EARTHWORKRECORD SYSTEM

Earthwork Record System

• The Earthwork Record System keeps a graphical representation of density tests and record of density tests for the earthwork portion of a construction project.

• It is the best method we know of to document that earthwork construction meets the requirements of the contract.

• The Earthwork Record System (ERS) is composed of form 675-020-27 maintained by the Contractor (QC) and form 675-020-28 maintained by the Engineer(VT).

• Question. What is the most important thing you can do for the IA inspector?

• Answer. The number 1 most important message from Earthwork IA is to understand the logbook.

Earthwork Record system

What is the function of the logbook?

• Used as the basis for accepting completed roadway earthwork.

• It contains forms and directions for earthwork construction.

Earthwork Record System

Contractor’s Responsibilities

• Quality Control? – Plot roadway and drainage sheets– Assemble the QC ERS Form 675-020-27– Maintain the QC ERS throughout the project.– Take QC densities– Sample, split and test for proctors– Maintain resolution and verification samples– Sample for all QC lab tests– QC takes resolution density tests– Meet the requirements of the contract.

• Verification? – Verify Contractor’s Results– Review Earthwork Record System for

completeness and accuracy.– Provide the reference gauge for comparisons

on new gauges brought to the project– Sample for LBR– Verification density testing– Witness surface and depth checks

Department’s Responsibilities

• District Materials IA– Explain to project personnel what is needed to make

sure Earthwork documentation can be understood.– Provide the reference nuclear density gauge for

initial comparison– Review ERS to make sure any deficiencies are

resolved– Perform Quality Performance Reviews for

technicians (QPR’s)– Observe ongoing construction

Department’s Responsibilities

Parts of the Record System

675-020-27 CONTRACTOR QC EARTHWORK

DENSITY RECORD SYSTEM

• This is the Earthwork Record System maintained by the Contractor and consists of pages for: Earthwork Density Report Pavement Plot Summary of Proctors LOT Index and Special Conditions Stabilizing Mixing Depth Rock Base Thickness Random Number Generator

• Gauge comparison sheet – Documents initial gauge comparisons required by

120- 10.1.1– A note requires gauge calibration sheets to be

kept with the Density Log Books.– The initial gauge comparison compares QC and VT

gauges to the District IA gauge.– Any new gauges brought out to the project shall

be compared to the verification gauge.

Earthwork Record System

7-1

8-1

9-1

10-2

• Included in QC & VT Logbooks

Summary of Proctors

2-16

The Proctor is a laboratory test which establishes a density standard that a contractor must achieve a certain percent of, in the field for a given material.

What is the Proctor

2-17

Unit Weight - the weight of a material occupying a unit volume.

Wet Density - the weight of soil and water occupying a unit volume.

Dry Density - the weight of just the soil solids occupying a unit volume.

Moisture Content - the amount of water, in the soil occupying a unit volume, (generally expressed in Percent of Dry Weight).

To understand the proctor you need to know:

2-18

Compaction is achieved by inputting energy to expel the air and water in the soil’s voids.

The reduction of these voids creates the following changes in the material:

• Increase in unit weight• Decrease in compressibility• Decrease in Permeability

Air Water

Air Water

Energy

How proctor relates to compaction

2-19

Just Right

MAXIMUM DENSITY (B)@

OPTIMUM MOISTURECONTENT (A)

100%

98%

Target AreaB

A

DryDensity

(pcf)

% Moisture

This is the maximumachievable densityfor the compactive effort.

Dry Mud

THE LABORATORY PROCTOR

2-20

FM 1 T-180 (FM 5-521) Moisture Density Relations of Soils Using 10-lb. (4.54-kg) Rammer and 18-inch (457-mm) Drop 56 blows/ layer - 5 layers

AASHTO T 99 (FM 5-525) Moisture Density Relations of Soils Using 5.5-lb. (2.5-kg) Rammer and 12-inch (305-mm) Drop 25 blows/layer - 3 layers

MODIFIED PROCTOR

TWO TYPES OF PROCTORS

STANDARD PROCTOR

2-21

The plotted data, represents a curvilinear relationship known as the Compaction Curve or more commonly, the Proctor Curve.

THE PROCTOR CURVE

118.0 pcf@ 12.5%

Unit Weight of Soil, lbs/cuft

98% of max. density = ______pcf

Plots • Computer plotted and page numbered.

