east and west imperialism powerpoint · 2/16/12 4 conclusions%of%rome’s%conquestof%...

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2/16/12 1 Roman Expansion and Imperialism 218129 BC West (Carthage; Spain; Northern Italy) and HellenisEc Kingdoms of the East (in Greece and Asia): Take Home Messages? New imperialism: largerscale & new moEves Rise of individualisEc, superimperialist generals Strain of what to do with conquered territory Phalanx out dated: Roman Legion unbeatable Northern Italy : Gauls and naEve tribes Cisalpine Gaul– “Gaul on this side of Alps” Fought Gallic tribes, esp. Boii (both before and aYer Hannibal) RomanizaEon, largescale colonizaEon, roads PlacenEa + Bologna Cisalpine Gaul becomes Italia Transpadana Ligurians (NW Italy) also conquered in 2 nd century Spain Strategy + RetaliaEon + Silver 2 provinces: Citerior and Ulterior Spain War, guerrilla warfare, down to 133 BC 151 L. Licinius Lucullus and the Vaccaei 150 Sulpicius Galba and Lusitanians Viriathus: Lusitanian hero NumanEa, besieged by Rome for 9 years unEl completely destroyed in 133 by P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Eastern Mediterranean: HellenisEc Kingdoms (aYer Alexander)

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Page 1: EAST and WEST Imperialism powerpoint · 2/16/12 4 Conclusions%of%Rome’s%Conquestof% Greecefrom214146BC • Military% –End%of%phalanx%and%of%poliEcal%liberty%of% Greekstates •

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Roman  Expansion  and  Imperialism    218-­‐129  BC  

•  West  (Carthage;  Spain;  Northern  Italy)  and  HellenisEc  Kingdoms  of  the  East  (in  Greece  and  Asia):    

•  Take  Home  Messages?  

– New  imperialism:  larger-­‐scale  &  new  moEves  

– Rise  of  individualisEc,  super-­‐imperialist  generals  

– Strain  of  what  to  do  with  conquered  territory  – Phalanx  out  dated:  Roman  Legion  unbeatable  

Northern  Italy:  Gauls  and  naEve  tribes  

•  Cisalpine  Gaul–  “Gaul  on  this  side  of  Alps”  •  Fought  Gallic  tribes,  esp.  Boii  (both  before  and  aYer  Hannibal)  

•  RomanizaEon,  large-­‐scale  colonizaEon,  roads  

–   PlacenEa  +  Bologna    •  Cisalpine  Gaul  becomes  Italia  Transpadana  

•  Ligurians  (NW  Italy)  also  conquered  in  2nd  century  

Spain  •  Strategy  +  RetaliaEon  +  Silver    •   2  provinces:  Citerior  and  Ulterior  Spain    • War,  guerrilla  warfare,  down  to  133  BC  

•  151  L.  Licinius  Lucullus  and  the  Vaccaei  •  150  Sulpicius  Galba  and  Lusitanians  •  Viriathus:  Lusitanian  hero  •  NumanEa,  besieged  by  Rome  for  9  years  unEl  completely  destroyed  in  133  by    

 P.  Cornelius  Scipio  Aemilianus  

Eastern  Mediterranean:  HellenisEc  Kingdoms  (aYer  Alexander)  

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AnEgonid  Empire  (Macedonia)  

Ind.  States  (inc.  Acalids:  Pergamum)  

Seleucid  Empire  (Syria)  

Ptolemaic  Empire  (Egypt)  

Key  Players:  •  King  Philip  V  of  Macedon:  AnEgonid  

•  King  AnEochus  III  (the  Great)  of  Syria:  Seleucid  

•  Two  Greek  Leagues:  Achaean  and  Aetolian  

•  Titus  QuincEus  Flamininus  (Roman  consul  198)  

•  The  Scipios:  Scipio  Africanus  and  his  brother  

•  King  Perseus  of  Macedon  (son  of  Philip)  

•  King  Eumenes  II  of  Pergamum  (Acalid)  

•  Lucius  Aemilius  Paullus  (Roman  consul  168)  

Phillip  V  of  Macedon  

An8ochus  III  of  Syria  

Into  Greece  •  2  Illyrian  wars  229-­‐8  and  219  =  pirates    – But  presence  of  Romans  so  far  East  bothers  Macedon  

