easy learning of english language
TRANSCRIPT
Easy Learning of English
Language
Izharulhaq Kamran | AREP | Provical Coordinator Email: [email protected] – [email protected] Phone: +93 781684958 Website: www.arep.org.af Skype: kamran201281
OSCEW
(Organization for Saving the Children and Emprowering of Women)
Laghman Branch
Download from:aghalibrary.com
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لړليک
۲۱ ۱ ۲
۲۱ ۲۱ ۱
۱۱ ۲۱ ۱
۱۲ ۱۲ ۲
۸۷ ۱۱ ۱
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لومړی برخه(عموميات)
د انګليسي ژبې لوی الفباء
A B C D E F G H I J
K L M N O P Q R S T
U V W X Y Z
د انګليسي ژبې کوچني الفباء
a b c d e f g h i j
k l m n o p q r s T
u v w x y Z
د انګليسي الفباؤ استعمال په پښتو ژبه کې
A J S
B K T
C L U
D M V
E N W
F O X
G P Y
H Q Z
I R
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د پښتو ژبې الفباؤ استعمال په انګليسي ژبه کې
T P B A, E, I, O, U
CH J, G S T
KH H Z S
R Z D D
G ZH, J Z R
S KH SH S
A Z T D, Z
K Q, K F GH
N M L G
E, I, Y, U H W, V N
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توري مرکب يا ترکيبي
Compound letters
1. Ch Chalk
2. Sh Shy
3. Zh Zhala
4. Gh Ghulam
5. Kh Khala
6. Ph Phone
7. Ture Nature
8. Tion Nation
9. Sion Television
01. Cient Ancient
11. Cial Special
د انګليسي ژبې د تلفظ قاعدې
۱BTBMB
Examples: Break, Debt, Thumb, Comb
۲C C E,I,Y
Examples: City, Center, Cycle, Car
۳DDjGD
Examples: Door, Adjective, Bridge
۴VEV
Example: Live
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۵GGEIG
GY GGM
N
Examples: Girl, Gender, Gymnastic, sing, Diaphragm
۶KNK
Examples: Knife, Knee
۷LL
Examples: Chalk, Talk, Walk
۸NMN
Examples: Autumn
۹QQU
Examples: Queen, Quite, Quick, Quality, Quantity
۱۱TTChT
TS T
Examples: Watch, Whistle
۱۱WWRW
Examples: Wrong, Write
۱۲X
Example: Exam, X-ray
د انګليسي الفباؤ تقسيم بندي
۱۱
Vowel Letters
(A, E,I,O,U)
(Simi Vowel Letters)
W,Y
Consonant
B,C,F,G,H,J,K,L,M,N,P,Q,R,S,T,V,X,Z
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(:Article)د تعريف توری
Articleefinite D
The
sIndefinite Article
AAN
A
A
Ruler BookPen
A Ruler A book A pen
AN
AN
EggOrange Apple
An Egg An orange An apple
(:Tobe Verbsکومکي افعال )
Is, Am, Are
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(:Subject Pronouns) ضميرونه يفاعل
,
He, She, It,I,You,We,They
Complement.Not
IS
He
IS She
It
AM IAm
Are
You
Are We
They
(:Object Pronounsفعولي ضميرونه )م
Object
1. Him –
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2. Her –
3. It –
4. Me –
5. Us –
6. You –
7. Them –
(: Demonstrative Pronounsاشاري ضماير )
This is a boy. This
These are boys. These
That is a girl. That
These are girls. Those
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(:Possessive Pronounsملکي ضماير )
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(:Possessive Adjectives) صفاتملکي
1. His –
2. Her –
3. Its –
4. My –
5. Our –
6. Your –
7. Their –
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دوهمه برخه
معلوماتي سوالونه
WH or Information Questions
What?
What is a WH or Information Question which is used to ask about things.
څه يا څه شی؟
Examples:
1. What is this? This is book 1.
2. What is your name? My name is Jamila.
3. What is in your pocket? Ten dollars.
4. What are these? Mobiles and computers.
5. What is his job? He is a police officer.
Who?
Who is a WH or information question which is used to ask about persons.
څوک؟
Examples:
1. Who is he? He is my brother.
2. Who is your English teacher? Shaista Noori
3. Who are them? They are her children.
4. Who is he president of Afghanistan? Mohammad Ashraf Ghani
5. Who wants to be a doctor? Ahmad wants to be a doctor.
How?
How is a WH or information question which is used to ask about manner and nature.
څنګه؟
Examples:
1. How is your father now? He is ok, thanks.
2. How was your exam? Not bad.
3. How is her English? She is good in English.
4. How are your teachers in school? They are good and I respect them a lot.
Where?
Where is a WH or information question which is used to ask about places.
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رته؟ چي
Examples:
1. Where is located China? It located in Asia.
2. Where were you born? I was born in Kabul.
3. Where were you last week? I was in New York.
4. Where is she living? She lives in New Delhi.
5. Where should we meet tomorrow? We should meet in the park.
When?
When is a WH or information question which is used to ask about time.
کله يا څه وخت؟
Examples:
1. When is your birthday? On 02, jan,1990
2. When will you graduate from LLB Faculty? Next year.
3. When are you going to start your business? May be next month.
4. When did u join the Army? In 2009.
5. When is she coming to the class? Tomorrow.
Why?
Why is a WH or information question which is used to ask about reason?
ولی؟
Example:
1. Why you go to school? To study.
2. Why are you late? Because, I woke up late this morning.
3. Why she wants to be a doctor? Because, she wants to help her own people.
4. Why you want learn English? Because, it is an international language.
5. Why are they studying hard? To get high marks in their exam.
6. Why are you here? I have an appointment with the doctor.
7. Why you don’t come at 12:11 PM? Because, I have another class at 02:00 PM.
8. Why we don’t have security in Afghanistan? Because, we are honest with our own
country.
9. Why he is laughing? He watching a funny video.
10. Why you don’t watch Pakistani movies? Because, I don’t like Pakistani movies.
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Which?
Which is a WH or information question that is used to ask about persons, places and things.
کوم؟
Examples:
1. Which one is your pen? The red one.
2. Which place is the best place of Kabul? Bagh babur and Qargha.
3. Which one is your brother in this pic? The one with black jacket.
4. Which president has worked the best for Afghanistan? Hamid Karzai.
5. Which part is the best part of Khuda Gawa movie? I love the songs.
Whose?
Whose is a WH or information question which is used to ask about ownership or property.
د چا؟
Examples:
1. Whose pen is this? This is Ahmad’s pen.
2. Whose car is that? That is my car.
3. Whose brother is that? He is her brother.
4. Whose Computer is broken? Maryam’s computer is broken.
5. Whose cell phone keeps ringing? Shabnam’s cell phone is ringing.
Whom?
Whom is a WH or information question which is used to ask about persons.
؟ يا چاته چا
Examples:
1. To whom it may concern? It may concern to all.
2. To whom did you talk today? I talked to my girl today.
3. Whom dose Sarah love? Kabeer.
4. With whom are you talking now? I am talking to my mother.
5. Whom did you see? Maryam.
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دريمه برخه
Tense
Tense is a word which shows form of verb whether it's in present form, past form or in future form.
Tense is generally divided into three categories.
▪ Past tenses:
▪ Present tenses:
▪ Future tenses:
Past tenses
Simple past tense
Past continuous tense
Past perfect tense
Past perfect continuous
tense
Present tenses
Simple present tense
Present continuous
tense
Present perfect tense
Present perfect continuous
tense
Future tenses
Simple future tense
Future continuous tense
Future perfect tense
Future perfect continuous tense
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Past Tenses
ری زمانېتي
Simple past tense
Simple past tense talks about an action or situation which started and completed at a particular time
in the past.
Structures
▪ Subject + 2nd form of the verb + comp +.
▪ Subject + did not + base form of the verb + comp +.
▪ Did + subject + base form the verb + comp +?
Examples
▪ Nadia went to Logar last week.
▪ Nadia didn't go to Logar last week.
▪ Did Nadia go to Logar last week?
Past progressive tense
Past progressive tense shows an action which was or wasn't in progressive for some time in the past.
Structures
▪ Subject + was/were + verb + ing + comp +.
▪ Subject + was/were + not + verb + ing + comp +.
▪ Was/were + subject + verb + ing + comp +?
Examples
▪ Jamila was watching television when I called her.
▪ Jamila was not watching television when I called her.
▪ Was Jamila watching television when I called her?
Past perfect tense
Past perfect tense expresses an action which took place or didn't take place before another action or
time in the past.
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Structures
▪ Subject + had + third form of the verb + comp +.
▪ Subject + had + not + third form the verb + comp +.
▪ Had + subject + third form of the verb + comp +?
Examples
▪They had finished level tow before level three.
▪They hadn't finished level tow before level three.
▪Had they finished level tow before level three?
Past perfect progressive tense
Past perfect progressive tense expresses an action which was or wasn't in progress before another
action or time in the past.
Structures:
▪ Sub + had + been + verb + ing + comp +.
▪ Sub + had + not + been + verb + ing + comp +.
▪ Had + sub + been + verb + ing + comp +?
Examples:
▪ We had been studying level three by the time we started intensive.
▪ We had not been studying level three.
▪ Had we been studying level three?
Present Tenses
زمانې حال
Simple present tense
Simple present tense shows habitual action, daily activities and general fact.
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Structures
▪ Subject + verb + (s/es) + complement +.
▪Subject + verb + (does not/do not) + complement +.
▪ Do/Does + sub + verb + complement +?
Examples
▪ He studies English every day.
▪ He does not study English every day.
▪ Does he studies English every day?
Present continuous tense
Present continuous tense shows an action which is happening right now.
Structures
▪ Subject + is, am, are + verb + ing + complement +.
▪ Subject + is, am, are + not + verb + ing + complement +.
▪ Is, am, are + sub + verb + ing + complement+?
Examples
▪ She is looking to me.
▪ She is not looking to me.
▪ Is she looking to me?
Present perfect tense
Expresses an action that happened or did not happen before another action in present or in the past
in an unspecified time.
Structures
▪ Sub + have/has + 3rd form of the verb + complement +.
▪ Sub + have/has + not + 3rd form of the verb + complement +.
▪ Have/has + sub + 3rd form of the verb + complement +?
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Examples
▪She has studied level four.
▪She hasn't studied level four.
▪Has she studied level four?
Note: In present perfect tense we have the following different usages.
Many times, several times, twice, since and for.
Since: is a word which shows the specific time in the sentences.
Ex. I have taught English since 1990.
For: is a word which shows the duration of an action in the sentences.
Ex. I have taught English for 5 years.
Present perfect progressive tense
Present perfect progressive or continuous tense express the duration of an action which started in
the past, comes to present, may or may not go to the future.
Structures
▪ Subject + have/has + been + verb + ing + comp +.
▪ Subject + have/ has + not + been + verb + ing + comp +.
▪ have/has + subject + been + verb + ing + comp +?
Examples
▪ She has been studying English.
▪ She hasn't been studying English.
▪ has she been studying English?
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Future Tenses
زمانې راتلونکي
Simple future tense
Simple future tense expresses which will or will not take place in the coming time.
Structures:
▪ Sub + will/ be going to + verb + comp +.
▪ Sub + will + not + verb + comp +.
