006Overweight = 27%Obese = 12%

NHMS III 2008Overweight = 29%Obese = 14%

BMI- Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS,2006)

Chart1

9.7

49.3

26.7

12.2

BMI (kg/m2)

Prevalence (%)

Mean Weight

Table 1: Mean Weight by Socio-demographic Characteristics

CharacteristicMalaysiaMenWomen

Mean Weight95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean Weight95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean Weight95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population

(kg)LowerUpper(kg)LowerUpper(kg)LowerUpper

Malaysia62.6562.2063.096,77513,876,45666.5665.9167.2133347,186,44158.4457.8859.0034416,690,015

Zone

South64.4263.4665.381,2962,958,17268.1966.7469.646211,512,56460.3159.0161.616751,386,438

Central63.4062.5664.232,2745,291,93067.8066.6069.0011572,753,10558.6257.6159.6311172,538,825

East coast60.9159.7762.059181,580,84164.3962.7666.02450824,47957.1255.6058.64468756,362

North62.6761.6363.708711,833,88366.2264.8167.62417918,87359.1057.6960.52454915,010

Sabah58.9357.8660.017301,107,59762.9461.4364.46359568,66154.7053.2856.12371538,935

Sarawak60.6659.4361.886861,163,20463.7361.7465.72330608,75957.2955.8758.71356554,445

Strata

Urban63.3362.7163.9536138,249,45467.8566.9468.7618054,280,71858.4657.7259.2018083,968,736

Rural61.6461.0262.2631625,627,00264.6663.7965.5315292,905,72358.4257.5559.2916332,721,279

Ethnic Group

Malay63.4962.8464.1436337,531,61066.8665.8967.8218203,972,06259.7358.9260.5418133,559,548

Chinese62.5861.7763.3815633,475,73068.1767.0969.247521,766,29356.8055.7357.878111,709,437

Indian63.7862.4165.156201,347,23267.3265.2569.40298668,69760.2858.5861.99322678,535

Orang Asli PM48.9545.9052.002867,89751.9246.2857.561136,86645.4241.6249.231731,032

Bumiputera Sabah57.4255.9258.91394574,73962.2660.2664.25187275,84152.9551.1254.79207298,898

Bumiputera Sarawak58.0756.6559.49380603,43760.5858.5562.61191317,93655.2753.3757.16189285,500

Other Bumiputera59.2457.1061.38157275,81160.4357.6263.2375148,74657.8554.4461.2682127,065

Sex

Men66.5665.9167.2133347,186,441

Women58.4457.8859.0034416,690,016

Age Group

18-1955.8253.4658.184211,436,37859.3155.3363.28208734,96952.1750.0754.27213701,409

20-2961.3260.4962.1519714,096,53265.5364.4166.659892,158,84156.6355.4857.789821,937,691

30-3964.1963.5164.8719333,551,79868.4467.5469.339181,848,24459.5858.6360.5310151,703,554

40-4965.1164.3565.8615382,887,75768.6667.6469.687651,474,24361.4060.3762.437731,413,514

50-5964.0363.0065.059121,903,99167.5766.1568.99454970,14360.3558.9761.73458933,848

Household Income

Less than RM150061.0060.3561.6535397,016,25363.7962.7864.8116433,451,55258.2957.5059.0818963,564,702

RM1500 - RM350064.4063.6665.1423094,857,84969.0568.0670.0412162,667,04858.7457.7459.7410932,190,801

More than RM350064.1663.1465.179272,002,35469.2767.8570.694751,067,84158.3157.0559.57452934,513

Educational Level

Primary school62.3861.5263.2414162,656,98263.8562.8064.896231,208,25861.1559.8462.477931,448,724

Lower secondary school (PMR)63.8763.0264.7314482,822,79666.5165.4567.587961,653,22260.1558.7761.526521,169,574

Upper secondary school (SPM)62.5061.7663.2422364,760,89066.9965.9468.0411312,510,77657.4956.5658.4211052,250,114

Matriculation/Form 659.9458.2761.61355779,60566.4763.7869.17139308,47955.6553.7357.58216471,126

College/University64.3662.8265.909562,157,77869.5967.3771.805481,291,65456.5755.0858.06408866,124

Others57.0155.3858.64356677,10258.5855.0162.1695208,47356.3154.5158.11261468,629

Occupational Group

Legislators, senior officials and managers69.6066.9672.24115276,40172.0669.1474.9792224,76058.9352.9964.852351,641

Professionals66.9665.2368.68426896,24572.1770.1074.25255558,68158.3256.0660.58171337,565

Technicians and allied professionals66.0964.8867.306731,424,94169.6768.1871.15418924,43959.5057.7261.28255500,502

Clerical59.9558.2561.66341645,01965.4962.9468.04118242,99256.6054.4958.72223402,027

Service, shop attendants, sales persons65.9564.6167.286731,324,25969.6168.0271.20416844,84159.5057.5361.46257479,417

Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries60.0358.1861.88268503,45561.3459.0063.69196387,53055.6653.2258.0972115,924

Craft and related trades workers63.6462.3264.95465988,65264.9563.5166.39385825,05857.0254.2559.7980163,594

Plant and machine operators and assemblers63.9162.6365.195821,214,88166.3664.9967.73405832,92458.5755.8661.28177381,957

Manual workers62.1060.7963.417241,362,08963.1761.8464.50496956,89359.5856.5262.65228405,196

Army personnel71.6666.4676.873281,10071.7266.4077.033179,49568.9068.9068.9011,604

Retired68.6765.2072.1493211,71870.1166.6473.5880174,43661.9553.2270.671337,282

Students56.0154.4357.59328911,25860.6258.6562.59171464,23551.2249.3353.10157447,023

Housewives59.6958.9060.4816293,030,61260.4856.0064.951541,89659.6858.8860.4816142,988,716

Unemployed60.6956.3065.09265671,38164.8558.1971.50147403,43854.4451.3157.57118267,943

Others/refused to answer64.3861.6767.10150306,18965.6062.8268.39104214,31561.5455.2767.804691,874

Marital Status

Unmarried60.0058.9961.0018544,405,64563.6362.2964.9611262,732,97054.0652.7555.387281,672,675

Married64.0763.6164.5346818,886,77268.4067.7769.0321714,354,36759.9259.3060.5325104532405

Divorced58.9256.3761.4685212,82466.1461.5470.731339,68257.2754.4460.0972173142

Widow61.8459.4764.21150361,97566.4460.2272.662051,89461.0758.5863.56130310081

Nutritional Status

CED Class lll40.4139.1041.7380204,43642.5841.0644.1039116,84937.5335.9839.084187,587

CED Class ll42.6341.4543.81150320,22747.1145.8548.3760122,11039.8738.4441.3090198,117

CED Class l46.2745.6246.92398847,13549.6548.9250.37199431,65142.7642.0143.51199415,484

Normal56.4956.1856.8033666,985,08160.3059.8960.7017303,751,95552.0751.7452.4016363,233,126

Pre-obese70.0869.6370.5319073,786,83575.0274.5375.519762,058,75564.2063.7264.689311,728,080

Obese Class l81.2479.8282.676551,300,99789.5987.3391.84257546,12975.2174.4176.00398754,867

Obese Class ll91.7089.7293.68138288,51698.4294.71102.1348116,81287.1385.3788.8990171,703

Obese Class lll116.18109.92122.4472132,805126.10112.27139.942238,199112.17105.52118.835094,606

Mean Height

Table 2: Mean Height by Socio-demographic Characteristics

CharacteristicMalaysiaMenWomen

Mean Height (cm)95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean Height (cm)95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean Height (cm)95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population

LowerUpperLowerUpperLowerUpper

Malaysia160.25159.98160.51676913,870,311165.96165.66166.2633347,186,740154.10153.84154.3734356,683,571

Zone

South160.81160.24161.3812962,899,002166.85166.32167.396211,512,564154.22153.71154.736751,386,438

Central161.19160.73161.6622735,290,993166.87166.35167.3911562,752,167155.04154.60155.4811172,538,825

East Coast158.49157.73159.259121,574,848163.88162.80164.95450824,931152.57151.82153.31462749,918

North160.83160.13161.548711,833,883166.78166.00167.55417918,873154.86154.04155.69454915,010

Sabah157.47156.71158.247301,107,597162.95162.17163.74359568,661151.70150.99152.40371538,935

Sarawak158.64157.84159.446871,163,988164.06163.22164.90331609,544152.68151.87153.48356554,445

Strata

Urban161.16160.80161.5336138,249,454166.82166.42167.2218054,280,718155.06154.70155.4218083,968,736

Rural158.90158.53159.2831565,620,857164.70164.26165.1415292,906,022152.70152.32153.0816272,714,835

Ethnic Group

Malay159.76159.39160.1336277,526,517165.54165.16165.9318193,971,577153.29152.98153.6118083,554,941

Chinese162.68162.16163.1915633,475,730168.31167.72168.897521,766,293156.86156.27157.458111,709,437

Indian161.19160.36162.036211,348,017167.38166.49168.27299669,482155.09154.19155.99322678,535

