earthquakes with 1000 deaths or more since 1900

8/7/2019 Earthquakes with 1000 deaths or more since 1900

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Earthquakes with 1,000 or More Deaths since

1900

Date UTC Location Deaths Magnitude Comments

1902 04 19 Quezaltenango

and SanMarcos,Guatemala14N 91W

2,000 7.5 This quake also caused damage in Mexico at

Tapachula, Chiapas. It was felt as far away asJalapa, Veracruz and Mexico City. The duration inMexico was estimated at one to one and a half minutes. [ 307,308,A-51 ]

1902 12 16 Andijon(Andizhan),Uzbekistan(Turkestan,Russia)40.8N 72.3E

4,700 6.4 Over 41,000 buildings destroyed in the Andijon-Margilan area. A train was "thrown from thetracks" at Andijon station. A strong aftershock about 40 minutes later caused additional damage. [ 233 ]

1903 04 28 Malazgirt,Turkey(OttomanEmpire)39.1N 42.6E

3,500 7.0 About 12,000 houses destroyed and 20,000 animalskilled in the Malazgirt-Patnos area. Slight damageas far away as Erzurum and Bitlis. A strongaftershock on August 6 caused additionalcasualties. [ 215,71 ]

1903 05 28 Gole, Turkey(OttomanEmpire)40.9N 42.7E

1,000 5.8 Several villages destroyed. Death toll may beoverstated, since Ambraseys said quake "is allegedto have killed over 1000 people. [ 215 ]

1905 04 04 Kangra, India

33.0N 76.0E

19,000 7.5 Damage in the Kangra area and at Dehra Dun [

6,299 ] 1905 09 08 Calabria, Italy

39.4N 16.4E557 7.9 Authoritative Italian sources list the death toll as

557. Over 14,000 houses damaged throughoutCalabria. Some damage on Lipari Island and inparts of Messina Province. Felt strongly throughoutsouthern Italy and eastern Sicily.Previously listed with 2500 deaths.

1906 01 31 Off coast of Esmeraldas,Ecuador1N 81.5W

1,000 8.8 Damage in the Tumaco, Colombia - Esmeraldas,Ecuador area from the earthquake and tsunami.Earthquake damage occurred as far as 100 km (60mi) inland, from Cali, Colombia to Otavalo,

Ecuador. Felt as far away as Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela. Tsunami waves as high as 5 m (16 ft)observed at Tumaco, but fortunately some of thewaves were dissipated on offshore islands beforereaching the city. About 450 houses destroyed inthe Guapi area, Colombia by a series of 6 waves,the largest described as being as high as tall trees.Coastal uplift as high as 1.6 m (5 ft) observed in theharbors of Manta, Ecuador and Buenaventura,Colombia. Submarine cables were broken in severalplaces between Buenaventura and Panama. Cablebreaks also occurred off Puerto Rico, implyingthere may have been a tsunami generated in theCaribbean Sea as well. [ 207,3,325,312,314 ]

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/notable_ref.php






























1906 03 16 Chia-i, Taiwan23.6N 120.5E

1,250 6.8 Over 6,000 houses destroyed. About 13 km (8 mi)of surface faulting, with maximum horizontal offset2.4 m (8 ft) and vertical offset 1.8 m (6 ft).Aftershocks on Mar 26, Apr 6, 7 and 13 causedadditional casualties and damage. [ 310,6,299 ]

1906 04 18 San Francisco,California

37.75N122.55W

about3,000

7.8 Most of the damage and casualties were due to thefires in San Francisco caused by the earthquake.

Faulting observed on the San Andreas Fault over adistance of 300 km (185 mi). [ 334,312 ]

1906 08 17 Valparaiso,Chile33S 72W

3,882 8.2 Much of Valparaiso destroyed. Many reports saidthe quake lasted four minutes. Severe damage incentral Chile from Illapel to Talca. Felt from Tacna,Peru to Puerto Montt. Tsunami generated. Upliftoccurred along the coast from Zapallar to Llico(about 250 km or 150 mi). Bath lists the death tollas 20,000. The number we are using was providedby the Universidad de Chile.