▪ Will/ be going to + sub + verb + comp +?
Examples:
▪She will finish level 1 next week.
▪She will not finish level 1 next week.
▪Will she finish level 1 next week?
Future progressive tense
Future progressive tense shows an action which will be or won't be in progressive for some time in
the future.
Structures:
▪ Subject + will/be going to + be + verb + ing + comp +.
▪ Subject + will/be going to + not + be + verb + ing + comp +.
▪ Will/be going to + sub + be + verb + ing + comp +?
Examples:
▪She will be working in this morning.
▪She will not be working in this morning.
▪Will she be working in this morning?
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Future perfect tense
Future perfect tense expresses an action which will be or won't be completed before another action
or time in the past.
Structures:
▪ Subject + will/be going to + have + 3rd form of the verb + comp +.
▪ Subject + will/be going to + not + have + 3rd form of the verb + comp +.
▪ Will + subject + have + III verb + comp +?
Examples:
▪ She will have finished the work.
▪ She will not have finished the work.
▪ Will she have finished the work?
Future perfect progressive tense
Shows the duration of an action which will be continuing before another action or time in the future.
Structures:
▪ Subject + will/shall + have + been + verb + ing + complement+.
▪ Subject + will/shall + not + have + been + verb + ing + complement+.
▪ will/shall + Subject + have + been + verb + ing + complement+.
Examples:
▪ Ajmal will have been studying English.
▪Ajmal will not have been studying English.
▪ Will Ajmal have been studying English?
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څلورمه برخه
Parts of Speech
اجزاوې کلامد
The words which are classified according to their functions in the sentences are called parts of
speech.
Parts of speech can be divided into two categories:
1. Open system items: The number of open system items are not limited.
Open system items are:
- Noun
- Verb
- Adverb
- Adjective
2. Closed system items: The number of closed system items are limited.
Closed system items are:
1- Pronoun
2- Conjunction
3- Preposition
4- Interjection
Difference between Open and Closed system items
Open system items Closed system items
Their number is not limited.
They are (adjective, adverb, Verb & Noun)
We can use affixes (Prefixes, Suffixes) to change either their meaning or structure.
Ex: -King --------- Reading Prefix- NounVerb-Suff
a lot of new words come into English every year. When a new word is
Their number is limited.
They are (Conjunction, interjection, pronoun & preposition)
We can't add affixes to them.
New words are not coined in closed system.
They don’t make the major part of the English vocabulary since they are few in numbers.
We cannot change into one another. For example, a conjunction with
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coined it must be of open system items.
Ex: Online --------Mail etc
They make a major parts of the English vocabulary viz they are more in number.
They can be changed into one another. For example, we can change a verb into a noun and vice versa.
Ex: Introduce--------Introduction
Verb Noun
Ex:Danger ---------Endanger
Noun Verb
pronoun, and vice – versa.
Noun:
Noun is a naming word.
Noun names place, person, thing, animal, quality, idea & substance.
NO Nouns Meanings Used for?
1 Laghman Place
2 Majabeeen Person
3 Buffalo Animal
4 Skills, Talent Quality
5 Sadness, Happiness Idea
6 Ruby, Emerald Substance
Types or kinds of noun
1. Proper Noun
2. Common Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Material Noun
5. Abstract Noun
6. Concrete Noun
7. Compound Noun
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Proper Nouns: are those nouns, which refer to proper person, or place. Or those nouns,
which name particular person and place. Note: Proper nouns are usually written with capital letter and we don't use the articles
(a/an) with Proper noun.
No Examples of Proper Nouns Used for?
1 Shabnam Person
2 New York Place
Common Nouns: are those nouns, which refer to common people, places and things or
items.
No Examples of Common Nouns Meanings
1 Girl
2 Pen
3 Car
4 Computer
5 Mobile
Collective Nouns: are those nouns, which are singular in form, but plural in meaning.
No Examples of Collective Nouns Meanings
1 Army
2 Marines
3 Family
4 Staff
Note:
Collective Nouns either take singular and plural verb with different meaning.
Ex: Team is ready. (as a whole)
Ex: Team are ready. (all members are individually ready)
Ex: Team are ready. (Different team from different countries)
Material Nouns: are those nouns, which refer to the substance from which other nouns
are made.
No Examples of Material Nouns Meanings
1 Emerald
2 Ruby
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Abstract Noun: are those nouns that don't have physical shape or existence.
Or those nouns, which cannot be seen or touched.
No Examples of Abstract Nouns Meanings
1 Education
2 Love
3 Sadness
4 hate
5 Experience
Concrete Nouns: are those nouns, which have physical shape or existence.
Or those nouns, which can be seen or touched.
No Examples of Concrete Nouns Meanings
1 Computer
2 Pen
3 Carpet
4 Chair
5 Bell
Compound Nouns: are those nouns, which are usually made of two or three words.
No Examples of compound Nouns Meanings
1 Bus driver
2 English teacher
3 Goalkeeper
Kinds of Compound Nouns
1. Closed compound Nouns
2. Open compoundNouns
3. Hyphenated compound Nouns
Closed Compound: When a compound noun is spelled, as one word is known as closed
compound.
No Examples of Closed Compound Nouns Meanings
1 Dishwasher
2 Beeswax
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Open Compound: When a compound noun is spelled as two words is known as open
compound.
No Examples of Open Compound Nouns Meanings
1 Bus driver
2 Candy store
3 English teacher
Hyphenated Compound: When we use a hyphen between or among noun is called
hyphenated compound.
No Examples of Hyphenated Compound Nouns Meanings
1 Father-in-law
2 Mother-in-law
3 Editor-in-chief
Formations of Compound Noun د مرکب اسمونو جوړښټ( )
Noun + Noun: Ex: Grammar book --- bus driver.(etc)
Note: In this formation the first noun, function as an adjective and it's usually singular in
form.
Noun + Gerund: Ex:Room cleaning --- Staff training. (etc)
Gerund + Noun: Ex:Bed room --- Dining room.(etc)
Verb + Noun: Ex: Pick pocket.(etc)
Noun + Verb: Ex: Handshake --- Milk shake.(etc)
Adjective + Noun: Ex:White board --- Sweet heart. (etc)
Noun + Preposition + Noun: Ex:Sister-in-law --- brother-in-law.(etc)
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Numbers of Noun Are used to show whether a noun is singular or plural
(a) Singular nouns:
(b) Plural nouns:
Singular Nouns: Are those nouns, which don't usually have (s, es).
s,esاسمونه: مفرد
Plural Nouns: Are those nouns, which usually have (s, es).
s,es: اسمونه جمع
How to change Singular to Plural nouns Singular nouns can be changed to plural by adding (s).
Singular Plural
Pen Pens
Hen Hens
Nouns that end in (ch, sh, s, o, x, z, zz, ss) can be changed to plural by adding (es).
Ch, Sh, S, O, X, Z, ZZ, SSES
Singular Meanings Plural Meanings
Watch Watches
Fish Fishes
Quiz Quizzes
Glass Glasses
Box Boxes
Bus Buses
Mango Mangoes
Exceptions: These nouns end in (o), but take only (s).
استثنا
Singular: Plural:
Dynamo Dynamos
Kilo Kilos
Photo Photos
Piano Pianos
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Nouns that end in consonant plus (y) are changed to plural by changing (y) to (i) and add (es).
YY
YIES
Meanings Plural Meanings Singular
Cities City
Babies Baby
Ladies Lady
Countries Country
Nouns end in (f, fe) are changed to plural by changing (f, fe) to (v) and add (es).
FFeFFeVES
Meanings Plural Meanings Singular
WivesWife
LivesLife
ThievesThief
Exceptions: These nouns end in (f, fe), but take only (s).
استثنا
S
Chief Chiefs
Cliff Cliffs
Chef Chefs
Irregular nouns can be changed to plural form as:
Meanings Plural Meanings Singular
MenMan
WomenWoman
ChildrenChild
TeethTooth
Mice Mouse
Lice Louse
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Pronoun ضمير
Is a word used in place of a noun in order to avoid the repetition of a noun.
Kinds of Pronoun
1. Subject Pronouns
2. Object Pronouns
3. Possessive Pronouns
4. Reflexive Pronouns
5. Demonstrative Pronouns
6. Indefinite Pronouns
7. Interrogative Pronouns
8. Relative Pronouns
9. Reciprocal Pronouns
10. Distribute Pronouns
11. Emphatic Pronouns
Subject Pronouns: فاعلي ضميرونه
Are those pronouns, which are normally used before main verb in order to function as a subject of a
sentence.
Subject Pronouns are:
Subject pronouns Meanings Details
He
She
It
I
You
We
They
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Object Pronouns: Are those pronouns, which are normally used after main verb, in order
to function as the object of the sentence. Object Pronouns are:
1. Him
2. Her
3. It
4. Me
5. Us
6. You
7. Them
Ex: He teaches them.
Ex:She loves Him.
-----------------
Possessive Pronouns: Are those pronouns, which are used to show possession or
ownership. Possessive Pronouns are
1. His
2. Hers
3. Mine
4. Ours
5. Yours
6. Theirs
Note: Possessive Pronouns can be used before main verb at the beginning of a sentence and after
main verb at the end of a sentence.
Ex:Yours is so expensive.
Ex:His is cheap.
Ex:This mobile is yours.
----------------
Reflexive Pronouns: Are those pronouns in which the action of the sentence reflects or
turn back to the subject of a sentence is called reflexive pronoun. Or when the object or subject of a sentence is the same people or things
Note: Reflexive pronouns contain two suffixes at the end.
Self =>Singular
Selves =>Plural
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Reflexive pronouns are:
1. Himself
2. Herself
3. Yourself
4. Themselves
5. Ourselves
6. Myself
7. Yourselves
8. Itself
Ex: I Workmyself.
Ex: He calledhimself a great doctor.
Ex:She went to Kabul herself.
By + Reflexive pronoun: Means only or without help. Ex:She went to Kabul by Herself.
Ex:WeTalked to the Prime minister of India by ourselves.
-------------------
Demonstrative Pronouns: Are those pronouns, which are used to demonstrate or point
out person, place, and things. Demonstrative pronouns are also called Dem-pronouns.
اشاری ضماير
Some Demonstrative Pronouns are listed here:
This: Used for singular near place, person, and thing.
That: Used for singular far place, person, and thing.
These: Used for plural near places, persons, and things.
Those: Used for plural far places, persons, and things.
Note: The words (this, that, these, those) can be demonstrative pronouns and can be demonstrative
adjective.
This, that, these, those => As demonstrative pronouns: In this case after these words a noun is not
used directly.
Ex:ThisisCheap.
Ex: Those arenicepens.
This, that, these, those => As demonstrative adjective: In this case after these words a noun is used
directly.
Ex:This chair is mine.
Ex:Those tables are expensive. ----------------
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Indefinite Pronoun: Are those pronouns, which are used to show indefinite place,
person, and thing. And they are singular and take singular verb when they function as a subject of a sentence.
Note: Indefinite pronouns contain three compounds (some, any, no)
The following indefinite pronouns are grouped:
1. Someone (body
2. Something
3. Some where
4. Any one (body)
5. Any thing
6. Any where
7. No one (body)
8. No thing
9. No where
Those indefinite pronouns that start with (some), like (some one (body), some thing,
some where) can be used:
A. In Positive Statements
Ex: I want to go somewhere.