Orang Asli PM149.58146.22152.952867,897151.66144.48158.831136,866147.12145.14149.101731,032

Bumiputra Sabah156.16155.22157.10393572,902161.99161.02162.95187275,841150.75149.84151.65206297,061

Bumiputra Sarawak156.01155.06156.97380603,437161.18160.08162.27191317,936150.26149.35151.16189285,500

Other natives158.79157.07160.52157275,811164.07162.51165.6275148,746152.62151.09154.1482127,065

Sex

Men165.96165.66166.2633347,186,740

Women154.10153.84154.3734356,683,571

Age Group

18-19161.15159.95162.344211,436,378166.44164.83168.04208734969155.61154.49156.72213701409

20-29161.24160.77161.7119704,096,264167.01166.52167.509902161113154.79154.33155.269801935151

30-39160.38159.95160.8119323,550,440166.09165.62166.569181848244154.18153.77154.5910141702196

40-49159.62159.13160.1115382,888,811165.61165.08166.147671476250153.35152.88153.837711412561

50-59158.14157.40158.889081,898,417163.55162.69164.41451966163152.53151.67153.40457932254

Household Income

Less than RM1500158.72158.34159.1135337,010,261164.64164.19165.0916433,452,003152.98152.64153.3218903,558,257

RM1500 RM3500161.50161.09161.9223094,857,697166.79166.35167.2212162,666,896155.07154.60155.5410932,190,801

More than RM3500162.55161.80163.309272,002,354168.17167.29169.054751,067,841156.13155.40156.85452934,513

Educational Level

Primary school157.23156.72157.7314122,651,863163.21162.66163.756211,205,216152.25151.74152.757911,446,647

Lower secondary school (PMR)160.84160.33161.3514472,822,191165.53165.03166.037971,654,445154.20153.54154.876501,167,746

Upper secondary school (SPM)160.90160.47161.3322374,763,244166.51166.04166.9811332,513,833154.63154.23155.0411042,249,412



Others153.34152.13154.54355676,165160.78157.63163.9394207,536150.04149.22150.86261468,629

Occupational Group


Professionals163.22162.13164.31426896,245167.38165.94168.82255558,681156.32155.37157.28171337,565

Technician and allied professionals163.05162.33163.766721,423,104167.08166.35167.80418924,439155.57154.76156.39254498,665

Clerical159.50158.54160.46341645,019165.61164.27166.95118242,992155.81154.87156.75223402,027

Service, shop attendants, sales person162.54161.85163.236721,323,654166.88166.22167.53415844,237154.91154.01155.80257479,417


Craft and related trades workers163.57162.75164.40466990,924165.68164.97166.39386827330152.93151.29154.5680163594

Plant and machine operators and assemblers162.19161.40162.985831,216,103165.68164.95166.40406834146154.57153.29155.84177381957

Manual workers160.14159.40160.887241,361,516163.80163.13164.46497957678151.45150.63152.28227403838

Army personnel167.90166.21169.593281,100168.08166.41169.753179495158.95158.90158.9511604

Retired162.53161.00164.0693211,718163.95162.59165.3280174436155.88153.04158.721337282

Students162.23160.93163.52328911,258167.64166.21169.08171464235156.60155.29157.92157447023

Housewives153.26152.86153.6516253,027,362159.41152.90165.931541896153.17153.79153.5516102985466

Unemployed162.46160.81164.11264670,444167.17165.34169.01146402501155.38153.84156.92118267943

Others/refused to answer161.58160.24162.93150306,189164.65163.32165.98104214315154.44152.52156.364691874

Marital Status

Unmarried162.73162.20163.2618534,403,808167.02166.44167.6011262732970155.70155.08156.327271670838

Married159.36159.07159.6546768,881,129165.32164.99165.6521714353332153.62153.33153.9225054527797

Divorced156.43154.28158.5885212,824167.87163.66172.091339682153.80152.10155.5072173142

Widow153.97152.75155.19149361,038162.17159.09165.251950957152.62151.56153.68130310081

Nutritional Status

CED Class lll162.70160.44164.9680204,436166.84164.43169.2539116,849157.17154.07160.264187,587

CED Class ll160.25158.01162.50150320,227168.81166.49171.1260122,110154.98152.32157.6590198,117

CED Class l160.81159.70161.92398847,135166.57165.41167.73199431,651154.82153.44156.20199415,484

Normal160.51160.15160.8733666,985,081165.78165.37166.1917303,751,955154.40154.05154.7516363,233,126

Pre-obese160.33159.86160.8019073,786,835165.97165.51166.449762,058,755153.61153.11154.129311,728,080

Obese Class l158.91157.83160.006551,300,997166.93165.49168.37257546,129153.11152.47153.75398754,867

Obese Class ll157.84156.15159.54138288,516163.90160.62167.1748116,812153.73152.40155.0690171,703

Obese Class lll154.50150.85158.1672132,805156.54144.56168.512238,199153.69151.94155.435094,606

Mean BMI

Table 3 : Mean BMI by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen

CharacteristicMean BMI95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean BMI95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationMean BMI95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population

(kg/m)LowerUpper(kg/m)LowerUpper(kg/m)LowerUpper

Malaysia24.3724.2124.53676613,866,03224.1523.9324.373331718246124.6124.3824.8434356683571

Zone

South24.8824.5225.2512962,899,00224.4523.9624.936211,512,56425.3624.8325.896751,386,438

Central24.4024.1124.6922735,290,99324.3923.9924.8011562,752,16724.4123.9924.8311172,538,825

East Coast24.2123.8324.599101,571,35423.9323.4624.40448821,43624.5123.9025.12462749,918

North24.2223.8424.608711,833,88323.7923.2924.28417918,87324.6524.0725.22454915,010

Sabah23.7023.3124.097301,107,59723.6623.1324.19359568,66123.7423.1624.31371538,935

Sarawak24.0823.6024.556861,163,20423.6222.9324.31330608,75924.5823.9625.20356554,445

Strata

Urban24.3724.1524.5836138,249,45424.3924.0824.6918054,280,71824.3524.0324.6618083,968,736

Rural24.3824.1624.6031535,616,57823.8023.5124.0915262,901,74325.0024.6625.3316272,714,835

Ethnic Group

Malay24.8624.6325.0936257,523,02324.3924.0724.7118173,968,08225.3925.0625.7118083,554,941

Chinese23.6023.3123.8915633,475,73024.0623.6924.437521,766,29323.1322.6723.588111,709,437

Indian24.5424.0525.036201,347,23224.0223.3024.73298668,69725.0524.4025.71322678,535

Orang Asli PM21.8320.7122.952867,89722.5421.2323.851136,86620.9919.3022.681731,032




Sex

Men24.1523.9324.3733317182461

Women24.6124.3824.8434356683571

Age Group

18-1921.4020.7122.104211,436,37821.3220.1922.46208734,96921.4920.7022.27213701,409

20-2923.5323.2423.8319694,093,99223.4423.0723.829892,158,84123.6323.1724.109801,935,151

30-3924.9124.7025.1419323,550,44024.7824.4925.079181,848,24425.0424.6725.4210141,702,196

40-4925.5325.2625.8015362,886,80424.9924.6525.337651,474,24326.0925.6726.527711,412,561

50-5925.6625.2226.119081,898,41725.3824.7226.04451966,16325.9525.3526.55457932,254

Household Income

Less than RM150024.2023.9724.423531700676623.5023.1923.8116413,448,50924.8724.5625.1818903,558,257

RM1500 - RM350024.6424.3824.902308485691224.7924.4625.1112152,666,11124.4624.0324.8910932,190,801

More than RM350024.3323.9024.75927200235424.6423.9925.294751,067,84123.9723.4324.51452934,513

Educational Level

Primary school25.2724.9225.6214122,651,86323.9523.5824.316211,205,21626.3725.8326.927911,446,647

Lower secondary school24.6924.3725.0114462,820,96824.2723.8924.647961,653,22225.2924.7225.866501,167,746

Upper secondary school24.1023.8324.3722354,760,18824.1823.7924.5611312,510,77624.0123.6524.3811042,249,412



Others24.2223.5524.88355676,16422.6121.3623.8694207,53624.9324.2225.63261468,629

Occupational Group

Legislator, senior officials and managers25.0124.2325.78115276,40125.2524.4626.0492224,76023.9421.5226.372351,641

Professionals25.2424.4826.00426896,24526.0925.0127.16255558,68123.8422.9924.70171337,564

Technician, allied professionals24.7724.4025.156721,423,10424.8924.4425.33418924,43924.5723.8925.24254498,665

Clerical23.4922.9124.07341645,01923.8822.9724.79118242,99223.2622.5024.01223402,027

Service, shop attendants, sales person24.9124.4625.366721,323,65424.9524.4325.48415844,23724.8324.0125.65257479,417

Skilled workers in agriculture & fisheries23.4322.8224.05267501,01723.0722.3723.76195385,09324.6523.5725.7472115,924


Plant and machine operators & assemblers24.2823.8224.735821,214,88124.1823.6924.67405832,92424.4823.4925.47177381,957