• Shall accurately illustrate the required testing (the first to the last lift placed).

• Changes or replots that reflect a change from the plan cross sections shall have a detailed note.

• Verification plots may be used at the option of the Project Administrator

Attach computer plotted graphs for the sections with:

• EmbankmentUse a different bar chart for each pavement layer compacted separately. For the sections with no Embankment, the Pavement Plot sheet may be used.

• DrainageAttach plots for all Drainage structures that require testing.

• MSE Wall ConstructionA shorter section roadway graph, less than 500 feet may be used to plot sections of MSE wall construction.

EXCAVATION OF UNSUITABLE MATERIALS

• All computer-plotted embankment graphs shall be corrected for excavation of unsuitable materials.

• The anticipated depth of excavation may be coded as an undercut depth, to provide a blank space for hand corrections.

• If the graph is re-plotted, make an appropriate note to identify deviation from the plans.

When there is no embankment

Coding the Density Log book

Roadway & Drainage Plots

Getting Started

Download the DLB Plot Program to your PC from the FDOT website.

http://www.dot.state.fl.us/ecso/downloads/software/

http://materials.dot.state.fl.us/smo/Geotechnical/Earthwork/operations.htm

Required for Coding Roadway

• Highest proposed pavement elevation• Lowest existing ground elevation• Code for unsuitable material• Locate Shoulder break points and draw the

1:2 control line• Code thickness of Asphalt, Base, & Subgrade• Code pads for Shoulder base, Shoulder

Subgrade, Sidewalk, etc.

Code Critical points for both Left and Right Roadways from each Cross Section

PROJECT NUMBER PAGE NO:

SURFACE THICKNESS .250 BASE THICKNESS 20 SUBGRADE THICKNESS 1.00 UNDERCUT 1.00

REMARKS:

LABEL

THICKNESS

PAD 1 PAD 2 PAD 3 PAD 4

STATION 1 STATION 2 STATION 3 STATION 4 STATION 5 STATION 6 STATION + + + + + +

PROPOSED

EXISTING

STATION + + + +

PROPOSED

EXISTING

STATION PROPOSED

EXISTING

STATION + + + + +

PROPOSED

EXISTING

RECORD NO.________________ HEADER NO._______________

21066935201 1

Ratliff Rd New Construction

20 5017.8014.50

021 0018.50

14.80

21 5018.7514.85

22 50 23 5019.5017.20

24 8019.8017.00

32 89

19.80

17.00

33 50

19.70

15.70

19.1017.30

34 + 00 35 00

38+5038+0037+0036+0035 + 00 21.33 21.14 20.7820.4120.05

20.3018.70 18.6616.9017.20

20.05 19.69

17.20 16.40

0.4

RTSB

.333

RSSG

.479

LSSG

.417

From Typical Sections

Elevation in Feet

Base Subgrade

Shoulder BaseShoulder Subgrade

Bar Graphs

Existing ground level Proposed grade

Stationing WH

x

x x

xx

x

WH

12-30-09

1-3-10

1-3-10

ROADWAY PLOT

EARTHWORK

Bar Graphs

Base Subgrade

Shoulder BaseShoulder Subgrade

Cut Fill

Existing ground level Proposed grade

Stationing

Elevation in Feet

Required for Coding Drainage

• Flow line• Top & bottom Structure elevation• Length & size of pipe• These values are manually read from the

plans. This information rarely given in one place.– May require cross referencing with plan/profile or

summary of drainage structures.

Some structure tops & bottoms must be scaled from cross sections.

We need to find the lengths of pipe.

PROJECT NO_______________________________________ PAGE

PIPEREMARKS

LENGTHFEET/METERS

TYPE SIZEINCH/MM

STRUCTURE ONE

NUMBER TOPFLOWLINE

BOTTOM

STRUCTURE TWO

PIPE BACKFILL CODE SHEET

BOTTOMFLOWLINE

TOPNUMBER

Sta 21+50 to 22+68 115’ RCP 18” S-1 16. 57 13.45 S-2 18.20 13.20

Sta 22+68 X-Drain 75’ RCP 18” S-3 18.00 13.05 S-2 18.20 13.20

22+78 to 22+68 27’ RCP 18” S-3A 18.00 12.99 S-3 18.00 13.05

Sta 22+78 Lt 10’ RCP 18” MES 12.95 S-3A 18.00 12.99

21066935201

33+50 to 33+50 55 RCP 18” S-4 18.75 16.00 14.75 S-4 18.65 15.90 14.65 22+68 to 33+65 305 RCP 18” S-3 18.00 13.05 S-6 17.50 13.80