Ex: She likes to drinksomething.
B. In Question when we offer food, drink, or help.
Ex: Would you like something to drink?
C. In question expecting the answer with (yes).
Ex: Do you have somethingto eat?
Yes, I have.
Those indefinite pronouns that start with (any), like (any one (body), anything,
any where) can be used in negative in question statements.
Ex: Does she give anything to you?
Ex:She didn't eatanywhere?
Those indefinite pronouns that start with (no), like (no one (body), nothing, no
where) can be used in positive statements, but give negative meanings.
Ex:I want nothing from her.
Ex:She has nothing in her pocket.
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Interrogative Pronouns: Are those pronouns, which are used to interrogate or ask
about a noun or pronoun.
پوښتونکي ضماير
Interrogative pronouns are:
1. Who
2. Which
3. That
4. Whose (etc)
Ex: Who Studies hard?
Ex: Which is cheap?
Ex: Whose is this notebook?
-------------------
Relative Pronouns: Are those pronouns, which are used to combine dependent clause or adjective clause with an independent clause. Or those pronouns, which are used to introduce adjective clause
Relative Pronouns are:
1. Who
2. Whom
3. Which
4. That
5. Whose (etc)
Who: Is used in subjective and objective case for persons.
Ex: I have a girlfriend. She lives in New York.
Adjective Clause: I have a girlfriend, who lives in London.
Ex: I have a brother. I saw him at school.
Adjective Clause: I have a brother who I saw at school.
Whom: Is used in objective case for persons.
Ex: I know Dildar. I saw him in the zoo.
Adjective Clause: I know Dildar whom I saw in the zoo.
Which: Is used in subjective and objective case for things.
Ex:She has a pen. It is red.
Adjective Clause:She has a penwhich is red.
Ex: I bought a grammar book. I saw it last night.
Adjective Clause: I bought a grammar book which I saw last night.
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That: Is used for both people and things in subjective and objective case.
Ex:I bought her a necklace. It is nice.
Adjective Clause:I bought her a necklacethat is nice.
Ex: I know Khalid. I met him last night.
Adjective Clause: I know Khalid that I met him last night.
Whose: Is used for both people and things in possessive case.
Ex: I saw Ali. His father is a doctor.
Adjective Clause: I saw Ali whose father is a doctor.
------------------
Emphatic Pronouns: Are also called intensive or emphasizing pronouns when reflexive
pronouns are used to emphasize noun or pronouns, so they are called emphatic pronoun.
Note: Emphatic pronouns are normally used in three position of a sentence.
A. Before main verb after subject.
Ex:Hehimselfplay soccer.
Ex: They themselvesmade a big mistake.
B. At the end of a sentence or clause.
Ex: He worked hardhimself.
Ex:We learned Englishourselves.
C. At the beginning of a sentence with a comma.
Ex: Myself, I wrote homework.
Ex:Ourselves, we feel sad about the bad situations here in Afghanistan.
-------------
Reciprocal Pronouns: Are those pronouns, which refer to a noun mutually or equally.
Reciprocal pronouns are (one another, each other)
Ex:Help with each other.
Ex:Talk with one another.
-------------
Distributive Pronouns: Are those pronouns, which refer to a noun individually.
Distributive pronouns are:
1. Each
2. Every
3. Either
4. Neither
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Examples:
1. Every student should study hard for their exam.
2. The belong to each other.
3. I don’t like it either.
4. Neither, I am a Pakistani.
Adjectiveصفت
Is a word, which is used to modify noun or pronoun or gives extra information about noun or
pronoun.
صفت
Comparison of an adjective
In English grammar while knowing about high, higher and the highest quality of a noun here, an
adjective is used in three different degrees.
Degrees of an adjective
1. Positive degree
2. Comparative degree
3. Superlative degree
1. Positive degree of an adjective:- Is also called absolute adjective is a degree in which we
add neither suffixes (r) (er) (est) nor prefixes (less, more)
Examples:
1. The flower is beautiful.
2. Jamila is an intelligent student.
3. Bibi Gull is good woman.
2. Comparative degree: This degree denotes a higher degree of the quality then the positive
and we used this degree when we want to compare two things, two places, and two people
with each other.
Examples: 1. Ghofran is taller than Sabawoon. 2. Zarmina is sweeter than Maryem. 3. I am better than you.
3. Superlative degree: We used this degree when we want to compare one person with the
group of people, one thing with a group of things, one place with a group of place and we used the definite article (the) before superlative.
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Examples: 1. Bamyan is the coldest city in Afghanistan. 2. Muska is the best girl in the class. 3. Sangar is the tallest guy in the class.
Formation of comparative and superlative
For one syllable adjective we add (er) in comparative and (est) in superlative
Positive Comparative Superlative
Sweet Sweeter Sweetest
Great Greater Greatest
Tall Taller Tallest
Small Smaller Smallest
Neat Neater Neatest
When an adjective ends in (e) we add only comparative (r) and super (st)
Positive Comparative Superlative
Brave Braver The Bravest
Fine Finer The finest
Large Larger The largest
White Whiter The whitest
When an adjective ends in a single vowel +consonant, we double the consonant and
add (er) in comparative and (est) in super.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Big Bigger The Biggest
Red Redder The Reddest
Hot Hotter The hottest
Fat Fatter The fattest
When an adjective ends in a double vowel +consonant, here we don’t double
The consonant.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Sweet Sweeter The Sweetest
Great Greater Greatest
When an adjective ends in {consonant +y}, we change (y) to (i) and add (er) in
comparative and (est) superlative.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Happy Happier The Happiest
Heavy Heavier The Heaviest
Easy Easier The Easiest
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For two or more than two syllable adjective we add (less and more) in comparative
and (the least and the most) in superlative.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Interesting more Interesting The most Interesting
Intelligent more Intelligent The most Intelligent
Modern more Modern The most Modern
Famous more Famous The most Famous
Some adjectives have two possibilities, we can add (r, er, more) comparative and
(st,est, the most) in superlative.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Polite Politer/ more politer Politest/ most politest
Simple Simpler/ more simple Simplest/ most simplest
Cruel Crueler/ more crueler Cruelest/ more cruelest
Some adjective don’t have comparative and superlative forms, such adjectives are called absolute
adjective.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Excellent ? ?
Wrong ? ?
Modern ? ?
Famous ? ?
Perfect ? ?
Right ? ?
The comparative and superlative form of irregular adjectives.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Good Better The Best
Bad, ill, Evil Worse The worst
Far Farther Farthest
Late Later The latest
Old Older The Oldest
Many More The most
Much More The most
Little Less, lesser The least
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Conjunction ارتباطي توري
Is a word or group of words that is used to combine two sentences or clauses, two phrases and two
words.
: ارتباطی توری
Examples:
1. I am a boy and you are a girl.
2. Jamila and Maryem.
3. At home and at office.
نوټ
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VERB فعل
Verb is a word which shows an action, state of being and time in a sentence.
فعل
Ex: He drivesa car.
Shows action
Ex:Sheis in the office.
State of being
Ex:he was a student.
Shows time
Verb List
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Verb is generally divided into two groups:
(1) Ordinary verb
(2) Auxiliary verb
(1) Ordinary verb: Are also called main verbs.
Are those verbs which function only as a main verb in the sentence.
No Ordinary Verbs Meanings
1 Teach
2 Sing
3 Read
4 Write
5 Study
6 Walk
7 Talk
Ordinary verbs are generally divided into three groups:
(1) Transitive verbs
(2) Intransitive verbs
(3) Linking verbs
(1) Transitive verbs: Are those verbs which take or needs an object.
Structure:
Subject + transitive verb + object
Ex: He eats lunch.
Tran-v
Ex: She plays cricket.
Tran-v
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(2) Intransitive Verbs: Are those verbs which don’t need or take an object
Structure:
Sub + intransitive verb+ complement.
Intransitive verbs are {walk, go, live, climb, occur etc}
EX: Helives in New York.
Intra-v complement
EX: We go to school yesterday.
Intra-v complement.
Note:An object can’t be a complement, but a complement can be an object
----------------------
(3) Linking verbs: Are also called copulative or copular verbs,
Are those verbs which are used to connect a subject with a complement of a sentence, complement
is a word which completes the meaning of a sentence.
Complement must be either a noun or an adjective, (If it is a noun it is called a nouncomplement, if
it is an adjective it is called adjective complement)
Linking verbs are [is, am, are, was, were, get, taste, smell, look etc]
EX: He is a doctor.
Linking-v noun
Ex: She ispretty.
Linking- v adj
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Auxiliary Verbs
Are those verbs which are used to show the mood of a sentence and help the main verb of a
sentence
Auxiliary verbs have two meaning:
Dictionary meaning: Less important, the staff of low rank
Grammatical meaning: Helping or helpful,
Usages of Auxiliary Verbs:
Used to show degree of certainty. Ex: She will Go to Kabul. (70%75)
Ex: She may Go to Kabul. (50%)
Ex: She might Go to Kabul. (30%)
Used to show stages of obligation. Ex: You should work hard. (70%75)
Ex: You must work hard. (95%98)
Used to show habitual action. Ex: He would play with children when he was a child.
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Preposition اضافي توري
In a word or group of words, used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun with the rest of a
sentence.
Ex: The pen is on the desk.
Pre noun
Prepositions:
No Some Prepositions Meanings
1 In
2 On
3 To
4 At
5 Next to
6 Behind
7 In front of
8 Under
9 Top
10 Inside
11 Near
12 With
13 Between
15 Up
16 By
17 From
18 Into
19 Until
20 Outside
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Prepositions of Place
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Prepositions of Time
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Prepositions of Time and Locations
Adverbقيد
The word (adverb) means to add something extra to the meaning of a verb.Is a wordwhich is used to
modify a verb, noun, an adjective, an adverb, prepositional phrase and sometimes the whole
sentence?
Ex: Shedancesbeautifully. Verb adverb
Ex: The girlover there is an actress. Noun adverb
Ex: That Pen is verylight. Adv Adj
Ex: She speaks prettyfast. Adv Adv
Ex:Unfortunately,no one was present. Adverb whole sentence
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Interjection دغږ توري
Are words, which are used to express sudden feeling or emotion?