Manual workers24.1923.7224.667231,360,73123.4923.0523.92496956,89325.8424.6827.00227403,838

Army personnel25.4423.5927.283281,10025.4023.5227.283179,49527.2727.2727.2711,604

Retired26.0024.7127.2993211,71826.0824.7727.3980174,43625.6321.6629.611337,282

Students21.2020.6821.73328911,25821.5320.7922.27171464,23520.8720.1321.60157447,023

Housewives25.4225.0825.7516253,027,36223.9821.6026.351541,89625.4425.1025.7816102,985,466

Unemployed22.8121.5924.03264670,44423.0021.1424.86146402,50122.5221.3223.72118267,943


Marital Status

Unmarried22.5622.2422.8718534,403,80822.7522.3423.1611262,732,97022.2421.7622.737271,670,838

Married25.2125.0325.3846748,879,12225.0224.7925.2521694,351,32525.3825.1325.6425054,527,797

Divorced24.0823.0725.0885212,82423.5621.7825.351339,68224.1923.0425.3572173,142

Widow26.1425.1427.15149361,03825.2723.0327.521950,95726.2825.1727.40130310,081

Nutritional Status

CED Class lll15.2214.9915.4580204,43615.2714.9115.6339116,84915.1614.9315.394187,587

CED Class ll16.5316.4716.59150320,22716.4916.3816.6060122,11016.5516.4916.6290198,117

CED Class l17.8317.7817.88398847,13517.8617.7917.92199431,65117.8117.7317.88199415,484

Normal21.8621.7921.9433666,985,08121.9021.8022.0017303,751,95521.8221.7121.9316363,233,126

Pre-obese27.1827.1127.2519073,786,83527.1927.0927.289762,058,75527.1727.0727.289311,728,080

Obese Class l32.0431.8832.216551,300,99732.0731.7532.39257546,12932.0331.8732.19398754,867

Obese Class ll36.7136.4636.96138288,51636.5436.2436.8548116,81236.8236.4737.1790171,703

Obese Class lll48.9946.0551.9272132,80552.8645.6360.102238,19947.4244.6650.185094,606

Prevalence CED 111

Table 4 : Prevalence of CED class III by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen

CharacteristicPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated PopulationPrevalence95%Confidence IntervalTotal SampleEstimated Population

(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper(%)LowerUpper

Malaysia0.790.421.5180204,4361.621.032.5439116,8491.260.881.794187,587

Zone

South1.851.182.881123,5851.180.552.50817,9190.390.121.3235,666

Central1.060.462.473999,4492.191.124.221960,3751.480.902.432039,074

East Coast1.120.562.23817,2180.350.091.4022,9201.820.684.76614,298

North1.430.573.52921,1471.110.432.83510,1991.130.413.08410,948

Sabah2.270.756.69715,9960.470.073.2412,6492.410.876.53613,348

Sarawak1.441.071.94627,0413.741.0412.57422,7880.730.153.4524,253

Strata

Urban1.350.931.9647113,7451.650.982.7627707151.040.621.722043030

Rural1.580.972.573390,6921.580.693.5812461341.580.962.602144558

Ethnic Group

Malay1.350.852.1439104,1691.680.873.2321670380.990.591.671837131

Chinese1.230.722.111743,5661.310.602.848233341.150.552.39920232

Indian2.991.575.641641,0683.561.408.749238282.451.045.65717240

Orang Asli PM3.570.4722.3712,4730.000.00007.971.1239.7712473

Bumiputera Sabah1.110.205.8426,4400.000.000.00002.110.3910.7026440

Bumiputera Sarawak0.310.081.2421,9330.000.000.00000.640.162.5421933

Other Bumiputera1.710.485.8434,7861.780.2411.82126491.620.406.3522138

Sex

Men1.621.032.5439116,849

Women1.260.881.794187,587

Age Group

18-195.162.719.592174,7627.453.2416.2112547632.801.335.81919998

20-291.571.072.303366,8151.590.952.6418343701.550.882.741532445

30-390.680.351.321124,8150.470.141.55386760.890.401.99816139

40-490.350.150.82610,2150.460.151.43367830.240.080.7633432

50-591.450.683.04927,8291.250.383.993122561.650.634.30615573

Household income

Less than RM15001.410.942.1241101,0321.300.642.651645,1771.510.952.392555,855

RM1500 - RM35001.620.952.762880,6332.000.954.161553,4981.180.652.161327,135

More than RM35001.110.582.111122,7711.690.803.54818,1740.470.141.6034,597

Educational Level

Primary school0.750.331.69920,1801.100.383.14513,4030.460.131.5846,777

Lower Secondary school (PMR)0.760.411.431222,0290.890.411.92814,7320.600.201.7547,298

Upper Secondary school (SPM)2.071.323.2534101,6652.221.094.471655,7961.921.143.211845,869

Matriculation/Form 60.210.031.4511,6150.000.000.00000.340.052.3611,615

College/University1.400.842.331730,8441.480.732.96919,1751.290.632.63811,669

Others4.061.4111.17728,1046.400.9433.12113,7443.011.157.67614,360

Occupational Group

Legislators, senior officials and managers0.790.115.4212,1850.970.146.6212,1850.000.000.0000

Professionals1.110.472.59610,1841.040.313.3735,8291.230.374.0034,356

Technicians, allied professionals0.940.382.32613,7210.840.242.8537,7741.130.294.2135,947

Clerical0.570.132.4723,7600.000.000.00000.890.203.8623,760

Service, shop attendants, sales persons1.570.743.29920,8661.730.714.18614,6461.280.324.9436,220

Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Craft and related trades workers0.790.311.9857,8650.950.382.3857,8650.000.000.0000

Plant and machine operators and assemblers1.660.853.22920,3721.130.472.7259,4872.801.047.30410,885

Manual workers1.170.472.86715,9051.440.523.94513,8020.520.132.0722,103

Army personnel0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Retired0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Students2.461.364.391322,3942.601.135.86712,0672.311.005.24610,328

Housewives0.650.301.42921,0980.000.000.00000.660.301.44921,098

Unemployed8.483.8217.761057,61510.493.8025.80443,1955.382.1412.91614,420

Others/refused to answer2.720.6910.1138,4700.000.000.00008.972.3129.0938,470

Marital Status

Unmarried3.192.174.6854140,9423.231.855.563088,5723.131.974.942452,370

Married0.660.421.032460,1480.650.321.30928,2770.660.371.201531,871

Divorced1.160.167.8312,4730.000.000.00001.430.209.5012,473

Widow0.240.031.6918740.000.000.00000.280.041.971874

Prevalence CED 11

Table 4 : Prevalence of CED class II by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia2.261.842.771503202271.691.242.3160122,1102.842.173.7290198,117

Zone

South1.681.122.5325499741.750.993.071326,6781.610.892.901223,296

Central2.411.693.42521297571.550.912.652042,8393.302.105.173286,918

East Coast2.081.153.7118335581.300.612.75710,8262.901.326.251122,732

North3.422.025.7226645303.071.346.871128,2403.751.907.251536,290

Sabah1.420.712.809158740.690.172.7923,9342.160.984.69711,940

Sarawak2.231.383.5620265341.570.733.3779,5932.911.605.251316,941

Strata

Urban2.271.752.94871914491.370.961.973358,8893.192.274.4654132,561

Rural2.241.613.12631287782.161.313.552763,2222.331.503.613665,556

Ethnic

Malay1.681.302.1868129,6891.320.901.952852,7082.061.462.904076,980

Chinese3.001.964.5740106,1550.910.461.781016,2125.113.158.193089,943

Indian4.162.437.032457,0996.763.5712.461745,2891.680.783.59711,810

Orang Asli PM2.300.3015.4811,5940.000.000.00005.140.7129.2211,594




Sex

Men1.691.242.3160122,110

Women2.842.173.7290198,117

Age Group

18-197.104.4611.12281028945.242.5110.641338,5469.014.9715.791564,348

20-293.102.413.99711318802.641.783.902957,0583.582.584.964274,822

30-390.900.591.3823330220.510.241.0979,3881.310.792.161623,634

40-490.900.521.5716262240.830.371.87712,3380.980.452.09913,885

50-591.360.573.2212262080.490.171.4044,7792.280.816.24821,429

Household income

Less than RM15002.111.592.7971151,1081.591.012.502655,0862.601.823.704596,022

RM1500 - RM35002.371.653.3954117,8111.290.812.062034,4913.632.275.763483,120

More than RM35002.511.504.162551,5083.021.456.171432,5331.941.053.561118,975

Educational level

Primary school1.180.741.862131,7931.390.722.671016,9421.000.531.891114,851





Others1.990.854.60913,7893.981.1412.9948,5371.100.432.7955,252

Occupational Group


Professionals1.580.783.18814,5080.990.313.0935,5462.541.046.0558,962

Technician, allied professionals0.740.321.70610,7870.730.262.0546,7560.760.193.0224,030

Clerical3.571.986.351223,7440.750.105.1211,8155.202.819.411121,929





Manual workers2.131.124.041429,1031.480.613.51714,1283.691.439.15714,976

Army personnel0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Retired0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Students8.494.9414.202377,3337.373.1916.111134,2289.644.7618.551243,105