33+65 to 33+65 44 RCP 18” S-6 17.50 13.80 S-5 18.04 13.90

33+65 to 33+95 30’ RCP 18” S-6 17.50 13.80 S-7 18.19 13.90

18+ 07 to 17+35 72’ RCP 18” S-7A 17.05 S-7A 17.58

21+35 to 21+80 25’ RCP 18” MES 14.25 S-8 17.50 14.50

24+00 to 24+00 9’ RCP 18” S-9 18.00 13.95 MES 13.93

24+00 to 24+43 44 RCP 18 S-9 18.00 13.95 S-11 16.81 14.05

24+43 to 24+43 48’ RCP 18” S-11 16.81 14.05 S-10 16.65 14.15

WH

Page 115

XX X

X

WH

X

Test Locations

Page 115

What about Lot numbering?• Number LOTs combined with page

number (Lot# - Corresponding Page #)

• Example Lot 11-27, means lot 11, and page 27

• Start a new set of numbers for each type of construction on each sheet. i.e Pipe Backfill, Embankment, Subgrade, Base, MSE Wall

REMEMBER

• The District Materials Officeis there to help

• Check with the Materials Office about:Preliminary PagesRequirements of Lot IndexCoding elevations from PlansUsing the DLB Plot ProgramOther Logbook questions

Earthwork Record System Common mistakes in the Density Log Book

1. Missing density tests (both QC & VT)2. Missing dispositions/pre determined

dispositions .3. Density tests are not taken at a randomly

selected location. Lots for verification are not selected randomly

4. The plotted graph elevations are not correct.5. Water Table is not noted with initial & date

Earthwork Record System Common mistakes in the Density Log Book

6. Embankment is placed over more than one untested lot.

7. Nuclear density gauges are not compared before usage

8. Test sections are not performed before thick lift compaction

9. Notes are not used to explain the logbook

Nuclear Density & Speedy Moisture test Procedures

Film

Key Earthwork Specs

Recent changes to Stabilizing

• 914 describes material properties for the material used for stabilizing. The approval process was removed from this section.

• An acceptance program for local material has been added to Section 160

Witness - Sections 160 & 200

• Thickness and surface checks are verified by witness & recording the QC measurements .

• Unless the Engineer requests, no holes are drilled for Verification

• Accurate measurements are important because payment for base is computed from QC measurements.

• Test Strip Requirements for 12 inch thick compacted lifts.• 125-8.1.6 – In the soil envelope - maximum allowed thickness of backfill is 6 inches.

Max. Lift Thickness

Requirements for max. 12 inch thick compacted Earthwork

Material Embankment 120-8.2

Pipe Backfill125-8.1

A-3 and A-2-4 soils with up to 15% fines

No Test strip required

Test strip required

A-1, Plastic materials, and A-2-4 Materials with greater than 15% fines

Test strip required Test strip required

Section 125-8.3• What is the Soil Envelope?

The Soil Envelope is the ______zone and the _______zone for the pipe.

Soil Envelope

• How many passing density tests are required before the contract allows Reduced Frequency Density Testing for;

• Embankment?_____

• Pipe backfill?______

• 125-9.1.1 - requires LOTS to be selected randomly when reduced frequency testing is performed

Reduced Frequency Testing

• Plastic and Metal pipe backfill requires 95% of Standard Proctor for density.

• Concrete pipe backfill requires 100% of Standard Proctor.

• Structure backfill requires 100% of Standard proctor regardless of the type of pipe joining the structures.

125 – Pipe Backfill

• What are the density testing requirements when a metal pipe is connected to a concrete structure?

____standard proctor for the metal pipe &

_____standard proctor for the structure.

Density Testing Pipe/Structure

• Acceptance Program - 120-10 & 125-9– Both QC and VT inspectors are required to select

test locations, including station, offset and Lifts using a random number generator approved by the Engineer.

– A Chart has been added to the Earthwork Record System forms to assist with generating Random Numbers.

Location for Sampling and Testing

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

WHAT’S ?

END