Interjections are :{oh, ah, alas, hurrah, huzza, bravo, wow, ouch, oops etc}
Interjections are used to show:
(a) Joy: Ex: Hurrah, huzza (etc)
(b) Grief: Ex: Alas (etc)
(c) Surprise: Ex: Oh, ah, wow (etc)
(d) Approval: Ex: Bravo (etc)
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پنځمه برخه
Daily Words
01 RELATIVES خپلوان خویشاوندان
Parents پلار و مور والدين
02 Father پلار پدر
03 Mother مور مادر
04 Sister خور خواهر
05 Brother ورور برادر
06 Son زوی پسر
07 Daughter لور دختر
08 Uncle کاکا تره، کاکا
09 Ante خاله خاله
10 Cousin ماما يا کاکا پسر زوی ماما د يا تره د
11 Nephew (بچه) زاده خواهر يا برادر وراره
12 Niece (دختر) زاده خواهر يا برادر وريره
13 Grand father کلان پدر نيکه
14 Grand mother کلان مادر نيا
15 Grand son (بچه) نواسه مسی
16 Grand daughter (دختر) نواسه مسۍ
17 Grand child مسيان نواسه
18 Great grand son (پسر) کواسه کړوسه
19 Great grand daughter (دختر) کواسه کړوسۍ
20 Step father اندر پدر پلار ناسکه
21 Step mother اندر مادر مور ناسکه
22 Step son اندر پسر زوی ناسکه
23 Step daughter اندر دختر لور ناسکه
24 Step wife بنه امباق
25 Husband ميړه شوهر
26 Wife ښځه خانم
27 Fiancé (بچه) نامزد (هلک) نامزد
28 Fiancée (دختر) نامزد چنګله( لور) نامزد
29 Foster father رضايی پدر پلار رضايی
30 Foster mother رضايی مادر مور رضايی
31 Foster brother رضايی برادر ورور رضايی
32 Foster sister رضايی خواهر خور رضايی
33 Foster daughter لور رضايی دختررضايی
34 In-laws خسرخيل خسران
35 Father-in-law خسر خسر
36 Mother-in-law خواښی خشو
37 Brother-in-law ،باجه يازنه، خسربره باجه اوښی،
38 Sister-in-law ،برادر خانم خياشنه ( ورندار) ښځه ورور د ښينه،
39 Daughter-in-law خشو عروش اينګور
40 Bride ناوی عروس
41 Bridegroom شاه شاه
22 Half-blood brother سکه نيمه برادر ورور سکه نيم
43 Full blood brother سکه برادر ورور سکه
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44 Pen-friend قلمی دوست انډيوال قلمی
45 Polygamy زنه دو مرد سړی والا ښځی دوه
46 Widower بيوه مرد کونډ
47 Widow بيوه زن کونډه
01
RELIGIOUS WORDS مذهبی لغاتونه لغات های مذهبی
Incumbent فرض فرض
02 Obligatory واجب واجب
03 Abominable مکروه مکروه
04 Sunah سنت سنت
05 Ablution, prayer wash اودس وضوء
06 Prayer لمونځ نماز
07 Prayer carpet نماز جای نماز جای
08 Alter محراب محراب
09 Apostate شدن مرتد کيدل لاری بی نه لاری حق د
10 Rosary تسبيح تسبيح
11 Call to prayer آذان آذان
12 Charity خيرات خيرات
13 Coffin تابوت تابوت
14 Congregation جمع جماعت
15 Creator کونکی پيدا ، خالق خالق
16 Creature مخلوق مخلوق
17 Custodian مجاور ، خادم خدمتګار
18 Devil شيطان شيطان
19 Eligible, Legal حلال حلال
20 Illegal حرام حرام
21 Faith ايمان ايمان
22 Fate تقدير تقدير
23 Funeral جنازه جنازه
24 Paradise جنت جنت
25 Hell دوزخ دوزخ
26 Holy سپيڅلی ، پاک مقدس
27 Imam امام امام
28 Infidel کافر کافر
29 Prostrate کردن سجده کول سجده
30 Minaret مسجد منار منار مسجد د
31 Pilgrim, Haji حاجی حاجی
32 Resurrection ،محشر رستاخيز محشر
33 Poly theist مشرک مشرک
34 Preach تبليغ تبليغ
35 Prophet ،نبی پيغمبر نبی ، پيغمبر
36 Public homily خطبه خطبه
37 Pulpit منبر منبر
38 Reward ثواب ثواب
39 Sacrifice ،کردن قربانی قربانی کول قربانی ، قربانی
40 Shrine زيارت زيارت
41 Testament نامه وصيت خط وصيت د
42 Testify نامه شهادت خط شهادت د
43 Shroud کفن کفن
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44 Slave غلام ،بنده غلام
45 Genuflection رکوع رکوع
01
MEDICAL WORDS طبی هایلغات طبی لغاتونه
Blood bank خون بانک بانک وينی د
02 Clinical labs لابراتوار لابراتوار
03 Dead room سردخانه خانه، مرده خونه مړو د
04 E.N.T Ward گلو و گوش بخش څانګه ستونی او غوږ د
05 Electro cardiogram section قلب گراف بخش څانګه ګراف زړه د
06 Emergency department عاجل شعبه خونه عاجله
07 Internal داخله داخله
08 Surgery یحجرا جراحی
09 Eye ward چشم بخش څانګه سترګو د
10 G.B.S.T Ward ولادی نسايی بخش څانګه ولادی نسايی د
11 I.C.U جدی مراقبت بخش څانګه څارنی جدی د
12 Labor room عمله اطاق خونه حامله د
13 Laundry خانه دوبی خونه مينځلو کالی د
14 Operation theater خانه عمليات خونه عمليات د
15 Orthopedic ward استخوان بخش څانګه هډوکو د
16 Pediatric اطفال بخش څانګه کوچنيانو د
17 Physiotherapy فيزوتراپی بخش څانګه فيزوتراپی د
18 Recovery unit جدی مراقبت بخش څانګه څارنی جدی د
19 Neutrerological surgery عصاب جراحی جراحی عصابو د
20 Abdominal surgery بطنی جراحی جراحی خيټی د
21 Urology ward يورولوِژی بخش څانګه يورولوژی د
22 Headache دردی سر سردردی
23 Pain درد درد
24 Earache دردی گوش درد غوږ د
25 Backache دردی کمر درد ملا د
26 Urine infection سوزاک سوزاک
27 Epilepsy بيهوشی ، صرع بيماری ناروغی ميرګی د
28 Aching خارښت خارش
29 Bleeding بهيدنه وينی د خونريزی
30 Diarrhea اسهال ، ناستی نس اسهال
31 Indigestible هضم قابل غير وړتيا نه هضم د
1
CLOTHES جامی لباسها
Suit دريشی دريشی
02 Pants پتلون پتلون
03 Shirt مردانه پيراهن کميس نرانو د
04 Dress زنانه پيراهن کميس ښځو د
05 Coat کورتۍ کورتی
06 Over coat بالاپوش بالاپوش
07 Rain coat بارانی کورتی کورتۍ باران د
08 Winter coat زمستانی کورتی کورتۍ ژمی د
09 Waistcoat واسکټ واستکت
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10 Jumper جامپر جامپر
11 T- shirt قاق يخن زيرپرانی
12 Under wear پوشی زير جامه اغوستلو لاندی
13 Under shirt پراهنی زير بنين ، کميس اغوستلو لاندی
14 Skirt لمن دامن
15 Sock مردانه جراب جراب نرانو د
16 Stocking زنانه جراب جراب ښځو د
17 Scarf گردن دستمال دستمال غاړی د
18 Shawl شال شال
19 Sweater جاکټ جاکت
20 Pullover قوله نيم جاکت جاکټ قوله نيم
21 Nick tie نکټايی نکتايی
22 Hat خوله کلا
23 Cap دار پيک کلا خوله داره پيک
24 Skull cap دار جالی کلا خوله داره جالی
25 Gloves دستکش ، آغوستنی لاس دستکش
26 Drawers پوشی زير جامه اغوستلو لاندی
27 Pantaloon پتلون ،شلوار پتلون
28 Night shirt مردانه خواب پيراهن کالی خوب د نرانو د
29 Night gown زنانه خواب پيراهن کالی خوب د ښځو د
30 Brassier بند پستان واسکټ تيانو د ، بند سينه
31 Bra بند پستان واسکټ تيانو د ، بند سينه
32 Blanket پتو يا کمپل پټو يا کمپل
33 Apron خوری نان بند پيش بند پيش خوړلو ډوډی د
34 Frock آشپزی بند پيش بند پيش اشپزی
35 Button تڼۍ دکمه
36 Button hole کاج تنۍ د کاج
37 Veil څادر چادر
38 Loin cloth حمام لنگ لنګ حمام د
39 Pocket جيب جيب
40 Side pocket جيب بغل جيب بغل د
41 Upper pocket سينه سر جيب جيب پاسنی
42 Necklace بند گردن کی غاړه
43 Bracelet بند دست کره لاس د
44 Bangle بنګړی چوری
45 Ring ګوته انگشتر
46 Ear- ring والۍ غوږ گوشواره
47 Anklet زيب پا زيب پا
48 Stud بينی ميخک ميخک
49 Shoes بوټ بوت
50 Sneakers سپورتی بوتهای ،شينکاک بوټان سپورتی
51 Barouche (سرپايی) بوټان قسم يو سرپايی
52 Sandal چپلکی چپلی
53 Collar غاړه يخن
54 V- neck هفت يخن غاړه شکله عدد اووه د
55 Polo neck گلوبند يخن غاړه بنده
56 Crew neck گرد يخن غاړه ګرده
57 Turtle neck نيمه يخن غاړه نيمه
58 Lapel کورتی يخن غاړه کورتی د
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59 Cuff آستين دهن خوله لستوڼی د
60 Boot موزه موزه
61 Bed sheet روجايی روجايی
No 01
MEDICLA WORDS طبی لغاتونه لغاتهای طبی
Gall دانه دانه
02 Allergy حساسيت حساسيت
03 Shingles خال تب بخار
04 Nerve shock عصبی شوک جټکه عصبی
05 Constipation قبضيت قبضيت
06 Dizziness پرکالتوب گنسی
07 Alopecia رفتگی موی ګنجی
08 Borborygmus (شکم اواز) شکم قرقر آواز نس د
09 Asthenia ضعيفی ، سستی ضعيفی
10 Anorexia اشتهاهی بی اشتيايی بی
11 Exompholos رفتگی ناف شوی ځايه بی نو
12 Tonic دارو ورکونکی سبک مقوی
13 Wen بوغمه مده
14 Diarrhea اسهال اسهال
15 Vomiting کردن استفراغ کول استفراق
16 Vertigo چکر سر د سرگيچی
17 Fever تبه تبه
18 Nausea بدی زړه دلبدی
19 H.I.V ايډس ايدس
01
THE PRECIOUS STONES قیمتی ډبری سنگ های قیمتی
Diamond الماس الماس
02 Emerald زمروت زمرد
03 Ruby ياقوت ياقوت
04 Pearl مرواريد مرواريد
05 Gold زر سره طلا، طلا
06 Silver نقره نقره
07 Turquoise غمی بخن شين پيروزه، فيروزه
08 Agate عقيق عقيق
09 Spinally ruby لعل لعل
10 Coral مرجان مرجان