1907 01 14 Kingston,Jamaica18.2N 76.7W

800 -1,000

6.5 Every building in Kingston was damaged by theearthquake and subsequent fires. A tsunami wasreported on the north coast of Jamaica, with amaximum wave height of about 2 m (6-8 ft). [ A-49,A-51,319,309 ]

1907 10 21 Qaratog(Karatag),Tajikistan(Turkestan,Russia)38.5N 67.9E

12,000 8.0 Two earthquakes destroyed Qaratog and manymountain villages in the Gissar and Denau areas of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. [ 233,3 ]

1908 12 28 Messina, Italy38.15N 15.68E

72,000 7.2 Over 40% of the population of Messina and morethan 25% of Reggio di Calabria killed by theearthquake and tsunami, as well as by fires in someparts of Messina. Casualty toll is based on censusdata 1901-1911, some estimates are as high as110,000. Severe damage in large parts of Calabriaand Sicily. Felt throughout Sicily and north toNaples and Campobasso. Also felt on Malta, inMontenegro and Albania and on the Ionian Islands.Tsunami heights of 6-12 m (20-39 ft) observed on

the coast of Sicily south of Messina and heights of 6-10 m (20-33 ft) observed along the coast of Calabria. Aftershocks continued into 1913. [ 301,299,A-75 ]

1909 01 23 Silakhor, Iran(Persia)33.4N 49.1E

5,000 to6,000

7.3 About 60 villages destroyed or severely damaged.Casualties occurred in 130 villages. Over 40 km (25mi) of surface rupture was seen on the Dorud Fault.Aftershocks continued for nearly 6 months. [ 191,A-138 ]

1912 08 09 Murefte, Turkey(OttomanEmpire)40.75N 27.20E

2,800 7.4 Almost 25,000 houses destroyed and 15,000damaged in over 580 towns and villages in theMurefte-Gelibolu (Gallipoli) area, leaving morethan 80,000 people homeless. About 50 km (30 mi)of surface faulting with with offsets as much as 3 m

































(9 ft) occurred across the north end of the GeliboluPeninsula from the Saros Gulf to the Sea of Marmara. Liquefaction was seen as far as 200 km(125 mi) from the epicenter. [ 215,71 ]

1914 10 03 Burdur, Turkey(OttomanEmpire)

37.82N 30.27E

4,000 7.0 More than 17,000 houses destroyed in the Burdur-Egridir-Dinar area. Damage occurred as far away asAntalya, Bolvadin and Denizli. About 23 km (14

mi) along the southeast shore of Burdur Lakesubsided, indicating this may have been the faultzone. [ 215 ]

1915 01 13 Avezzano, Italy41.98N 13.65E

32,610 7.0 Severe damage in the Avezzano-Pescina area. Anestimated 3,000 more people died in the next fewmonths from indirect effects of the earthquake. Feltthroughout Central Italy from Veneto to Basilicata.[ 301,321 ]

1917 01 20 Bali, Indonesia9.0S 115.8E

1,500 Landslides on Bali caused most of the casualties.Many houses damaged. One source lists casualty

toll as 15,000, but that seems high compared to thedamage descriptions.

1917 07 30 North of Daguan,Yunnan, China28.0N 104.0E

1,800 7.5 Many houses collapsed in the Hengjiang andDaguan River Valleys. An iron chain bridge atYanjin was turned upside down and several stonebridges collapsed. Rockslides blocked the DaguanRiver, causing the water to flow back upstream forseveral kilometers. [ 310,104 ]

1918 02 13 Nan'ao,Guangdong(Kwangtung),China23.5N 117.2E

1,000 7.4 Most houses destroyed and 80% of the populationwas killed or wounded on Nan'ao. About 1,000people killed or injured at Shantou (Swatow). Morethan 90% of houses destroyed or damaged in theJieyang-Yunxiao area of Guangdong and FujianProvinces. Damage occurred as far away as Fuzhou(Foochow). The death toll may be as high as10,000, but is difficult to count since the sourcecombines deaths and injuries and often givespercentages instead of specific numbers. The quakewas felt in Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan andZhejiang Provinces. [ 310,92 ]

1920 12 16 Haiyuan,Ningxia (Ning-hsia), China36.5N 105.7E

200,000 7.8 Total destruction (XII - the maximum intensity onthe Mercalli scale) in the Lijunbu-Haiyuan-Ganyanchi area. Over 73,000 people were killed inHaiyuan County. A landslide buried the village of Sujiahe in Xiji County. More than 30,000 peoplewere killed in Guyuan County. Nearly all thehouses collapsed in the cities of Longde andHuining. Damage (VI-X) occurred in 7 provincesand regions, including the major cities of Lanzhou,Taiyuan, Xi'an, Xining and Yinchuan. It was feltfrom the Yellow Sea to Qinghai (Tsinghai)

Province and from Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia)south to central Sichuan (Szechwan) Province.About 200 km (125 mi) of surface faulting was























seen from Lijunbu through Ganyanchi to Jingtai.There were large numbers of landslides and groundcracks throughout the epicentral area. Some riverswere dammed, others changed course. Seiches fromthis earthquake were observed in 2 lakes and 3fjords in western Norway. Although usually calledthe Kansu (now Gansu) earthquake by Western

sources, the epicenter and highest intensities areclearly within Ningxia Autonomous Region. [ 310,92,316 ]