Housewives1.781.092.902857,5160.000.000.00001.811.112.942857,516

Unemployed4.111.819.041127,9181.590.633.9456,5297.982.9120.08621,389


Marital Status

Unmarried4.763.636.2087210,0853.302.234.854190,5157.154.9610.2046119,570

Married1.170.851.6061107,1410.720.451.171931,5951.571.062.334275,545

Divorced1.410.355.5323,0010.000.000.00001.730.436.7723,001

Widow0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Prevalence CED 1

Table 6 : Prevalence of CED class I by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia5.975.336.69398847,1355.995.146.96199431,6515.965.037.05199415,484

Zone

South5.824.607.3481172,9615.834.178.113888,9235.804.178.034384,038

Central5.994.937.26135322,7895.964.647.6470164,4176.024.488.0465158,372

East Coast7.365.3510.0558119,0666.944.5310.482957,6927.824.8612.332961,373

North5.463.917.5847103,0906.033.899.242555,4534.922.948.132247,637

Sabah6.284.358.994270,4616.103.809.642234,6786.473.6711.162035,783

Sarawak4.933.457.013558,7685.002.928.441530,4884.863.037.702028,280

Strata

Urban6.175.307.16220520,7296.175.047.53110264,4456.174.937.69110256284

Rural5.694.806.74178326,4065.724.557.1689167,2065.664.377.2989159199

Ethnic Group

Malay6.085.227.07215469,1906.735.568.13123267,9165.394.216.8792201275

Chinese5.474.296.9591193,5644.272.916.223175,9946.684.899.0860117570

Indian5.433.667.983474,5384.732.658.291531,6666.103.5610.251942872

Orang Asli PM8.652.3327.3235,9843.830.4426.5511,46114.583.3645.5624524

Bumiputera Sabah8.445.0913.672349,0367.183.8013.151119,7929.584.6118.861229244

Bumiputera Sarawak6.774.3410.412241,9598.004.4214.051225,4385.472.8010.421016521

Other Bumiputera4.592.169.481012,8636.312.3216.0669,3852.640.887.6343478

Sex

Men5.995.146.96199431,651

Women5.965.037.05199415,484

Age Group

18-1913.9810.6118.1973202,50713.008.9918.43419551514.989.9921.8832106992

20-298.877.5610.38184376,8899.477.6711.63932045508.256.4610.4991172338

30-393.082.383.9868112,5522.771.844.1427512223.402.444.724161330

40-493.102.204.344389,8603.662.345.7025542812.501.484.201835579

50-593.402.225.183065,3272.661.434.8913260834.172.337.351739244

Household Income

Less than RM15007.326.348.44241524,4628.507.0510.22128294,3266.224.987.75113230,137

RM1500 - RM35004.723.855.79117234,3244.013.025.2955107,0415.564.147.4262127,282

More than RM35004.302.896.354088,3492.811.674.691630,2845.933.479.962458,065

Educational Level

Primary school3.712.725.0551100,1375.773.928.413270,2012.021.223.341929,936

Lower Secondary School (PMR)5.254.106.7180151,3484.983.586.904282,4345.623.868.123868,915




Others5.623.379.241938,8796.823.1014.35714,6415.082.599.751224,238

Occupational Group

Legislators, senior officials and managers0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Professionals5.863.589.462253,7014.852.598.901227,2797.483.4715.381026,422

Technicians, allied professional3.822.635.543455,5703.251.905.511730,0794.822.878.011725,492

Clerical8.716.0312.443157,9308.514.4915.541020,6698.835.6113.642137,261





Manual workers6.024.208.563882,1186.324.289.252960,5485.312.3111.76921,570

Army personnel0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Retired5.591.6017.72311,8412.940.7211.2525,13317.992.7063.4316,708

Students14.3310.2619.6640130,57213.018.5019.422160,41415.699.4724.891970,158

Housewives3.702.744.9764119,1800.000.000.00003.742.785.0364119,180

Unemployed12.448.6517.574184,55211.607.3017.932447,75913.737.6623.391736,793

Others/refused to answer2.650.848.0848,2533.410.9611.3637,4040.900.126.231848

Marital Status

Unmarried11.519.8913.36219508,46310.338.5412.44127283,51913.4510.5217.0492224,944

Married3.442.904.07168315,1723.342.594.3171145,8213.522.804.4297169,351

Divorced3.791.2311.1248,0710.000.000.00004.661.5113.5048,071

Widow4.231.6010.73715,4294.450.6126.1912,3114.201.4111.84613,118

Underweight

Table 7 : Prevalence of underweight by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia9.688.8210.6162813717989.308.1410.6029867061010.068.8411.43330701188

Zone

South8.296.8410.021172465218.766.7511.30591335207.805.8610.3258113000

Central10.248.7611.942265519949.717.7612.0810926763010.818.6913.36117284364

East Coast10.508.1113.51841698428.595.9712.21387143912.548.7517.654698403

North10.007.7212.878218876710.227.1214.4541938929.806.7614.014194875

Sabah9.126.7412.24581023327.264.7011.04254126111.047.3016.363361071

Sarawak9.436.7613.016111234310.316.0916.9326628698.505.9312.053549474

Strata

Urban9.788.6711.023548259239.197.7710.8517039404810.408.7612.30184431875

Rural9.528.2210.992745458759.467.6111.701282765629.577.8611.61146269313

Ethnic Group

Malay9.118.0210.343227030489.748.1811.571723876628.447.0110.14150315386

Chinese9.707.9711.751483432856.494.768.784911554012.9510.1216.4299227745

Indian12.589.5316.437417270515.0510.2721.544110078310.236.9014.923371922

Orang Asli PM14.535.1434.775100523.830.4426.551146127.6910.4355.7448591

Bumiputera Sabah10.626.8316.1529617087.754.2313.76122136513.227.3122.711740343

Bumiputera Sarawak9.196.4013.0134569309.255.4115.3615294049.125.6114.491927526

Other Bumiputera8.584.9014.6016240699.684.2420.618143947.353.4215.0789675

Sex

Men9.308.1410.60298670610

Women10.068.8411.43330701188

Age Group

18-1926.2421.1232.0912238016225.6918.5334.466618882426.8019.9934.9156191338

20-2913.5511.9815.2928857558413.7011.5616.1514029597913.3911.1715.97148279605

30-394.663.775.741021703893.742.645.2937692865.604.317.2665101103

40-494.353.305.71651262994.953.427.1335734023.722.475.583052897

50-596.214.418.68511193644.392.637.2520431198.105.1712.483176245

Household Income

Less than RM150010.859.6312.2035377660211.409.6413.4317039458810.338.7212.19183382014

RM1500 - RM35008.727.3310.331994325687.305.629.449019503010.378.2412.96109237537

More than RM35007.915.9810.39761626287.525.1210.9238809928.345.5512.363881637

Educational Level

Primary school5.644.407.20811521108.266.0111.25471005463.482.385.0834.0051564.26

Lower Secondary school (PMR)7.606.149.361162188836.835.198.95601130268.636.2311.8556.00105856.43

Upper Secondary school (SPM)11.199.6013.0023554826810.077.9712.6410825311312.3610.0815.07127.00295154.10

Matriculation/Form 614.0510.2418.964911052012.106.9620.21183731515.3010.3722.0031.0073205.83

College/University11.899.6214.6111226124610.017.5713.125312968914.5910.6319.7159.00131557.31

Others11.687.4717.81358077117.207.8433.6512369219.205.6214.6923.0043849.81

Occupational Group


Professionals8.565.8912.2936783936.874.1611.16183865411.256.4818.831839740

Technicians, allied professionals5.514.007.5546800784.833.097.4724446096.714.2310.482235469

Clerical12.859.5317.1145854349.255.0416.37112248414.9210.5720.643462950

Service, shop attendants, sales person7.775.8610.24581035437.264.9510.5230613308.675.7212.932842213


Craft and related trades workers8.816.3512.1044875459.446.6313.2738781075.672.4612.5569437

Plant and machine operators and assemblers9.827.4612.83601204238.746.1712.23367315512.167.6918.702447267

Manual workers9.326.9712.36591271269.246.6212.7641884789.525.3116.471838648

Army personnel

Retired5.591.6017.723118412.940.7211.252513317.992.7063.4316708

Students25.2719.5232.057623029922.9915.8632.093910670927.6519.3637.8237123591

Housewives6.134.837.771011977956.214.897.87101197795

Unemployed25.0218.1833.386217008523.6714.7535.72339748327.1017.8938.802972602

Others/refused to answer7.403.6614.4011230455.592.2413.2761213311.563.8729.80510912

Marital Status

Unmarried19.4617.2421.8936085949016.8614.2619.8119846260623.7319.9427.98162396884

Married5.264.576.052534824614.713.805.83992056945.764.786.92154276767

Divorced6.362.7913.867135457.823.4316.86713545

Widow4.471.7710.848163024.450.6126.19123114.481.6011.92713991

Normal

Table 8 : Prevalence of normal by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia49.2747.8450.703366698508152.0449.9554.121730375195546.4044.4548.3616363233126