11 Cowries خرموره خرموره
12 Azure لاجورد لاجورد
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01
PLANETS ستوری سیاره ها
Sun لمر آفتاب
02 Earth ځمکه زمين
03 Moon سپوږمئ مهتاب
04 Venus زهره/ ناهيد ستوری زهره د
05 Mercury عطارد عطارد
06 Pluto پلوتو پلوتو
07 Saturn زحل زحل
08 Mars مريخ مريخ
09 Jupiter مشتری مشتری
10 Uranus اورانوس اورانوس
11 Neptune نيتون نپتون
12 Comet دار دنباله ستاره ستوری لرونکی لکۍ
13 Galaxy کهکشان ، لار آسمان د کهکشان
14 Hesperus شام ستاره ستوری ماښام د
15 Lucifer صبح ستاره ستوری سهار د
01
COLORS رنګونه رنگ ها
White سپين سفيد
02 Black تور سياه
03 Red سور سرخ
04 Light red روشن سرخ سور روښانه
05 Green شين سبز
06 Light green يشمی/ روشن سبز شين روښانه
07 Dark green شين تک ماشی
08 Blue آبی آسمانی، آبی
09 Light blue روشن آبی آبی روښانه
10 Dark blue يی سرمه يی سرمه
11 Yellow ژيړ زرد
12 Orange نارنجی نارنجی
13 Gray خړرنګه خاکستری
14 Violet بنفشه بنفش
15 Brown نصواری نصواری
16 Pink ګلابی گلابی
17 Milk white شيرچايی شيرچايی
18 Purple ارغوانی ارغوانی
19 Silver يی نقره يی نقره
20 Golden طلايی طلايی
21 Olive زيتونی زيتونی
22 Beige رنګ بخن ژيړ شتری
23 Maroon رنګ ميشی د ميشی
24 Avocado بلوتی بلوتی
25 Peach شفتالويی شفتالويی
26 Tan نخودی نخودی
27 Dan خرمايی خرمايی
28 Turquoise يی فيروزه يی پيروزه
29 Cream کريمی کريمی
30 Russet يی خينه رنګ بخن سور
31 Chrome رنګ غنمی گندمی
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32 Azure رنګ لاجوردی لاجوردی
33 Pistachio يی پسته رنګ يی پسته
01
FRISH&DRIED FRIUTS وچه او تازه میوی میوه های تازه وخشک Grape انګور انگور
02 Apple مڼه سيب
03 Banana کيله کيله
04 Mango ام عم
05 Apricot زردالو زردالو
06 Peach شفتالو شفتالو
07 Plum آلوچه آلوچه
08 Quince بهی بهی
09 Pear ناک ناک
10 Pomegranate انار انار
11 Tangerine مالته مالته
12 Orange مالته/ نارنج مالته/ نارنج
13 Mandarin کينو کينو
14 Cheery ګيلاس گيلاس
15 Black cheery آلوبالو آلوبالو
16 Mulberry توت توت
17 Fig اينځر انجير
18 Date خرما خرما
19 Melon خټکی خربوزه
20 Water melon هندواڼه تربوز
21 Persimmon آملوک املوک
22 Damson آلوچه آلوچه
23 Sultana دانه بی کشمش کشمش نلرنکی دانه
24 Pistachio پسته پسته
25 Almond بادام بادام
26 Nut مندکه خسته
27 Walnut مغز چهار مغز چهار
28 Fir apple سياه جلغوزه جلغوزه توره
29 Raisin کشمش کشمش
30 Pea nut پاکستانی جلغوزه جلغوزه پاکستانی
31 Co-co nut ناریال ناریال
32 Pineapple انناس اناناس
33 Prune آلوبخارا آلوبخارا
34 Grape fruit امروت امروت
35 Straw berry زمينی توت توت ځمکنی
36 Olive زيتون زيتون
77 Jujube (ميوه ډول يو) عناب عناب
73 Back berry توت شاه توت شاه
01
SEEDS تخمونه تخم ها
Barely دانه اوربشی د جو
02 Corn دانه دجوارو جواری
03 Cotton seed دانه پنبه دانه مالوچو د
04 Bean لوبيا لوبيا
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05 Broad bean لوبيا ډول يو باقلی
06 Millet ږدن ارزن
07 Mustard شړشم شرشم
08 Paddy وريجی خام شالی
09 Sweat band ذغر ذغر
10 Pea نخود نخود
11 Rice وريجی برنج
12 Sesame کونځلی کنجت
13 wheat غنم گندم
14 Maize جوار جوار
01
VIGETABLES سبزی جات سبزی جات
Spinach پالک پالک
02 Leek ګندنه گندنه
03 Celery گشنيز گشنيز
04 Water cress تراتيزک تراتيزک
05 Mint نعنا نعنا
06 Pepper مرچک مرچ
07 Green pepper تازه مرچ مرچک تازه
08 Onion پياز پياز
09 Green onion پياز نيش پياز تازه
10 Cucumber بادرنګ بادرنگ
11 Snake cucumber تره تره
12 Garlic هوګه سير
13 Squash کدو کدو
14 Pumpkin گرد کدو کدو ګرده
15 Courgette , Zucchini تابستانی کدو يا ترايی کدو اوړی د يا ترايی
16 Potato پټاټی کچالو، کچالو
17 Turnip شلغم شلغم
18 Cauliflower ګلپی گلپی
19 Egg plant سيا بادنجان توربانجان
20 Tomato رومی بادنجان روميان
21 Parsnip سفيد ملی ملۍ سپينه
22 Radish سرخک ملی ملۍ سور
23 Bean لټيری لوبيا
24 Green bean فاصليه فاصليه
25 Vetch مۍ ، ماش ماش
26 Lentil دال دال
27 Split peas نخود دال نخود دال
28 Carrot زردګ زردک
29 Clover شبدر ، شفتل شوتل شفتل،
30 Shamrock دی شوتل ډول يو رشقه
70 Cabbage کرم کرم
72 Lettuce کاهو کاهو
77 Beet لبلبو لبلبو
72 Cane ګنۍ نيشکر
73 Rhubarb رواش پښی، رواش
76 Mushroom مرخيړی سمارق
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01
MEAT ښـــــــــــهغو گوشت
Mutton گوسفند گوشت غوښه پسه د
02 Beef گاو گوش غوښه غويی د
03 Calf گوساله گوشت غوښه هوسۍ د
04 Chicken مرغ گوشت غوښه چرګ د
05 Fish ماهی گوشت غوښه ماهی د
06 Poultry گان پرنده گوشت غوښه مرغانو د
07 Turkey مرغ فيل گوشت غوښه مرغ فيل د
08 Pork خوک گوشت غوښه( خنځير) سرکوزی د
09 Fried fish سرخ ماهی ماهی سور
10 Fat وازده چربی
11 Fat of meat گوشت چربی وازده غوښی د
12 Ham خوک ران ورون سرکوزی د
13 Goat meat بز گوشت غوښه وزه د
14 Venison آهو گوشت غوښه آهو د
01
PARTS OF BICYCLE د بایسکل پرزی پرزه جات بایسکل
Bell زنګ زنگ
02 Form چوکاټ چوکات
03 Frocks شاخه دو شاخه دوه
04 Handle bar انډل هندل
05 Brake ِرکب بيريک
06 Brake level رکبِ دسته لاستی بيريک د
07 Brake cable برِک سيم سيم بيريک د
08 Saddle تخته شا د زين، زين
09 Carrying rock قنجوغه قنجوغه
10 Chain زنځير زنجير
11 Chain wheel چکر چکر
12 Chain cover زنجير قاب قاب زنځير د
13 Crank اکسل ميل ميل اکسل د
14 Cross bar ميل مخکنی پيشروی ميل
15 Dynamo ډاينمو داينمو
16 Front light څراغ مخکنی پيشروی چراغ
17 Reflector عقب اشاره اشاره شاتنی
18 Mud guard (نيونکی خټو د) ګلګلير گلگير
19 Mud flap گير خاک (ګير خاک) نيونکی خاورو د
20 Pedal پايډل پايدل
01
ANIMALS حیوانات حیوانات
Dragon ښامار اژدها
02 Lion زمری شير
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03 Tiger پړانګ ببر
04 Elephant فيل فيل
05 Swine (خوګ) سرکوزی خوک
06 Camel اوښ شتر
07 Horse آس آسپ
08 Bear ايږه خرس
09 Grass hopper ملخ ملخ
10 Deer (آهو) هوسی آهو
11 Cow غوا گاو
12 Ox-cow گاو قلبه غويی کولو قلبه د
13 Buffalo غويی وحشی ميښه، گاوميش
14 Sheep پسه گوسفند
15 Lamb وری بره
16 Goat وزګړی وزه، بز
17 Crocodile تمساح تمساح
18 Monkey بيزو شادی
19 Donkey (مذکر) خر خر
20 Ass (ماده) خر خره
21 Jackal شغال شغال
22 Dog سپی سگ
23 Puppy سگ چوچه بچی سپی د
24 Calf خوسکی خوسندر، گوساله
25 Mule کچر قاطر
26 Ewe ميش ، ماده گوسفند ميږه
27 Crab کبر کونی ، چنګاښ خرچنگ
28 Turtle شمشتی سنگپشت
29 Rabbit خرګوش خرگوش
30 Hedgehog زيږګی خارپشت
31 Ape بيزو ميمون
32 Foal مرکب کره بياڼ کورنۍ اس د او اس د
33 Otter ماهيخوار جانور لاوو ګس
34 Ferret خرما موش نولی پړانګ، ږکمو
35 Snake مار مار
36 Lizard څرمښکی کربوړی، چلپاسه
37 Cat پيشو پيشو
38 Rat ئیصحرا موش موږک سارايی
39 Mouse موږک خانگی موش
40 Grass hopper ملخ ملخ
41 Frog چونګښه بقه
42 Flea کيکه ورږه، کيک
43 Louse سپږه شپش
44 Bee عسل زنبور مچۍ شاتو د
45 Wasp غومبسه زنبور
46 Partridge زرکه کبک
47 Stork لګ لګ لگلگ
48 Turkey مرغ فيل مرغ فيل
49 Pea-hen مونث طاووس تاوسته
50 Pea-cock مذکر طاووس تاوس
51 Parrot طوطی طوطی
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52 Hornet سرخ زنبور بمبره ډنبره،
53 Sparrow چڼچڼه پرستو
54 Trak حکک حکک
55 Canary کنری کنری
56 Nightingale بلبل خاچوڼی، بلبل
57 Swallow غچی غچی
58 Dove قمری کوتره، فاخته
59 Eagle باښه ډول يو عقاب، عقاب
60 Goose بته قازه، قاز
61 Ostrich شترمرغ شترمرغ
62 Pigeon کونتره کبوتر
63 Cock چرګ خروس
64 Hen چرګه ماکيان
65 Chicken مرغ چوچه چرګوړی
66 Owl بوم کونګ، بوم
67 Cuckoo کوتره کوکو موسيچه
68 Hawk مارغه ښکاری ډول يو باز، باشه
69 Falcon باښه باز، باز
70 Duck بته هيلۍ، مرغابی
71 Duckling مرغابی چوچه بچۍ هيلۍ د
72 Worm چينجی کرم
73 Silk worm ابرايشم کرم چينجی وريښمينه د
74 Caterpillar ،درختی کرم مور چينجی ونو د
75 Spider (جولا) عنکبوت غونډل
76 Ant ميږتون مورچه
77 Scorpion لړم گژدم
78 Mosquito ماشی پشه
79 Cock roach کيک مادر مورينه ورږو د ګړندي،
80 Moth پتنګ پروانه
81 Butterfly پرک شب پتڼ
82 Fly مچ مگس
83 Fox ګيدړه روبا
01
HOME TOOLS د کور شیان اجناس خانه
Sofa سوفه کټګۍ، کوچ
02 Table ميز ميز
03 Chair څوکی چوکی
04 Cupboard الماری الماری
05 Bed بستره بستر
06 Single bed نفره يک خواب تخت تخت خوب د نفری يو
07 Double bed نفره دو خواب تخت تخت خوب د نفری دوه
