easy to swallow wireless telemetry ppt

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Seminar on Advanced Topics(SE801)

Easy-to-Swallow WirelessTelemetry

Sriraksha B S4MC10EC082

Dept. of ECE

MCE, Hassan

Seminar/Project Co-ordinators

1. Dr.B.R.Sujatha

2. Mr.D.S.Keerthi


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Contents

Introduction

Wireless Telemetry Methods Used in

Electronic Pills

Hardware Design for Electronic Pills

Batteryless Electronic Pills

High-Speed Wideband Technology for

Electronic Pills

Future Developments

Conclusion

Easy-to-Swallow Wireless Telemetry 220/4/2014


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Introduction

Development of biomedical technologies is an

urgent necessity to improve diagnostic services.

Electronic pill technology is a more recent

development.

A small miniaturized electronic pill can reach allareas such as small intestine.

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Fig: A wireless endoscope monitoring system


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Fig: (a) An electronic pill inside the human body and (b) an antenna

in the dissipative medium.


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Movement Of Capsule

Through The DigestiveSystem

DATARECORDER

COMPUTER

Data Acquisition & Storage Of Data

On Computer20/4/2014 Easy-To-Swallow Wireless Telemetry 6


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Earlier design was based on narrow-bandtransmission.

Frequency used was ultra-high-frequencyaround 400MHz.

Current technology uses the Zarlinksfrequency in MICS band (402-405 MHZ).



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Recent technology have enabledthe design of small-size camerasand batteries.

It is important to select the righttransmission frequency band forwireless pill.

Unlicensed ISM and MICS bandsare often used for wireless pills.


Wireless Telemetry Methods Used In

Electronic Pill

Fig: An MICS antenna designed for

biological tissues


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Fig: Available unlicensed

wireless frequencies

UWB can also be used for

electronic pills.

UWB and MICS bands willprovide the most suitable

telemetry design.

Fig: Capsule shape UWB antennas


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Fig: Comparison of implanted/ingested antennas


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Fourier series expansion of UWB signal is given by,

Specific Absorption Rates (SAR


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Fig: A UWB antenna coupling through meat Fig: Measurement results for a capsule-

shaped UWB antenna.


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Fig: Physical shapes for electronic pills with possible locations of antenna.


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Hardware designs for Electronic Pills

E-pill uses a transmitter circuit based on RF Colpitts oscillator

The operation frequency of these transmitters is established by the

frequency selection filter consisting of L1, C1, and C2 as

Inductors and capacitors will have tolerance variations that will result

in potential offsets

One way to overcome this issue is to use a crystal to maintain the

oscillator frequency



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Fig: E-pill transmitters based on RF Colpitts oscillator : (a) a common collector Colpittsoscillator. (b) a common base Colpitts oscillator with crystal


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Lack of multiuser

capability

A pseudo noise (PN)

code for identification so

that the receiving device

can identify theindividual electronic pill.

Requires a receiver and

a microcontroller to

provide bidirectionalcommunication

Fig: Advanced hardware design for an electronic pill


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An electronic pill is similar to a wireless sensor nodes.

Commonly used wireless sensor platforms are Mica2DOT

and T-node.

Fig: 3 Commercial sensor node examples :(a) a Mica2DOT board and (b) a T-node

sensor node


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Fig: Various hardware sensor nodes configurations


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Battery less electronic pills

Life time provided by the battery may not satisfy.

Current electronic pills have limited operationaltime.

Average Current Consumption



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One way to enhance this operational lifetime is to

charge the battery wirelessly.

Batteryless pills operate based on passivetelemetry

Desired Battery Life


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High Speed wideband Technology for

electronic pills

Detailed images with higher-resolution cameras may be

required.

A wideband radio link is desired for the high capacity data

transfer and, therefore, improved image resolution.

A transmitter with 1.2GHz carrier and 20MHz BW

New unlicensed UWB band 3.1-10.6 GHz



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ADVANTAGES


High sensitivity, Good reliability & Life time.

Physical size is extremely small.

Simplicity of the transmitter design.

Less transmission length and hence has zero noise

interference.

Power consumption is very less.


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DISADVANTAGES


Pills are expensive and are not available in many

countries.

Still its size is not digestible to small babies.

Complex hardware design for Multi access

capability.

EM interference limits the use of wireless.


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Future developments

Multi-access communication technique

Wireless power

The need of a high frequency link

Small size antennas

The external unit



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Fig: Basic building blocks of a potential electronic pill medical system for the future.


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Conclusion

The systems proposed and commercialized for electronic pills

are reviewed

Current designs show the technology is still in its infancy, mainly

due to the small size requirement

A high-capacity radio system is currently necessary for electronic

pill technology

A wideband electronic pill can transmit raw video data without

any compression,

R f


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[1] J. O. Sines, Permanent implants for heart rate and body temperature recording in

the rat, AMA Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, vol. 2 no. 2,pp. 182183, 1960.

[2] R. S. Mackay, Radio telemetering from within the human body,Science, vol. 134,

pp. 11961202, 1961.

[3] C. McCaffrey, O. Chevalerias, C. OMathuna, and K.Twomey,Swallowable-capsule

technology, Pervas.Comput., vol. 7, pp.2329, Jan.Mar., 2008.

[4] R. S. Mackay and B. Jacobson, Endoradiosonde, Nature, vol. 179,pp. 12391240,

June 1957.

[5] J. T. Farrar, V. K. Zworykin, and J. Baum, Pressure sensitive telemetering capsule

for study of gastrointestinal motility, Science,vol. 126, no. 3280, pp. 975976, Nov.

1957.

[6] G. Meron, The development of the swallowable video

capsule(M2A),Gastrointest. Endosc., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 8178199, 2000.

References


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easy to swallow wireless telemetry ppt

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