Zone

South45.9942.7749.25601136700647.3842.5152.3129172218844.5340.4248.71310644818

Central48.9746.5251.421109263897450.8347.3654.28575140130047.0343.5550.545341237674

East Coast47.6143.7751.4945676980353.8148.2659.2725044759441.0436.0146.28206322208

North51.3747.6855.0446096929556.2350.8161.5023651664246.7641.7151.87224452653

Sabah54.4549.9158.9138261072657.5250.7264.0519632709151.2945.2757.26186283635

Sarawak52.8148.0957.4835862927955.3148.0162.3918233714150.2044.3256.07176292138

Strata

Urban49.3347.3951.281785416422450.2747.4253.11882215487148.3745.7251.039032009353

Rural49.1747.0951.261581282085854.6351.5957.64848159708443.4940.7146.327331223774

Ethnic Group

Malay45.9644.0647.881701354586149.4846.7552.22909196881442.2139.6244.857921577047

Chinese56.3353.3259.29882199423955.9151.4360.3040699589456.7552.6960.73476998345

Indian41.9037.2746.6826057509545.0938.5351.8213830187238.8732.3645.79122273223

Orang Asli PM68.5444.2985.66164743476.7741.1793.9862930258.4333.2079.901018131




Sex

Men52.0449.9554.1217303751955

Women46.4044.4548.3616363233126

Age Group

18-1954.1947.4560.7822978523257.0546.7766.7611041932351.2542.6659.76119365910

20-2952.3549.8154.871076222423854.1650.4757.80551117038150.4746.9953.965251053856

30-3950.6248.2053.02990185020051.0647.5254.5946494530850.1646.9053.42526904892

40-4945.8443.0848.63678133058949.2145.3653.0837372907042.3338.3746.39305601520

50-5941.3537.5445.2739379482249.7244.2655.1923248787432.6227.6937.97161306948

Household Income

Less than RM150049.5847.5751.581773354966655.9352.9358.88926193626443.6341.0246.288471613402

RM1500 - RM350047.8845.4850.291124237606748.4945.1151.90586129547647.1643.7850.575381080590

More than RM350051.5447.5855.48469105934948.3242.6254.0621852021555.0849.5960.44251539134

Educational Level

Primary school46.3643.4249.33672125061253.7749.3558.1334865470840.2736.4244.24324595905

Lower Secondary school (PMR)50.8247.8353.80723146390955.3751.3159.3642891606244.6840.4249.02295547847

Upper Secondary school (SPM)48.1245.6150.641098235834749.3045.6752.94554123927846.8843.4550.345441119069

Matriculation/Form 653.5847.3859.6619142157554.9545.2964.257616952052.6944.6860.57115252054

College/University52.5648.6456.44505115460150.2144.7855.6326665046155.9350.3561.36239504139

Others48.2841.4755.1617533382856.8142.5370.045812192644.4437.0652.09117211901

Occupational Group


Professionals47.2842.0752.5420043292442.8336.4149.5010524093754.3645.8662.6195191987


Clerical53.5747.7559.3018735618157.8148.0467.006714046451.1343.9258.29120215716





Manual workers54.6350.3058.8839774497959.7654.7164.6129757229742.5234.6150.84100172682

Army personnel46.9928.1866.69133810547.9328.8167.681338105

Retired38.5427.8550.46388159440.4228.7953.24347050329.759.6962.56411091

Students58.5350.9765.7119153334660.3349.3370.379828005956.6646.5166.2893253286

Housewives42.5039.8345.21725137045561.6332.7684.1192581942.2539.5844.967161344636

Unemployed43.1935.4251.3113129358641.4130.9752.687117053045.9335.3156.9360123055


Marital Status

Unmarried55.9052.8958.861035246894457.2453.3261.07642157090653.6949.0558.26393898038

Married46.1144.5247.712213422932348.6446.3050.981066212263843.8241.6646.0011472106685

Divorced58.7746.3570.174712507670.5941.2089.1582801156.0642.3768.893997065

Widow42.7033.6352.286815561246.7724.2270.73112427342.0232.3052.4057131338

Obes

Table 9 : Prevalence of obes by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia12.1511.2613.1086517223189.728.5411.0632770114114.6613.3716.045381021177

Zone

South13.8111.7916.1218941046210.037.6513.046715285617.7914.7421.32122257606

Central12.5010.9414.2629867383811.699.4314.4013432224713.3611.2915.74164351591

East Coast11.909.6314.611111924067.845.4411.17346520816.2012.5420.6877127198

North12.7210.5815.221232400217.685.3210.96337055417.5014.1521.4590169467

Sabah8.426.5910.6874944037.545.1910.8332428719.326.7612.724251532

Sarawak9.337.2511.93701111887.785.1711.54274740510.967.9914.864363782

Strata

Urban12.0110.8213.32466101411310.909.2012.8720346723113.1611.5514.97263546882

Rural12.3411.0813.733997082058.006.599.6912423391016.8614.8319.10275474295

Ethnic Group

Malay15.2813.9116.77562117899911.259.4513.3319544741919.5817.5821.75367731580

Chinese7.205.948.691282547577.776.0010.01681383906.614.968.7760116367

Indian12.6610.1615.679117376810.417.2214.78316969214.8111.2019.3160104075

Orang Asli PM0.000.000.00000.000.000.0000




Sex

Men9.728.5411.06327701141

Women14.6613.3716.045381021177

Age Group

18-195.943.1111.0823861256.522.3316.9611479225.352.6610.481238203

20-2910.268.8011.932004358079.427.4611.838820364111.129.0713.56112232165

30-3912.6811.2014.3325846363910.088.1612.409218662715.3613.2017.79166277012

40-4915.1213.2717.1924743893310.268.1912.778615193320.1917.2123.55161287001

50-5915.4912.8918.5113729781411.318.3315.195011101819.8515.7824.6787186796

Household Income

Less than RM150012.2911.0113.714518801818.156.4010.3112828201316.1814.4018.13323598167

RM1500 - RM350013.1311.6614.7631665175912.5910.6614.8015733622513.7711.6116.26159315534

More than RM35009.267.4311.49981903787.705.5810.55428290210.988.1314.6656107476

Educational Level

Primary school14.4112.4416.622003886187.505.5210.10479129420.0917.0523.52153297324





Others11.337.9115.9743783284.041.709.296867814.619.9820.893769651

Occupational Group


Professionals14.1610.9718.106212968815.8911.6221.35408939611.417.3517.282240291


Clerical9.626.5713.8632639319.985.4017.6911242419.415.7614.992139690





Manual workers11.068.6514.04781508747.465.2610.48407146219.5613.9126.783879412

Army personnel11.884.7726.635963612.124.8627.1559636

Retired16.848.9229.52133565614.426.6228.59102514828.198.6461.96310508

Students4.142.247.5217377333.721.807.5410172774.581.7811.27720456

Housewives16.9014.9619.0329254485916.584.9443.153694516.9014.9519.05289537914

Unemployed11.816.1921.38248027012.534.8728.62125160310.705.5419.651228668


Marital Status

Unmarried8.016.469.881563536817.955.9110.61922182458.106.0410.7864135435

Married13.7812.7314.90671126378910.859.4812.3823247333816.4414.9118.09439790451

Divorced8.763.6919.427186465.130.6829.78120369.593.7522.44616610

Widow23.6516.3632.92318620214.493.1347.072752225.1717.2135.242978680

Overweight

Table 10 : Prevalence of overweight by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia26.7125.5027.961,9073,786,83528.5526.7730.409762,058,75524.8023.1626.519311,728,080

Zone

South29.4426.6232.43389875,01433.0728.7037.75204504,00025.6222.1129.48185371,014

Central26.4724.4128.636401,426,18727.6024.7330.67338760,99025.2822.3728.42302665,196

East Coast27.1723.9330.68259439,30328.5223.9133.61126237,19625.7521.3730.67133202,108

North23.1020.1726.30206435,80025.8821.5030.80107237,78620.4516.7424.7599198,015

Sabah26.7623.2830.55216300,13627.6922.5233.53106157,43925.8021.1931.02110142,698

Sarawak26.0522.4030.07197310,39426.4721.0832.6795161,34525.6120.9230.94102149,050

Strata

Urban26.6024.9628.301,0082,245,19529.5027.0632.055501,264,56723.6121.4425.92458980,627

Rural26.8725.1128.718991,541,64027.1724.6729.82426794,18826.5624.1429.14473747,453

Ethnic Group

Malay27.1625.5428.841,0402,095,11529.2626.9331.715411,164,18724.9222.7227.25499930,928

Chinese24.9522.5027.58405883,44829.0025.2133.10229516,46820.8617.8324.26176366,980

Indian31.0126.6435.76195425,66429.3323.2836.2188196,35032.6226.4939.42107229,314

Orang Asli PM15.055.6434.41710,41215.993.5049.9546,10313.894.2636.8734,309




Sex

Men28.5526.7730.409762058755

Women24.8023.1626.519311728080

Age Group

18-1912.768.6018.5347184,85910.745.5919.632178,90114.849.0723.3526105,958

20-2920.2018.2722.28405858,36422.6219.7025.83210488,84017.7015.2920.39195369,524

30-3929.1727.0331.415821,066,21234.9531.6738.37325647,02323.2420.6026.10257419,189