08 Cot طفلانه خواب تخت تخت خوب د ماشومانو د
09 Cradle زانګو گهواره
10 Carpet قالين قالين
11 Matters توشکه دوشک
12 Pillow بالښت بالشت
13 Table cloth دسترخوان ميزپوښ، سرميزی
14 Bed sheet روجائي روجايی
15 Bed spread سرتختی ، روجائي ډول يو سرتختی
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16 Quilt تلتک بړستن، لحاف
17 Blanket کمپل ، پتو شړۍ کمپل،
18 Video ويډيو ويديو
19 Stereo کست راديو کسټ راډيو د
20 Tape-recorder ټايپ تيپ
21 Radio راډيو راديو
22 Oven داش ، اورغالی تنور، داش
23 Stove منقل ، بخاری بخاری
24 Fan پکه پکه
25 Ceiling fan سقفی پکه پکه چتی
26 Iron اوتو اوتو
27 Ironing board اوتو ميز ميز اوتو د
28 Sewing machine خياطی ماشين ماشين خياطی د
29 Glass ګلاس گلاس
30 Cup پياله پياله
31 Teapot چاينکه چاينک
32 Jug جګ جک
33 Plat بشقاب بشقاب
34 Bowel کاسه کاسه
35 Saucer نلبکی نالبکی
36 Water pot لوښی ايستلو اوبو د آبکشی
37 Sugar bowel قندانی قندانی
38 Tray پتنوس پتنوس
39 Tea spoon خوری چای قاشق قاشقه څکلو چای د
40 Table spoon خوری نان قاشق څمڅۍ ميز د قاشقه، خوړلو ډوډی د
41 Fork پنجه پنجه
42 Ladle کاچوغه ، څمڅۍ ملاقه
43 Fridge يخچال يخچال
44 Ashtray دانی سگرت داني سګرټ
45 Clock سرميزی ساعت ساعت ميزی
46 Curtain پرده پرده
47 Pail سطل سطل
48 Saucer pan بخار ديگ بخار ديګ
49 Lamp ډيوه څراغ، لمپه
50 Bulb ګروپ گروپ
51 Lantern اريکن اريکين
52 Torch دستی چراغ ، گيس برق لاسی
53 Frying pan کرايی پزی، تخم کړايی
54 Pan ديګی ديگ
55 Mirror آيينه آيينه
56 Broom جارو جاروب
57 Vacuum cleaner برقی جاروب جارو برقی
58 Ewer صراحىګج آفتابه،
59 Basin لګن لگن
60 Sink شويی دست دستشويی
61 Geyser ګرمی آب آبگرمی
62 Pepper pot دانی مرچ دانی مرچ
63 Hook بند کود کوډبند
64 Vat مرطبان ، خمره کنډول ، چاټی
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65 Watering can آبکش آبکش
66 Strainer صافی چلوصاف
67 Tub تشت تشت
68 Clipper برُیُ گل قيچی قيچی
69 Scissors خياطی قيچی قيچی
70 Shovel بيلچه بيل
71 Hoe بيل کج بيلچه کږه
72 Spade بيلچه بيلچه
73 Packing needle دوز جوال ګنډونکی جوال
74 Thread تار تار
75 Thimble ګوتمه انگشتانه
76 Mortar هاوان هاوان
77 Pestle هاوان دسته لاستی هاوان د
78 Adze تيشه تيشه
79 Saw اره اره
80 Needle ستنه سوزن
01
GEOGRAPHY جغـــــــــــرافیه جغــــــــــــرافیه
Arctic ocean شمالی منجمد اوقيانوس منجمد اوقيانوس شمالی
02 Atlantic ocean بحر اتلانتيک بحراتلانتيک
03 Bay کوک خليج کوک خليج
04 Bank دريا کنار غاړه درياب د
05 Border سرحد سرحد
06 Brook وياله جويچه
07 Canyon دره دره
08 Caribbean بحر کارابين د بحرکارابين
09 Coast غاړه سيند د ساحل، ساحل
10 Continent براعظم ، وچه لويه قاره
11 Dam سر ، بند بند
12 Desert دښت دشت
13 Eclipse of sun کيدنه نيول دلمر کسوف
14 Eclipse of moon کيدنه نيول سپوږمی د خسوف
15 Equator استوا خط کرښه ستوا د
16 Fountain , jet فواره ، چشمه چينه فواره،
17 Gulf ژورځای خليج، خليج
18 Hill غونډی تپه
19 Indian ocean هند بحر بحر هند د
20 Island جزيره ، ټاپو جزيره
21 Forest ځنګل جنگل
22 Lake کوړم جهيل، جهيل
23 Latitude البلد عرض البلد عرض
24 Longitude البلد طول البلد طول
25 Map نقشه نقشه
26 Meadow زار سبزه ، زار علف چمن وښيانه،
27 Mediterranean مديترانه بحر سمندر مديترانی د
28 Meridian النهار نصف خط ليکه النهار نصف د
29 Moat خندق خندق
30 Mountain غر کوه
31 Mud لای گل خټه
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32 Ocean اوقيانوس ، بحر سمندر بحر،
33 Pacific ocean آرام اوقيانوس سمندر آرام د
34 Peninsula جزيره شبه جزيره شپه وزمه، ټاپو
35 Plain کنده وادی
36 Polar قطب قطب
37 River سيند دريا
38 Rock سنگ سخره تيږه شګينه ، ډبره غرګی
39 Season موسم موسم
40 Simoom شمال هوا، وچه او ګرمه باسموم
41 Soil خاوره خاک
42 Spring چينه چشمه
43 Stream کانال ، جوی کانال وياله،
44 Topography برداری نقشه جوړونه نقشه
45 Valley ،وادی دره دره
46 Waterfall ځروبی شرشره آبشار
47 Wave غږ وړانګو د څپه، خوج
48 Co Cano غورځونه اور آتشفشانی
49 Summit څوکه قله
50 Avalanche کوچ برف ښويدنه واوری د
01
Foods خوراکونه خوراکه ها
Boiled egg جوشانده تخم هګی کړی جوش
02 Bread ډوډی نان
03 Gravy يخنی يخنی
04 Chicken roast مرغ کباب کباب مرغ د چرګه، کړی سور
05 Chips چپس چپس
06 Dessert غذا از بعد شيرنی شيرنی پس نه خواړه
07 Egg plant stew بانجان برانی توربانجان شوی ايشول
08 Fried fish بريان ماهی کب کړی سور
09 Green rice پلو سبزی پلو سبزی
10 Ground meat sauce قورمه غوښی کړی ميده قيمه
11 Minced meat شده قيمه گوشت غوښه شوی قورمه
12 Mot dog جوشی روغن غوړی جوشی
13 Sweat paste حلوا حلوا
14 Lamb roast بره کباب کباب غوښی د پسه د
15 Macaroni مکرونی مکرونی
16 Meat ball کوفته کوفته
17 Meat dumphing منتو منتو
18 Mushroom stew سمارق قورمه قورمه مرخيړی د
19 Mutton roast گوسفند کباب کباب پسه د
20 Omelet بند نيم تخم خاګينه
21 Pickle اچار آچار
22 Rice وريجی برنج
23 Rissole پاشان کوفته ماهی يا غوښه کړی کوفته
24 Roast کباب کباب
25 Salad سلاته سلات
26 Scramble egg مخلوط تخم هګی شوی ګډه
27 Steak شده سرخ گاو گوشت غوښه کړی سور غوا د
28 Stew کول قورمه برانی، برُانی
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29 Toast bread شده بريان نان پراټه ډوډی، کرپنده
30 Tuna کلان ماهی گوشت غوښه کب غټ د
31 Vinegar سرکه سرکه
32 Sausage ساسج ساسج
01
THE FACULTIES ها پوهنځی پوهنځی
Law and political science اجتماعی علوم و حقوق ځیپوهن پوهنځی علومو اجتماعی د او حقوق د
02 Language and literature ادبيات و زبان پوهنځی پوهنځی ادبياتو د او ژبی د
03 Fine arts زيبا هنرهای پوهنځی پوهنځی هنرونو ښکلی د
04 Theology شرعيات پوهنځی پوهنځی شرعياتو د
05 Engineering انجينری پوهنځی پوهنځی انجينری د
06 Education تربيه و تعليم پوهنځی پوهنځی تربيی او تعليم د
07 Journalism ژورناليزم پوهنځی پوهنځی ژورناليزم د
08 Pharmacy سازی دوا پوهنځی پوهنځی فارمسی د
09 Geology شناسی زمين پوهنځی پوهنځی پيژندلو ځمکی د
10 Economics اقتصاد پوهنځی پوهنځی اقتصاد د
11 Agriculture زراعت پوهنځی پوهنځی( کرهڼی) زراعت د
12 Social science اجتماعی علوم پوهنځی پوهنځی علومو اجتماعی د
13 Natural science طبيعی علوم پوهنځی پوهنځی علومو طبيعی د
14 Medical faculty طب پوهنځی پوهنځی طب د
15 Curative medicine معالجوی طب پوهنځی پوهنځی معالجوی طب د
16 Preventive medicine وقايوی پوهنځي پوهنځی( نيونکی مخه) وقايوی
17 Pediatrics اطفال پوهنځی پوهنځی کوچنيانو د
18 intermediate medical studies
طبی متوسطه تعليمات کړی زده طب منځنی د
19 Teacher training institution
دارالمعلمين دارالمعلمين
20 Army school ښونځی حربی ښونځی حربی د
21 Army academy پوهنتون حربی پوهنتون حربی د
22 Computer science ساينس کمپيوتر پوهنځی پوهنځی ساينس کمپيوتر د
23 Polytechnic institute تخنيک پولی انستتيوت انستيتيوت تخنيک پولی د
24 Aerial university هوايی پوهنتون پوهنتون هوايی
25 Police academy پوليس اکادمی اکادمی پوليسو د
01
JUDICIAL WORDS قضایئ لغاتونه لغات های قضایئ
Advocate مدافع وکيل وکيل مدافع
02 Primary court ابتدايئ محکمه محکمه ابتدايی
03 Appeal court استناف محکمه محکمه استناف
04 Supreme court محکمه ستره محکمه ستره
05 Attorney power خط وکالت خط وکالت د
06 Chief justice القضات قاضی القضات قاضی
07 Civil law مدنی قانون قانون مدنی
08 Commercial law تجارتی قانون قانون تجارتی
09 Court order محکمه حکم حکم محکمی د
10 Criminal law جزا قانون قانون جزا د
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11 Judge قاضی کردن، قضاوت قاضی کول، قضاوت
12 Judgment قضاوت قضاوت
13 Judiciary قضايی قوه قوه قضايی
14 Jury منصفه هيئت هيئت کونکی قضاوت
15 Lawful قانونی قانونی
16 Law suit دفاعی مدافعه
17 Petition عريضه عريضه
18 Petitioner عارض عارض
19 Punishment جزا جزا
20 Rehearing نظر تجديد کتنه بيا
21 Sentence حکم کردن، محکوم محکومول
22 Trial محاکمه محاکمه
23 Verdict امر حکم، حکم
24 Witness شاهد شاهد
25 Testify دادن شهادت ورکول شاهدی
26 Judicial power قضايه قوه قوه قضايه
27 Legislative power مقننه قوه قوه مقننه
28 Executive power اجرائيه قوه قوه اجرائيه
29 Juror منصفه هيئت عضو هيئت ډلی کونکو قضاوت د
30 Decree فرمان فرمان
01
