east and west imperialism powerpoint · 2/16/12 4 conclusions%of%rome’s%conquestof%...
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![Page 1: EAST and WEST Imperialism powerpoint · 2/16/12 4 Conclusions%of%Rome’s%Conquestof% Greecefrom214146BC • Military% –End%of%phalanx%and%of%poliEcal%liberty%of% Greekstates •](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042100/5e7c625aec060f2f7e6a61f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Roman Expansion and Imperialism 218-‐129 BC
• West (Carthage; Spain; Northern Italy) and HellenisEc Kingdoms of the East (in Greece and Asia):
• Take Home Messages?
– New imperialism: larger-‐scale & new moEves
– Rise of individualisEc, super-‐imperialist generals
– Strain of what to do with conquered territory – Phalanx out dated: Roman Legion unbeatable
Northern Italy: Gauls and naEve tribes
• Cisalpine Gaul– “Gaul on this side of Alps” • Fought Gallic tribes, esp. Boii (both before and aYer Hannibal)
• RomanizaEon, large-‐scale colonizaEon, roads
– PlacenEa + Bologna • Cisalpine Gaul becomes Italia Transpadana
• Ligurians (NW Italy) also conquered in 2nd century
Spain • Strategy + RetaliaEon + Silver • 2 provinces: Citerior and Ulterior Spain • War, guerrilla warfare, down to 133 BC
• 151 L. Licinius Lucullus and the Vaccaei • 150 Sulpicius Galba and Lusitanians • Viriathus: Lusitanian hero • NumanEa, besieged by Rome for 9 years unEl completely destroyed in 133 by
P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus
Eastern Mediterranean: HellenisEc Kingdoms (aYer Alexander)
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AnEgonid Empire (Macedonia)
Ind. States (inc. Acalids: Pergamum)
Seleucid Empire (Syria)
Ptolemaic Empire (Egypt)
Key Players: • King Philip V of Macedon: AnEgonid
• King AnEochus III (the Great) of Syria: Seleucid
• Two Greek Leagues: Achaean and Aetolian
• Titus QuincEus Flamininus (Roman consul 198)
• The Scipios: Scipio Africanus and his brother
• King Perseus of Macedon (son of Philip)
• King Eumenes II of Pergamum (Acalid)
• Lucius Aemilius Paullus (Roman consul 168)
Phillip V of Macedon
An8ochus III of Syria
Into Greece • 2 Illyrian wars 229-‐8 and 219 = pirates – But presence of Romans so far East bothers Macedon
– Philip V of Macedon allies with Hannibal aYer Cannae
• Phase 1: Domina8on • 214-‐205 = 1st Macedonian “war” – Rome makes alliances with Aetolian league and Pergamum
– Whole point just to keep Macedon from helping Hannibal
– Two effects: account to secle + allies in area
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2nd Macedonian war 200-‐196 • Philip V + AnEochus III vs. Rome + Aetolian league • 197: decisive Bacle of Cynoscephalae in Thessaly – consul: T. QuincEus Flamininus
– Two key aspects: • 1. Legion versus phalanx: flexibility • 2. Deployment of victory
• 196 Flamininus declares Greek peace + liberty!
• BUT: Aetolian league + AnEochus III(Syria) • 191 Thermopylae and 188 Rome leaves again
Phase 2: Destabiliza8on
• Philip’s son Perseus now Macedonian King • War breaks out: 3rd Macedonian war 172-‐67
• Decisive Bacle of Pydna 168 • Consul: L. Aemilius Paullus
(Polybius taken hostage)
Bacle of Pydna 168 • Roman legions beat 20,000 men in phalanx
-‐ Aemilius Paullus has huge Triumph -‐ Massive influx of wealth to Rome
Rome cracks down this Eme – No more Macedonia– divided up into 4 autonomous units
– Illyria divided up into 3 units – Epirus completely sacked
• 4th Macedonian war 149-‐8/6
• Phase 3: Annexa8on • Macedonia, Illyria, and Epirus all annexed as provinces • Achaean league declares war ag. Rome – Base of Achaean League, Corinth, razed in 146 – Everything destroyed and populaEon enslaved
(Symbolic: same year as Carthage sacked: 146)
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Conclusions of Rome’s Conquest of Greece from 214-‐146 BC
• Military
– End of phalanx and of poliEcal liberty of Greek states
• PoliEcal – New provinces = no turning back
• Cultural – “Greece, having been conquered, conquered its fierce conqueror.” -‐Horace
Asia: AnEochus III (the Great) King of Syria • 190s AnEochus vs. Pergamum > envoys to Rome
• Hannibal at AnEochus’ court! • Aetolians invite AnEochus into Greece aYer Flamininus frees Greece
• Romans kick AnEochus out of Greece in 191 • Now a score to secle: – Phase 1 = dominaEon – Phase 2 = destabilizaEon – Phase 3 = annexaEon
1) Domina8on • 190 BC: Bacle Magnesia in Asia Minor – Rome and Pergamum vs. AnEochus III of Syria – 30,000 Romans defeat 70,000 Syrians – C.O. Roman legions: Scipio Africanus & brother
• Treaty of Apamea 188 BC – AnEochus to withdraw from most of Asia Minor – Surrender navy – Pay huge indemnity of 15,000 talents
• Real winner of all this = Pergamum’s King Eumenes, who takes over ceded territory
2) Destabiliza8on • Rome tries to leave Asia Minor… but can’t • Pergamum vs. neighboring Bithynia – Pergamum draws Rome in as ally
– Hannibal hiding out in Bithynian court: suicide 183 • 168 Rhodes and piracy • 161 treaty with Jewish rebels against Syria 3) Annexa8on • 133: King of Pergamum dies without heir • bequeaths Pergamum to Rome • 129: old kingdom of Pergamum = province of Asia
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Imita1o Alexandri -‐ scary individualism – personality cult -‐Scipio Africanus
Alexander the Great Pompey the Great