40-4934.1431.6036.78546990,98335.0931.5238.83271519,83933.1529.5736.94275471,144

50-5935.1732.0639.53327686,41733.0428.2138.25149324,15238.5033.1344.17178362,265

Household Income

Less than RM150025.1423.5126.859541,800,31824.1421.8326.60417835,64426.0923.8328.48537964,674

RM1500 - RM350028.1426.0030.396691,396,51931.4228.3234.70382839,37924.3221.4827.39287557,139

More than RM350028.7025.4532.20284589,99935.6430.6540.97177383,73221.0717.2125.54107206,267

Educational Level

Primary school31.9029.2134.72459860,52229.4625.6333.60179358,66833.9130.2337.80280501,854


Upper Secondary school (SPM)26.1324.0228.376121,280,84830.3027.1133.69344761,66221.7519.0924.66268519,186



Others26.5021.0132.83102183,23718.6410.7130.431840,01130.0423.4337.6084143,227

Occupational Group

Legislators, senior officials and managers41.0230.9351.935011338042.2430.9054.454494,93035.7316.3561.25618,449

Professionals27.8723.4832.7412825524033.7227.7340.2992189,69318.5613.1225.593665,547

Technicians, allied professionals29.7426.0633.7120743217032.8828.0738.08141303,96624.2619.0030.4266128,204

Clerical20.9816.7425.957713947322.9616.0131.802955,80219.8314.7826.084883,671

Service, shop attendants, sales person30.8226.8335.1220141047735.3430.0541.01139298,53222.9917.7929.1762111,945

Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries24.6618.7531.706812446721.4615.2529.324383,44235.3923.0550.042541,025

Craft and related trades workers27.8123.3432.7713327637328.7423.8034.25113237,79323.1814.0235.832038,580

Plant and machine operators and assemblers27.8423.5832.5315734126028.7624.1333.89119240,84625.8417.4836.4338100,414

Manual workers24.7721.4028.47189337705323.4619.5627.86118224,65727.8521.6335.0671113,095

Army personnel41.1324.2460.41143335939.9523.1259.541331,755100.00100.00100.0011,604

Retired39.0328.2451.01398262742.2230.2455.193473,65124.077.9253.8958,976

Students12.068.1917.414410988012.977.2622.102460,19011.126.7417.782049,690

Housewives28.3525.9430.9050791425421.806.5852.4439,13228.4426.0130.99504905,122

Unemployed18.6113.2925.434712650320.1313.0629.713082,88516.289.3526.821743,618

Others/refused to answer25.8818.9634.27428059829.2520.6139.693163,45218.169.2232.651117,146

Marital Status

Unmarried16.3414.2918.62302721,69417.5314.8520.59194481,21414.3811.4217.95108240,480

Married31.6630.1933.151,5372,903,54935.5133.3137.777721,549,65428.1626.2230.187651,353,894

Divorced26.1017.1337.652455,55624.287.9454.4049,63526.5216.7239.362045,921

Widow28.2420.3237.7842102,92332.4713.3759.97516,85127.5419.2137.783786,072

overweight n obese

Table 11 : Prevalence of overweight and obese by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia38.8637.4840.252772550915338.2836.2740.321303275989639.4637.5741.3714692749257

Zone

South43.2540.0146.54578128547643.1038.1848.1527165685643.4139.3047.61307628620

Central38.9736.6041.39938210002539.2935.9242.76472108323838.6435.3242.064661016787

East Coast39.0735.3942.8837063170936.3531.2841.7516030240341.9536.7747.31210329306

North35.8132.4239.3632967582133.5628.7138.7714030833937.9633.2342.93189367482

Sabah35.1731.2739.2829039454035.2229.4441.4813820031035.1229.9340.68152194230

Sarawak35.3831.2039.8026742158234.2528.1440.9212220875036.5731.1342.38145212832

Strata

Urban38.6136.7440.521474325930740.4037.6243.24753173179836.7734.2839.347211527509

Rural39.2237.2341.241298224984535.1732.4138.04550102809843.4240.6246.267481221748

Ethnic Group

Malay42.4440.5444.361602327411440.5137.7943.28736161160644.5041.9047.138661662508

Chinese32.1529.4734.95533113820536.7632.6441.0929765485827.4824.0931.14236483347

Indian43.6838.9948.4828659943239.7433.2346.6311926604247.4340.7754.17167333390

Orang Asli PM15.055.6434.4171041215.993.5049.954610313.894.2636.8734309




Sex

Men38.2836.2740.3213032759896

Women39.4637.5741.3714692749257

Age Group

18-1918.7013.5525.247027098417.2610.0927.923212682220.1913.6628.8138144161

20-2930.4628.1632.86605129417132.0428.6135.6829869248128.8225.8132.02307601690

30-3941.8539.5044.24840152985145.0341.5548.5641783365138.5935.4841.80423696201

40-4949.2646.5052.04793142991645.3541.5449.2035767177153.3549.3157.34436758145

50-5951.2047.2855.1246498423144.3539.0349.8019943517158.3552.7163.78265549060

Household Income

Less than RM150037.4435.5239.401405268049932.2829.5335.16545111765742.2639.6844.898601562841

RM1500 - RM350041.2738.9343.66985204827844.0140.6847.39539117560438.0934.8241.46446872673

More than RM350037.9734.3541.7338278037743.3537.9748.8921946663432.0527.3437.15163313742

Educational Level

Primary school46.3143.3749.28659124914036.9532.8441.2722644996254.0150.0157.95433799178





Others37.8331.5644.5314526156622.6813.9834.62244868944.6537.2352.31121212877

Occupational Group


Professionals42.0436.9647.2919038492849.6142.9856.2613227909029.9723.1237.8558105838


Clerical30.5925.5336.1810920340432.9424.5942.53408004329.2423.0936.2569123361





Manual workers35.8331.8939.9726748862630.9226.5435.6815829611947.4139.4655.49109192507

Army personnel53.0133.3171.82194299552.0732.3271.191841390100.00100.00100.0011604

Retired55.8743.8167.275211828356.6443.8368.62449879952.2622.9780.08819484

Students16.2011.7221.966114761316.6910.3425.82347746715.6910.1123.562770146

Housewives45.2542.5547.98799145911238.3715.8967.2461607745.3442.6348.087931443036

Unemployed30.4222.8139.277120677332.6522.0345.424213448726.9818.1138.162972286


Marital Status

Unmarried24.3521.8527.02458107537525.4922.1829.1028669945922.4718.9126.50172375915

Married45.4343.8547.032208416733846.3544.0348.691004202299344.6042.4446.7812042144345

Divorced34.8724.2647.22317420329.4110.8558.8051167136.1224.3349.852662532

Widow51.8942.3661.297318912446.9723.9271.3872437352.7142.4062.7966164752

Obesity class1

Table 12 : Prevalence of Obesity Class 1 by Socio-demographic Characteristics

MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia9.188.3810.046551,300,9977.576.508.81257546,12910.839.7112.07398754,867

Zone

South9.127.4911.06127271,0837.175.259.7150109,21511.188.7014.2577161,868

Central9.618.1811.26230517,8449.477.3412.15107261,1719.758.0011.84123256,672

East Coast10.208.0412.8690164,9446.454.249.682653,61914.1810.6618.6364111,325

North10.528.5712.84101198,4526.024.028.922755,29814.7911.6718.5674143,154

Sabah6.775.188.816175,9766.454.339.512836,7067.104.9410.103339,270

Sarawak6.104.488.264672,6984.943.067.901930,1207.324.9010.802742,578

Strata

Urban9.027.9610.22354761,6788.787.2110.66166376,4719.277.9210.83188385,207

Rural9.408.2810.65301539,3195.804.617.2891169,65913.1411.3015.22210369,661

Ethnic Group

Malay11.4310.1912.804188817418.687.0310.68147345,54814..3512.6016.30271536,192

Chinese5.724.637.061042026686.044.548.0056107,6185.403.937.394895,050

Indian9.747.5412.50691337368.365.5512.412555,98511.067.9415.204477,751

Orang Asli PM0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Bumiputera Sabah6.294.289.1431365276.884.0111.581618,9895.753.329.771517,538

Bumiputera Sarawak4.472.817.0519277303.922.017.50912,4685.062.659.451015,262

Other Bumiputera6.633.7211.5614185953.711.3010.1545,5219.935.1118.411013,074

Sex

Men7.576.508.81257546,129

Women10.839.7112.07398754,867

Age Group

18-194.882.2610.211770,6805.391.5716.93739,6284.351.999.231031,053

20-297.386.158.82145313,4196.905.269.0067149,1257.876.1510.0178164,293

30-399.528.2211.00191347,9228.746.9410.9679161,83910.328.5512.40112186,082

40-4911.459.8413.28191332,2487.786.029.9967115,20315.2712.6718.30124217,044

50-5912.329.9715.11111236,7288.195.6611.693780,33416.6212.8721.2074156,395

Household Income

Less than RM15009.278.1010.58334663,4826.655.028.77101230,30711.7110.1813.45233433,174