CONSTRUCTION WORDS ساختمانی لغاتونه لغات های ساختمانی Apartment اپارتمان اپارتمان
02 Hummer څټک چکش
03 Basement ،تهداب تاهکو تهداب بيخ،
04 Block بلاک بلاک
05 Notice window پنجره پنجره
06 Block wall کټاره کتاره
07 Brace , Terrace برنډه برنده
08 Brick خښته خشت
09 Building تعمير تعمير
10 Ladder زينه زينه
11 Cement سمنټ سمنت
12 Chimney (بخاری د لکه) کښ دود دودکش
13 Clay کردن گلماله کول ګلماله
14 Clay pail ډولچه دولچه
15 Compaction کاری تپک کاری ټپک
16 Concrete کانکريټ کانکريت
17 Corner stone تهداب سنگ تيګی تهداب د يا بيخ د
18 Crane کرن کرن
19 Crashed rock (جغل) ډبری شوی مات جغل
20 Designing چالاک ، سازی پروژه چالاک جوړول، پروژه
21 Gutter لښتی اوبو ناولو د ناوه
22 Excavation کيندنه حفرکاری
23 Filing ډکون ، ډکول پرکاری
24 Flat پارتمانا اپارتمان
25 Float چوبی گلماله ګلماله لرګيو د رنده، موټه
26 Gravel کريړ سنگچل
27 Leveling کاری هموار کول ليول
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28 Lime چونه چونه
29 Lintel سرتاق سرتاق
30 Mallet مارتوړ مارتور
31 Material شيان مواد، مواد
32 Mortar مساله تعميراتی مثاله
33 Mortar trough الهسم کاسه لګن مسالو د تغاری،
34 Mould قالب قالب
35 Painting کاری انگاف انګافول
36 Pickax کلنګ کلنگ
37 Plumb ئلشا شاؤل
38 Primer استر استر
39 Raw material خام مواد مواد خام
40 Residential building مسکونی تعمير تعمير استوګنی د
41 Roof بام بام
42 Shutter board پرده در پرده دروازی د
43 Ceiling چت سقف
44 Sand شګه ريگ
45 Scaffold بندی تخته داره، خوازه، خوازه
46 Scramble ريگ جالی جالی شګو د
47 Side fence چوبی کتاره کټاره لرګيو د
48 Stone work کاری سنگ کار تيګو د
49 Straw بوس کاه
50 Trowel آهنی گلماله ګلماله پنیاوس د
51 Hand cart دستی کراچی کراچی لاسی
52 Spirit level ترازو آب (ليول) ترازو اوبو د
01
EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE BODY
خارجی بدن اعضاء غړيجي د بدن خار
Head سر سر
02 Scalp سر پوست پوستکی سر د
03 Crown سر فرق ککرۍ
04 Hair ويښته موی
05 Forehead ټنټه تندی، پيشانی
06 Temple شقيقه ټيک، شقيقه
07 Face مخ روی
08 Eye سترګه چشم
09 Eyebrow وروځی آبرو
10 Eyeball چشم تخم ګاټی سترګو د
11 Pupil چشم مردمک تور سترګو د
12 Eyelash باڼه گانژم
13 Eyelid ځيږمه سترګو د پلک
14 Upper lid ځيږمه پاسنی بالايی پلک
15 Lower lid پايانی پلک ځيږمه لاندنی
16 Nose پزه بينی
17 Nostril بينی سوراخ سوری پزی د
18 Cheek رخسار ،کومه غومبوری اننګی،
19 Jaw زامه علاشه
20 Chin زنه زنخ
21 Lip شونډه لب
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22 Upper lip بالايی لب شونډه پاسنی
23 Lower lip پايانی لب شونډه لاندنی
24 Gum اورۍ بيره
25 Tooth غاښ دندان
26 Tongue ژبه زبان
27 Mouth خوله دهن
28 Palate تالو کام
29 Ear غوږ گوش
30 Earlap گوش نرمی نرمۍ غوږ د
31 Neck غاړه گردن
32 Shoulder اوږه شانه
33 Beard ګيره ريش
34 Moustache بريت بروت
35 Chest سينه سينه ،قفس
36 Breast ټټر تی، پستان
37 Nipple پستان نوک څوکه تی د
38 Abdomen نس ، خيټه شکم
39 Navel نو ناف
40 Arm مټ بازو
41 Armpit تخرګ زيربغل
42 Hand لاس دست
43 Elbow څنګل آرنج
44 Wrist دست بند بند لاس د
45 Palm دست کف ورغوی
46 Finger ګوته انگشت
47 Index finger شهادت انگشت ګوته شهادت د
48 Nail نوک ناخون
49 Skin ،جلد پوست پوستکی
50 Leg پښه پاه
51 Thigh رون ران
52 Ankle پاه بجلک ښنګری
53 Shank پاه ساق پونډۍ
54 Sole پاه کف تله پښي د
55 Toe پاه شصت ګوته پښی د
01
INTERNAL PARTS OF THE BODY
غړيد بدن داخلی اعضاء داخلی بدن
Brain ماغزه مغز
02 Heart زړه قلب
03 Liver ځيګر جگر
04 Spleen (طحال) توری طحال
05 Stomach معده معده
06 Intestine کولمه امعاء
07 Small intestine کوچک امعای کولمی وړی
08 Long intestine بزرگ امعای کولمی غټی
09 Lung پپوس ، سږی شش
10 Kidney پښتورګی گرده
11 Pharynx ستونی گلو
12 Larynx حلقوم ، حنجره برخه پاسنی غاړی وچی د
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13 Esophagus مرۍ مری
14 Duodenum عشر اثنا (کولمو وړو د) کولمی عشری
15 Gallbladder تريخه کڅوړی د يا مثانی د سنگدان
16 Urinary bladder مثانه مثانه
17 Pancreas پانقراس ، تريخی پانقراس
18 Vein رګ وريد
19 Rib پوښتۍ قبرغه
20 Artery شريان شيريان
21 Capillaries شعريه عروق رګ وړوکی
22 Blood وينه خون
23 Blood cells خون کرويات کرويات وينی د
24 White blood cells خون سفيد کرويات کرويات سپين وينی د
25 Red blood cells خون سرخ کرويات کرويات سور وينی د
26 Cell حجره حجره
27 Pelvis خاصره لگن کونغپ ، کونغری
28 Joint بند مفصل
29 Muscle عضله عضله
30 Bone هډوکی استخوان
31 Nerve رشته عصبی يا پلده عصب
32 Back bone-spine فقرات ستون تير ملا د
01
OCCUPATIONS دندی وظیفه ها
Doctor طبيب ، داکتر طبيب ، داکتر
02 Engineer انجينر انجينر
03 Lawyer دان حقوق پوه حقوق
04 Philosopher فيلسوف فيلسوف
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05 Professor پروفيسور پروفيسور
06 Judge قاضی قاضی
07 Clerk منشی ، کاتب ليکوال
08 Secretary منشی منشی
09 Architect معمار مهندس
10 Police officer پوليس افسر افسر پوليسو د
11 Author مؤلف ، ليکوال مؤلف
12 Translator ترجمان مترجم
13 Worker رگرکا مزدور ، کونکی کار
14 Baker پخونکی ډوډی والا، نانوايی خباز
15 Barber ډم ، نايی سلمان، سلمان
16 Broker دلال دلال
17 Cobbler موچی موچی
18 Porter وړونکی بار حمال
19 Water bearer سقاوه سقاوه
20 Cotton beater نداف نداف
21 Mason معمار معمار
22 Carpenter نجار نجار
23 Shopkeeper دکاندار دکاندار
24 Shoemaker ساز بوت جوړونکی بوټ
25 Druggist ساز دوا جوړونکی دوا
26 Char man مداری مداری
27 Driver ډريور راننده
28 Carter بان کراچی والا کراچی
29 Salesman خرڅونکی فروشنده
30 Postman رسان پوسته رسونکی پوسته
31 Soldier عسکر عسکر
32 Tailor خياط خياط
33 Electrician برقی برقی
34 Miller بان آسياب آسيوان ، والا ژرندی
35 Watch maker ساز ساعت جوړونکی ساعت
36 Cook پخوونکی اشپز
37 Waiter خدمتګار ګارسون، خدمه
38 Waitress (زن) خدمه خدمتګاره ګارسونه،
39 Cashier دار خزانه دار خزانه
40 Pilot پيلوټ پيلوت
41 Correspondent برنگارخ خبريال
42 Butcher قصاب قصاب
43 Mechanic مستری مستری
44 Wood cuter ماتونکی لرګی چوبشکن
45 Draper پلورونکی رخت بزاز
46 Athlete ورزشکار لوبغاړی، ورزشکار
47 Farmer دهقان دهقان
48 Cutler ساز چاقو جوړونکی چاقو
49 Dairyman فروش لبنيات خرڅونکی لبنيات
50 Costar monger خرڅونکی ترکاری فروش ترکاری
51 Florist گلفروش ، گلساز خرڅونکی ، جوړونکی ګل
52 Fruiter خرڅونکی ميوه فروش ميوه
53 Carpet monger فروش قالين خرڅونکی قالين
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54 Confectioner قناد ، پز شيرنی خرڅونکی يا جوړونکی خوږه
55 Cut purse بر کيسه غوڅونکی جيب
56 Concomitant مجاور ، ملازم ملازم
57 Milkman فروش شير خرڅونکی شيدی
58 Lumberman خرڅونکی لرګی فروش چوب
59 Over seer ناظر ، گرکاري سر مشر مزدورانو د يا ناظر
60 Jeweler زرګر زرگر
61 Juggler باز شعبده ايستونکی تير
62 Seafaring ګرځيدنه سمندری دريانورد
63 News agent فروش روزنامه خرڅونکی اخبار
64 Poulture فروش پرنده پلورونکی پرنده
65 Washer شوی خشکه مينځونکی دوبی،
66 Miner کارګر کان د معدنچی
67 Deminer پاک مين پاک مين
68 Oilman فروش روغنيات خرڅونکی روغنيات
69 Wood man بان گلجن ځنګلبان اوسيدونکی، ځنګلی د
70 Palmist کتونکی فال شناس کف
71 Optician خرڅونکی جوړونکی، عينک فروش ،ساز عينک
72 Ragman فروش کهنه خرڅونکی شيان زاړه
73 Poet شاعر شاعر
74 Watchman دار چوکی ، نگهبان چوکيدار ساتونکی،
75 Teacher ښونکی معلم
76 Shepherd چوپان چوپان
77 Servant غلام غلام
78 Fisher man گير ماهی نيونکی ماهی
79 Book binder ګنډونکی کتاب صحاف
80 Carpet weaver باف قالين اوبدونکی قالين
81 Photographer عکاس عکاس
82 Nurse نرس نرس
83 Tourist سياح سياح
84 Guard ساتونکی محافظ
85 Librarian مسئول کتابتون د کتابدار
86 Painter گمالرن ګمالرن
87 Hobo مزدور مزدورکار
88 Priest کشيش مذهبی ملا، کشيش
89 Chaplain ملا ملا
90 Sailor بان کشتی وان کشتی
91 Gardener باغوان باغبان
92 Musician دان موسيقی سازنده
93 Actor اداکار نر، کونکی اکټ ممثل
94 Actress اداکاره ښځه، کونکی اکټ ممثله
95 Grave digger کيندونکی قبر قبرکن
96 Pah شوی مرده مينځونکی مړی
97 Custodian دار سرای ساتونکی لرونکی، سرای
98 Hatter ساز کلاه جوړونکی خولۍ
99 Furrier فروش پوست خرڅونکی پوستکی