– Philip  V  of  Macedon  allies  with  Hannibal  aYer  Cannae  

•  Phase  1:  Domina8on  •  214-­‐205  =  1st  Macedonian  “war”  – Rome  makes  alliances  with  Aetolian  league  and  Pergamum  

– Whole  point  just  to  keep  Macedon  from  helping  Hannibal  

– Two  effects:  account  to  secle  +  allies  in  area  

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2nd  Macedonian  war  200-­‐196  •  Philip  V  +  AnEochus  III  vs.  Rome  +  Aetolian  league  •  197:  decisive  Bacle  of  Cynoscephalae  in  Thessaly  –   consul:  T.  QuincEus  Flamininus  

– Two  key  aspects:  • 1.  Legion  versus  phalanx:  flexibility  • 2.  Deployment  of  victory  

•  196  Flamininus  declares  Greek  peace  +  liberty!  

•  BUT:  Aetolian  league  +  AnEochus  III(Syria)  •  191  Thermopylae  and  188  Rome  leaves  again  

Phase  2:  Destabiliza8on  

•  Philip’s  son  Perseus  now  Macedonian  King  •  War  breaks  out:  3rd  Macedonian  war  172-­‐67  

•  Decisive  Bacle  of  Pydna  168  •  Consul:  L.  Aemilius  Paullus    

(Polybius  taken  hostage)  

Bacle  of  Pydna  168  •  Roman  legions  beat  20,000  men  in  phalanx  

-­‐  Aemilius  Paullus  has  huge  Triumph  -­‐  Massive  influx  of  wealth  to  Rome  

Rome  cracks  down  this  Eme  – No  more  Macedonia–  divided  up  into  4  autonomous  units  

–  Illyria  divided  up  into  3  units  – Epirus  completely  sacked  

•  4th  Macedonian  war  149-­‐8/6  

•  Phase  3:  Annexa8on  •  Macedonia,  Illyria,  and  Epirus  all  annexed  as  provinces  •  Achaean  league  declares  war  ag.  Rome  – Base  of  Achaean  League,  Corinth,  razed  in  146    – Everything  destroyed  and  populaEon  enslaved  

 (Symbolic:  same  year  as  Carthage  sacked:  146)  

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Conclusions  of  Rome’s  Conquest  of  Greece  from  214-­‐146  BC  

•  Military  

– End  of  phalanx  and  of  poliEcal  liberty  of  Greek  states  

•  PoliEcal  – New  provinces  =  no  turning  back  

•  Cultural  – “Greece,  having  been  conquered,  conquered  its  fierce  conqueror.”  -­‐Horace  

Asia:    AnEochus  III  (the  Great)  King  of  Syria  •  190s  AnEochus  vs.  Pergamum  >  envoys  to  Rome  

•  Hannibal  at  AnEochus’  court!  •  Aetolians  invite  AnEochus  into  Greece  aYer  Flamininus  frees  Greece  

•  Romans  kick  AnEochus  out  of  Greece  in  191  •  Now  a  score  to  secle:  – Phase  1  =  dominaEon    – Phase  2  =  destabilizaEon  – Phase  3  =  annexaEon  

1)  Domina8on  •  190  BC:  Bacle  Magnesia  in  Asia  Minor  – Rome  and  Pergamum  vs.  AnEochus  III  of  Syria  – 30,000  Romans  defeat  70,000  Syrians  – C.O.  Roman  legions:  Scipio  Africanus  &  brother  

•  Treaty  of  Apamea  188  BC  – AnEochus  to  withdraw  from  most  of  Asia  Minor  – Surrender  navy  – Pay  huge  indemnity  of  15,000  talents  

•  Real  winner  of  all  this  =  Pergamum’s  King  Eumenes,  who  takes  over  ceded  territory  

2)  Destabiliza8on  •  Rome  tries  to  leave  Asia  Minor…  but  can’t  •  Pergamum  vs.  neighboring  Bithynia    – Pergamum  draws  Rome  in  as  ally  

– Hannibal  hiding  out  in  Bithynian  court:  suicide  183  •  168  Rhodes  and  piracy  •  161  treaty  with  Jewish  rebels  against  Syria                                  3)  Annexa8on  •     133:  King  of  Pergamum  dies  without  heir  •     bequeaths  Pergamum  to  Rome  •     129:  old  kingdom  of  Pergamum  =  province  of  Asia      

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Imita1o  Alexandri    -­‐  scary  individualism  –  personality  cult  -­‐Scipio  Africanus  

             Alexander  the  Great                Pompey  the  Great