RM1500 - RM35009.928.6511.35245492,3279.407.7611.35122251,15810.538.6512.75123241,169

More than RM35007.065.499.0576145,1896.014.238.463464,6658.235.7511.644280,524

Educational level

Primary school10.769.0912.69115290,2296.824.939.374283,03014.0011.5116.93113207,200



Matriculation/Form 66.163.999.402448,4944.932.0711.266151986.964.2211.261833,296


Others9.346.2113.813664,5622.520.867.1245,40012.418.1118.533259,161

Occupational Group


Professional8.766.3811.924180,2028.945.9613.192550,2708.475.0513.881629,932

Technician, Allied Professional9.307.2111.9267135,1379.917.1913.504391,6008.245.4312.312443,537

Clerical6.584.0810.462143,7617.743.8714.87918,8065.923.0511.171224,955

Service, shop attendants, sales person10.768.5013.5378143,2628.866.2412.423674,81414.0610.2219.024268,448

Skilled workers in agriculture & fisheries4.712.628.311323,7714.642.309.15918,0584.931.7812.8945,713

Craft & related trades workers6.033.969.082759,9716.504.1210.092353,7393.751.369.8746,232

Plant & machine operator & assemblers7.775.7910.355095,2588.045.6111.413467,3577.184.3111.711627,901

Manual worker8.536.4511.2160116,3856.594.519.533563,10213.128.6519.422553,283

Army personnel10.003.6424.6448,11410.213.7125.1148,1140.000.000.0000

Retired12.015.2825.04925,4298.552.6824.14614,92128.198.6461.96310,508

Student3.671.897.001533,4022.791.256.12812,9464.581.7811.27720,456

Housewife12.9011.1914.83225415,93216.584.9443.1536,94512.8511.1314.79222408,987

Unemployed9.554.3719.601864,90310.103.2027.65941,5998.704.0417.73923,304


Marital Status

Unmarried5.494.157.22108242,4135.743.938.3168157,5495.073.477.364084,864

Married10.579.6411.57517969,4108.727.4910.14187380,78712.2410.9113.72330588,623

Divorced8.563.5319.31618,2115.130.6829.7812,0369.343.5622.33516,175

Widow19.4712.7128.642470,96211.091.6248.6615,75720.8613.5030.812365,205

Obesity class 11


MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia2.031.692.45138288,5161.621.182.2148116,8122.461.953.1090171,703

Zone

South3.152.224.444093,5362.171.144.101233,1004.172.796.202860,436

Central2.011.462.7546108,1061.560.932.621743,1442.471.653.692964,992

East Coast1.070.601.881317,2350.940.392.2657,8191.200.572.5189,416

North1.610.922.791530,2871.310.453.70412,0071.891.023.471118,280

Sabah0.910.402.05710,1920.610.142.6923,4871.210.463.1656,705

Sarawak2.451.434.151729,1602.841.355.88817,2852.040.974.24911,875

Strata

Urban2.101.632.7076177,1761.561.012.402566,9002.651.953.6151110,276

Rural1.941.482.5562111,3401.711.082.682349,9132.181.573.043961,427

Ethnic Group

Malay2.692.153.3696207,3011.881.272.793274,9613.542.704.6464132,340

Chinese1.160.711.892041,0521.590.842.981128,2740.730.361.46912,778

Indian1.500.802.801120,5951.130.363.5337,5941.850.893.82813,001

Orang Asli PM0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Bumiputera Sabah0.580.132.6023,3720.880.125.9912,4330.310.042.161939


Other Bumiputera2.060.695.9845,7660.000.000.00004.381.4912.2045,766

Sex

Men1.621.182.2148116,812

Women2.461.953.1090171,703

Age Group

18-190.860.292.54412,4180.910.292.8636,6980.800.115.4715,720

20-291.941.322.843482,3791.951.083.491442,0351.931.193.122040,344

30-392.121.562.894577,5531.030.541.961019,0533.242.284.593558,500

40-492.641.863.753976,6602.051.163.611430,4183.252.075.072546,242

50-592.061.203.491639,5061.900.844.20718,6082.221.094.48920,898

Household Income

Less than RM15001.891.462.4372135,0421.130.691.841938,9552.601.933.495396,088

RM1500 - RM35002.461.813.3452122,2252.541.653.882567,7522.381.533.672754,473

More than RM35001.520.852.711431,2480.940.302.88410,1062.161.114.171021,143

Educational Level

Primary school2.281.543.373161,6050.680.281.6458,2653.602.345.512653,340

Lower secondary school (PMR)2.771.953.944079,9242.261.353.781737,4563.462.135.582342,467

Upper secondary school (SPM)1.741.242.424185,1241.560.882.741439,2201.921.302.832745,903



Others1.140.423.0547,8610.700.104.9011,5131.330.424.0936,348

Occupational Group


Professionals3.481.816.581231,8294.722.269.58926,5421.500.435.02352,287


Clerical2.621.265.35917,4182.240.568.5525,4352.841.216.52711,983


Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries0.510.112.3522,5790.000.000.00002.220.479.7922,579



Manual workers1.280.662.461117,4600.690.251.8946,6372.671.126.22710,823

Army personnel1.880.2612.4011,5221.910.2612.6411,5220.000.000.0000

Retired4.831.7412.71410,2285.862.1215.21410,2280.000.000.0000

Students0.480.121.9424,3310.930.223.8524,3310.000.000.0000

Housewives2.481.783.454279,9780.000.000.00002.511.803.504279,978

Unemployed1.980.695.57513,4411.960.408.9828,0772.000.616.3735,363


Marital Status

Unmarried1.641.062.532772,3081.700.972.941646,5431.540.763.101125,765

Married2.291.872.82107210,3621.611.112.333270,2702.912.273.7375140,092

Divorced0.200.031.4614350.000.000.00000.250.031.791435

Widow1.480.444.8635,4110.000.000.00001.730.525.6435,411

Obesity class111


MalaysiaMenWomen



Malaysia0.940.721.2272132,8050.530.340.832238,1991.360.991.875094,606

Zone

South1.540.962.472245,8430.690.271.74510,5412.441.414.181735,302

Central0.890.561.422247,8880.650.341.251017,9621.140.602.151229,927

East Coast0.630.301.32810,2270.450.131.6133,7690.820.332.0356,457

North0.600.271.31711,2820.350.081.5723,2490.830.332.0958,033

Sabah0.730.311.7568,2350.470.112.0022,6781.000.342.9545,557

Sarawak0.780.361.7079,3300.000.000.00001.600.733.4779,330

Strata

Urban0.890.621.283675,2590.560.301.021223,8601.240.791.932451,399

Rural1.000.691.473657,5460.490.250.941014,3391.540.972.422643,207

Ethnic Group

Malay1.170.851.604889,9570.680.401.141626,9101.691.132.503263,048

Chinese0.310.100.98411,0370.140.020.9912,4980.490.121.8838,539

Indian1.420.752.671119,4370.910.273.0836,1131.900.903.94813,324

Orang Asli PM0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000


Bumiputera Sarawak0.660.241.8244,1020.290.042.0219131.060.323.4133,189

Other Bumiputera0.880.126.0412,4770.000.000.00001.880.2612.1612,477

Sex

Men0.530.340.832238,199

Women1.360.991.875094,606

Age Group

18-190.210.050.8423,0260.220.031.5411,5960.200.031.4211,430

20-290.940.561.592140,0090.580.261.29712,4801.320.672.571427,529

30-391.040.671.632238,1640.310.100.9735,7341.801.102.921932,430

40-491.030.611.741730,0250.430.151.1856,3111.670.913.031223,714

50-591.120.572.191021,5801.230.542.79612,0771.010.333.0549,503

Household Income

Less than RM15001.140.821.594581,6570.370.180.75812,7511.861.292.693768,906

RM1500 - RM35000.750.451.261937,2070.650.331.261017,3150.870.401.88919,892

More than RM35000.680.321.44813,9410.760.252.2448,1320.590.221.5845,809

Educational Level

Primary school1.360.742.491436,7840.000.000.00002.491.364.501436,784

Lower secondary school (PMR)1.430.932.182541,0850.670.321.41711,0732.451.464.061830,012

Upper secondary school (SPM)0.550.330.921726,9970.330.120.9158,4120.780.431.401218,585

Matriculation/Form 60.200.031.3811,5530.500.073.5011,5530.000.000.0000


Others0.850.262.7735,9060.820.115.6711,7640.870.203.7024,142

Occupational Group


Professionals1.930.943.90917,6572.240.925.31612,5851.440.444.6035,072


Clerical0.410.101.6422,7520.000.000.00000.650.162.5822,752


Skilled workers in agriculture and fisheries0.350.052.4511,7640.450.063.1711,7640.000.000.0000

Craft and related trades workers0.260.061.0522,5930.310.081.2622,5930.000.000.0000