100 Gun monger (فروش) ساز سلاح (فروش) جوړونکی سلاح
101 Weaver اوبدونکی بافنده
102 Dyer رنګمال رنگريز
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103 Preacher ،واعض مبلغ کونکی تبليغ
104 Bone setter بند شکسته بند شکسته ايښودونکی، بند
105 Metal smith فلزکار فلزکار
106 Copper smith گرمس مسګر ، پښ مسو د
107 Gold smith زرګز زرگر
108 Tin smith ساز حلبی ټټار
109 Black smith نگرآه آهنګر
110 Lock smith ساز قفل جوړونکی قفل
111 Gun smith جوړونکی سلاح ساز سلاح
112 Hay monger فروش کاه خرڅونکی پروړه يا واښه وچ
113 Well digger کن چاه کيندونکی څاه
114 Bigger خيرمار سوالګر، گدا
115 Bath man حمامی حمامی
116 Calligrapher ،خطاط خوشنويس خطاط
117 Decorator ديزاينر ، آرايشگر کونکی آرايش
118 Camel driver ساربان ، سرقافله سرقافله
119 Smuggler بر قاچاق وړونکی قاچاق
120 Potter کلالی کلالی
121 Hunter ښکاری شکارچی
122 Spay جاسوس جاسوس
123 Stone cutter شکن سنگ ماتونکی تيږی
124 Stone mason ساز سنگ جوړونکی تيږو د
125 Sculpture ساز مجسمه جوړونکی مجسمه
01
PLACES & INCHARGES ځایونه او مسؤلان جایها و مسؤلان
Presidential palace جمهوری رياست قصر ماڼۍ رياست جمهوری د
02 Prime ministry عظمی صدارت عظمی صدارت
03 Ministry وزارت وزارت
04 Municipality ښاروالی شاروالی
05 Province ولايت ولايت
06 Embassy سفارت سفارت
07 Presidency رياست رياست
08 Principality مديريت مديريت
09 Jail جيل محبس، زندان
10 Dormitory ليليه ليليه
11 School مکتب مکتب
12 Auditorium تالار تالار
13 High school عالی ليسه مکتب مکتب ليسی عالی د
14 Primary school ابتدائيه مکتب مکتب ابتدائيه
15 Kindergarten وړکتون کودکستان
16 Nest گاپرورش پالنځۍ
17 President جمهور رئيس رئيس جمهور
18 Minister وزير وزير
19 Care taker سرپرست سرپرست
20 Governor والی والی
21 Vice president جمهور رئيس معاون مرستيال رئيس جمهور د
22 Deputy prime minister اعظم صدر معاون مرستيال صدراعظم د
23 Ex-president اسبق جمهور رئيس رئيس جمهور پخوانی
24 Monarch پاچا پادشاه
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25 Chief رئيس رئيس
26 Boss آمر آمر
27 Mayer ښاروال شاروال
28 Senator سنا مجلس وکيل سناتور وکيل، مجلس سنا د
29 Principal مدير مدير
30 Ambassador سفير سفير
31 Ambassadress سفيره سفيره
32 Duty minister ،وزير معان معين وزير مرستيال مرستيال،
33 Employee مامور مامور
34 Employer ګمارونکی کارفرما
35 Head master ښونکی سر سرمعلم
01
Ranks رتبی رتبه ها
3rd corporal ساتنمن دريم ساتنمن دريم
02 2nd corporal ساتنمن دوهم ساتنمن دوهم
03 1st corporal ساتنمن لمړی ساتنمن لمړی
04 3rd lieutenant څارن دريم څارن دريم
05 2ndlieutenant څارن دوهم څارن دوهم
06 1stlieutenant څارن لمړی څارن لمړی
07 Captain تورن ، څارمن تورن ، څارمن
08 Senior captain جکتورن ، څارمن سر جکتورن ، څارمن سر
09 Major جګړن ، سمونيار جګړن ، سمونيار
10 Lieutenant colonel ډګرمن ، سمونمل ډګرمن ، سمونمل
11 Colonel ډګروال ، سمونوال ډګروال ، سمونوال
12 Brigadier general جنرال بريد ، پاسوال مل جنرال بريد ، پاسوال مل
13 Major general جنرال تورن ، پاسوال جنرال تورن ، پاسوال
14 Lieutenant general ډګرجنرال ، پاسوال لوی ډګرجنرال ، پاسوال لوی
15 General سترجنرال ، پاسوال ستر سترجنرال ، پاسوال ستر
16 Marshal مارشال مارشال
01
MINISTRIES وزارتونه وزارت ها
Ministry of higher education
عالی تحصيلات وزارت وزارت تحصيلاتو عالی د
02 Ministry of education معارف وزارت وزارت معارف د
03 Ministry of foreign affairs امورخارجه وزارت وزارت خارجه
04 M of information & culture
کلتور و اطلاعات وزارت وزارت فرهنګ او اطلاعاتو د
05 M of telecommunication مخابرات وزارت وزارت مخابراتو
06 Ministry of transportation ترانسپورت وزارت وزارت ترانسپورت د
07 Ministry of water & power
برق و آب وزارت وزارت برښنا او اوبو د
08 Ministry of woman affairs زنان امور وزارت وزارت چارو ښځو د
09 Ministry of planning پلان وزارت وزارت پلان د
10 Ministry of rehabilitation بازسازی وزارت وزارت بياجوړونکی د
11 Ministry of civil aviation ملکی هوانوردی وزارت وزارت هوانوردی ملکی د
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12 Ministry of industries صنايع و معادن وزارت وزارت صنايع او کانونو د
13 M of agriculture & live stock
مالداری و زراعت وزارت وزارت مالداری او کرهڼی د
14 Ministry of public health عامه صحت وزارت وزارت عامه صحت د
15 Ministry of finance ماليه وزارت وزارت ماليی د
16 Ministry of reconstruction بازسازی وزارت وزارت بياجوړونکی د
17 Ministry of defense دفا وزارت دفا وزارت
18 Ministry of interior affairs داخله امور وزارت وزارت چارو کورنيو د
19 Ministry of commerce تجارت وزارت وزارت تجارت د
20 M of Islamic affairs religious trusts
اوقاف و حج امور وزارت وزارت اوقافو حج د
21 M of martyrs and disables معلولين و شهدا وزارت وزارت معلولينو او شهيدانو د
22 Mininsty of refugees وزارت کډوالو د مهاجرين وزارت
23 Ministry of public work عامه فوائد وزارت وزارت عامی فوائد د
24 Ministry of frothier affairs وقبايل سرحدات امور وزارت وزارت قبايلو او سرحداتو د
25 Ministry of economy وزارت اقتصاد د اقتصاد وزارت
01
SICKNESSES ناروغی مریضی
Cold امکز ريزش
02 Head ache درد سر د سردرد
03 Eye ache درد چشم درد سترګو د
04 Leg ache درد پاه درد پښو د
05 Body ache درد جان درد ځان د
06 Stomach ache درد معده درد معدی د
07 Red eye چشم سرخی سوروالی سترګو د
08 Reduced – sight بينی کم ليدل ضعيفه
09 Ear ache درد گوش درد غوږ د
10 Epistaxis دماغ خون بينی، خود بهيدل وينه نه پزی له دماغ، خون
11 Tonsillitis گلو تانسل پړسوب ستونی د
12 Wax گوش چرک چرګ غوږ د
13 Deafness والی کوڼ کری
14 Bronchitis برانشيت برانشيت
15 Pneumonia وبغل سينه بغل سينه پړسوب، سږو د
16 Asthma تنگی نفس تنګی نفس
17 Ulcer معده زخم ناسور زخم، معدی د
18 Gastritis معده التهاب پړسيدل معدی د
19 Hepatitis گرج التهاب ، زردی پړسيدل ځګر د ، زردی
20 Worms چينجی معده کرم
21 Dysentery خون پيچش پيچ
22 Typhoid مورقه مورقه
23 Hemorrhoids بواسير بواسير
24 Hernia چُره ، فدق چوره
25 Cholecytitis صفرا کيسه التهاب پړسيدل کڅوړی صفرا د
26 Colelithiasis صفرا کيسه سنگ تيګه کڅوړی صفرا د
27 Cholera کولرا کولرا
28 Urinary infector سوزاک سوزاک
29 Orchitis خصيه التهاب پړسيدل خوټو د
30 Sterility سستی ، عقامت سستی کمزوری،
31 Pregnancy گیحامل بلاربتوب
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32 Delivery, born زيږونه ولادت
33 Hypertension خون فشار فشار وينی د
34 Malnutrition تغذی ؤس تغذيه نيمګړی تغذيه، ړهناو
35 Rickets شکن استخوان ده ناروغی قسم يو هډوکو د
36 Scurvy سی ويتامين کمبود کموالی سی ويټامين د
37 Measles ده ناروغی دانو د يوقسم ، شری سرخکان
38 Whooping cough سرفه سيا ټوخۍ تور يا شنه
39 Mumps چرک کله ناروغی غومبوزی ټنډ
40 Tetanus تيتانوس تيتانوس
41 Polio اطفال فلج فلج کوچنيانو د
42 Abortion جنين سقط زيږيدنه وخته بی
43 Dysmerrhea حيض حيض
44 Gynecological diseases نسايی امراض ناروغی نسائی
45 Goiter جاغور جاغور
46 Rheumatism روماتيزم روماتيزم
47 Lumbago دردی کمر درد ملا د
48 Neuritis عصاب التهاب التهاب اعصابو د
49 Epilepsy گیمر مرګي
50 Psychosis روانی امراض ناروغی روانی
51 Depression گیافسرد ناروغی روانی
52 Impetigo دانه مردار دانه مردار
53 Diabetes ناروغی شکر د شکر
Militry Abrevations
01
Abrebations Complete Words Meanings
ANA Afghan National Army اردو ملي افغانستان د
02 ANP Afghan National Police پوليس ملي افغانستان د
03 ALP Afghan Local Police پوليس محلي افغانستان د
04 ABP Afghan Border Police پوليس سرحدي افغانستان د
05 ASF Afghan Special Forces (خاص قطعه) ځواکونه ځانګړي افغانستان د
06 MP Militry Police پوليس نظامي
07 AAF Afghan Air Forces ځواکونه هوايي افغانستان د
08 NDS National Department of Intelligence ( استخبارات) اداره امنيت ملي د
09 DCOP District Commander of Police قومندان امنيه ولسوالۍ د
10 PCOP Provincial Commander of Police قومندان امنيه ولايت د
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The End!
Izharulhaq Kamran | AREP& OSCEW | Provincial Coordinator Email: [email protected] – [email protected]
Phone: +93 781684958 Website: www.arep.org.af Skype: kamran201281