Manual workers1.250.513.03717,0290.180.031.2711,7233.771.439.55615,306

Army personnel0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Retired0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Students0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Housewives1.520.962.382548,9490.000.000.00001.540.982.412548,949

Unemployed0.280.041.9911,9270.470.073.2811,9270.000.000.0000


Marital Status

Unmarried0.880.541.442138,9600.520.251.08814,1541.480.772.821324,806

Married0.920.661.274784,0170.510.280.921322,2811.280.871.883461,736

Divorced0.000.000.00000.000.000.00000.000.000.0000

Widow2.700.957.4449,8293.400.4621.1211,7642.580.788.2238,064

Sheet1

AllLowerUpper

Underweight9.78.810.6

Normal49.347.850.7

Overweight26.725.528

Obese12.211.313.1

Prevalence (%)

Men

Underweight9.3

Normal52

Overweight28.6

Obese9.7

Women

Underweight10.1

Normal46.4

Overweight24.8

Obese14.7

Underweight

Normal

Overweight

Obese

Underweight

Normal

Overweight

Obese

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

Prevalence (%)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Men

Prevalence (%)

BMI- Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) by sex

Prevalence of Overweight in children according to age and sex

n = 11264

UKM/Nestle study 2002

Chart1

10.96

10.75.5

10.16.3

10.55.7

Lebih berat badan

Obesiti

Kawasan

Peratus (%)

Chart2

10.810.3

5.95.8

Lelaki

Perempuan

Jantina

Peratus (%)

Chart3

10.56.2

10.14.7

11.76.7

Lebih berat badan

Obesiti

Etnik

Peratus (%)

Chart4

4.85

6.65.4

8.45.2

115.6

12.56

15.47

15.47.6

Lebih berat badan

Obesiti

Umur (tahun)

Peratus (%)

Chart5

4.94.5

6.66.7

97.9

1011.9

12.612.4

16.913.8

15.415.5

Lelaki

Perempuan

Age (years)

Percentage (%)

Sheet1

Prevalens obesiti mengikut kawasan (BMI Cole)

Lebih berat badanObesiti

Utara10.96.0

Tengah10.75.5

Selatan10.16.3

Timur10.55.7

Prevalens obesiti mengikut jtn (BMI Cole)Lebih berat badan


Lelaki10.85.9

Perempuan10.35.8

P lbb obes megkut etnik BMI Cole)


Melayu10.56.2

Cina10.14.7

India11.76.7

P lbb Obes mgkutumur BMI Cole


64.85.0

76.65.4

88.45.2

911.05.6

1012.56.0

1115.47.0

1215.47.6

P LBB ikut jtn

LelakiPerempuan

64.94.5

76.66.7

89.07.9

910.011.9

1012.612.4

1116.913.8

1215.415.5

Sheet2

Sheet3

Healthy Weight Management: Eating Right, Living Well

Lifestyle approaches that can be changed to achieve healthy weightDietary practicesPhysically activity or exerciseAim to eat for healthFollow a healthy balanced dietMake smart food choices

BMI is an indicator of obesity and underweight and normal weight

Relationship of BMI to Excess Mortality300Age at Issue20-29250Mortality RatioBody Mass Index2001501005015030-39202530LowRisk4035HighRiskModerateRiskBray, 1987

Classification of Body Weight in Adults According to Body Mass Index, BMIWHO, 1998

Classification

BMI, kg/m2

Risk of co-morbidities

Underweight

< 18.5

Low (but risk of other clinical problems increased)

Normal range

18.5 24.9

Average

Overweight

> 25.0

Pre-Obese

25.0 29.9

Increased

Obese Class I

30.0 34.9

Moderate

Obese Class II

35.0 39.9

Severe

Obese Class III

> 40.0

Very severe

Waist CircumferenceCorrelates abdominal fat distribution and associated ill health.Increased risk:Men > 94 cm (37 in.)Women > 80 cm (32 in.)

Lower values have been proposed for Asians men > 90cmwomen>80cm

BMI category according to sex (percent)

Prevalence of central obesity by age group according to sex

Prevalence of central obesity by BMI according to sex

Good dietary practicesAim to eat for health

Follow a healthy balanced diet

Make smart food choices

How to eat right and live well in our daily livingBeing healthy is about balance between good nutrition and physical activity/exercise

Maintaining an ideal body weight

FatCHOProtActivityTEFBMREnergy balanceInputOutputEnergy balance and body weightStableweight

FatCHOProtActivityTEFBMREnergy balanceInputOutputWeight loss

Energy balance and body weight

FatCHOProtActivityTEFBMR

Energy balanceInputOutputWeightGainEnergy balance and body weight

Balanced Diet

Rice,noodles, breads, cereal products , and tubersFruits and vegetables

Milk, dairy products, fish, chicken, meats and legumesFats, oils, sugar and salt

Malaysian Food PyramidBalanced Diet

Rice,noodles, breads, cereal products , and tubersMain selection, high fibre foodsEat in moderation foods which are not good sources of fibreFat will increase caloric content of foods, thus reduce intake of fried and fatty foods

Fruits and vegetablesUlam-ulaman / salads are great choices Reduce intake of vegetables prepared either fried or masak lemakSelect vegetables prepared as soups, sauted or stir friedVegetable juices should be taken fresh and without sugar

Fruits and vegetablesMake sure your first choice are fresh fruitsReduce intake of cordial drinks, fruits in heavy syrup and dried fruits

Fruit juices are best drank fresh without added sugar

Main selection: legumes, tofu, tempeh, egg white and fishReduce fried fish and chicken as well as processed meat.Select chicken and meats which are not fried. Skin and excess fat should be trimmedMilk, dairy products, fish, chicken, meats and legumes

Fats, oils, sugar and saltWhat are the food sources?Fats and oilsGhee, butter, creamer, santan,margerine, mayonnaise, cooking oilSugarWhite sugar, brown sugar, gula melaka, syrup, honey, condensed milkSaltsSalt, MSG, seasonings, ketchup

Fatsugar+SaltFats, oils, sugar and salt

HowWhyWhen

Eat slowly (> 20 mins) Eat only when hungry Stop eating when full If you often skip your meals, set an eating schedule and follow it Healthy eating habits

Apple & Pear ?

Aim for an ideal body weight

Weigh yourself regularly; regular, once a monthCalculate BMICalculate ideal body weight (IBW)18.5-24.9 (m)2 Eg. If you are 1.6m, then IBW= (18.5-24.9) 2.56 =47 to 64 kg

Calories in breakfast foodsFoodserving sizekcalRoti canai1 set339Dosai 1 set340Capati 1 set322Nasi lemaka plate687Nasi goreng a plate 386Nasi kerabu a plate535

Nasi lemak687 kcal

Nasi kerabu535kcal

mee kari 702 kcal

Calories in varieties of noodlesFoodserving sizekcalMee goreng a bowl 281Mee kari a bowl 702Mee sup a bowl 355Mee bandung a bowl 491Soto ayam a bowl528

Calories in varieties of riceFoodserving sizekcalNasi putih a plate 250Nasi lemak a plate687Nasi goreng a plate386Nasi kerabu a plate535Nasi ayam a plate565Nasi beriani a plate559Nasi dagang a plate508

How can we be physically activeStart being physically active

Involves all movements which use energy in our daily life eg; working, recreational activities, exercise and sports

How can we be physically activeTo increase fitness of the heart breathingduration at least 20-30 minutesfrequency 3-4 times a week, preferably everyday

Practice an active lifestyleSelect physical activities which suit you Do these activities at least 30 minutes a day ( can be totalled up to a whole day ie 10 minutes per session)

Practice an active lifestyle Exercise correctly

Take time to warm up before exercising

Always cool down after exercising

Consult your doctor if you areOver 35 years and maleOver 40 years and femaleHave not been exercising regularlyUncertain of your healthHave hypertension, diabetes, heart disease

Examples of light physical activities60 minutes everydaywalkingstretchingLight gardening activities

Examples of moderate physical activities30 minutes everydaybrisk walkingcyclingWalking up and down staircase (reduce using lift)

Minutes activity needs to be carried our by body weight (burn 100 kcal)Game/exercise50 kg80 kgAerobic dancing23 min15 minBadminton2615Football1610Golf3421Gardening3823

Minutes activity needs to be carried our by body weight (burn 100 kcal)Game/exercise50 kg80 kgTennis2013Walking (6.4km/hr)2214Jogging (8.8km/hr)138Running (11.2km/hr)106Bicycling (8.8km/hr) 2717

Take home messageInvest in a good weighing scale and weigh yourself once a weekMaintain a healthy weightAim to eat for healthFollow a healthy balanced dietMake smart food choices

Take home messageStart being physically activeInvest in a pedometer (to calculate number of steps- recommended 10,000 steps per day) Select physical activities which suit you Do these activities at least 30 minutes a day, at least 3-4 times a week, preferably every dayEnjoy your exercise

Thank you for your attention

eating right, living well: reducing the risk of diseases assoc prof dr norimah a.karim dept of...

Documents

mean weighttable

bmi kgm2prevalence

karim dept of nutrition

secondary school pmr63

asli pm48

levelprimary school62