1923 03 24 Near Luhuo,Sichuan(Szechwan),China31.3N 100.8E

3,500 7.3 Severe damage and landslides in the Luhuo-Dawuarea. Some damage and casualties occurred atQianning. [ 310 ]

1923 05 25 Torbat-eHeydariyeh,

Iran (Persia)35.2N 59.2E

2,200 5.7 Five villages completely destroyed southwest of Torbat-e Heydariyeh. [ 191,A-138 ]

1923 09 01 Kanto(Kwanto), Japan35.3N 139.5E

142,800 7.9 Extreme destruction in the Tokyo - Yokohama areafrom the earthquake and subsequent firestorms,which burned about 381,000 of the more than694,000 houses that were partially or completelydestroyed. Although often known as the GreatTokyo Earthquake (or the Great Tokyo Fire), thedamage was apparently most severe at Yokohama.Damage also occurred on the Boso and IzuPeninsulas and on O-shima. Nearly 2 m (6 ft) of

permanent uplift was observed on the north shore of Sagami Bay and horizontal displacements of asmuch as 4.5 m (15 ft) were measured on the BosoPeninsula. A tsunami was generated in Sagami Baywith wave heights as high as 12 m (39 ft) on O-shima and 6 m (20 ft) on the Izu and BosoPeninsulas. Sandblows were noted at Hojo whichintermittently shot fountains of water to a height of 3 m (10 ft). [ 303,6,312,321 ]

1925 03 16 Near Dali(Talifu, Ta-li),Yunnan, China25.7N 100.2E

5,800 7.0 More than 76,000 houses collapsed or burned in theDali area, where over 3,600 people were killed and7,200 injured. (There is a slight possibility thatthese are the total figures for the earthquake, notjust Dali). Damage and casualties also occurred inFengyi, Midu, Binchuan and Dengchuan Counties.It was felt at Kunming. [ 310,92 ]

1927 03 07 Tango, Japan35.8N 134.8E

3,020 7.6 More than 1,100 people killed and 98% of thehouses in Mineyama destroyed by the earthquakeand subsequent fires. The quake was felt fromKagoshima to Tokyo. Faulting was observed on theGomura and Yamada Faults, at right angles to each

other at the base of the Tango Peninsula. [ 6,92 ] 1927 05 22 Gulang, Gansu

(Kansu), China40,900 7.6 Extreme damage in the Gulang-Wuwei area.

Landslides buried a town near Gulang and dammed





























37.5N 102.7E a stream in Wuwei County, creating a new lake.Large fissures and sandblows occurred in the area.Damage occurred from Lanzhou through Minqinand Yongchang to Jinta. It was felt at Xi'an and asfar as 700 km (440 mi) from the epicenter. Thisarea along the base of the Qilian Shan (formerlynamed Nan Shan, which is why this is sometimes

called the Nan Shan earthquake) was part of theSilk Road connecting China with Central Asia.Some sources list the death toll as high as 200,000,but this may be a confusion with the much-biggerNingxia quake of 1920. Also, Gu et al. report thatover 250,000 livestock were killed by thisearthquake. [ 310,311,92,3 ]

1929 05 01 Koppeh Dagh,Iran (Persia)37.85N 57.75E

3,800 7.2 This earthquake caused casualties and severedamage on both sides of the Iran-Turkmenistan(Persia-USSR) border. More than 3,250 peoplewere killed and 88 villages destroyed or damaged inthe Baghan-Gifan area, Iran. Damage also occurredat Bojnurd. Nearly all buildings were destroyed atGermab, Turkmenistan. Damage occurred to 57places in Turkmenistan, including Ashgabat(Ashkhabad), where there were some casualties.About 50 km (30 mi) of surface faulting wasobserved on the Baghan-Germab fault. Aftershocksoccurred until 1933 [ 233,191,92,A-138 ]

1930 05 06 Salmas, Iran(Persia)

38.15N 44.70E

2,500 7.2 About 60 villages destroyed in the Salmas Plain andsurrounding mountains. The town of Dilman

(population 18,000) was completely destroyed, butthere were only 1,100 deaths because a magnitude5.4 foreshock had occurred at 07:03 UTC.Although the foreshock killed 25 people, itprobably saved thousands of lives since manypeople chose to sleep outdoors that night. Faultingwas observed on the Salmas and Derik Faults, withthe maximum offsets 5 m (16 ft) vertically and 4 m(13 ft) horizontally on the Salmas Fault. Dilmanwas rebuilt west of the ruins and named Shahpur,now Salmas. [ 191,92,A-138 ]

1930 07 23 Irpinia, Italy41.05N 15.37E

1,404 6.5 Most of the damage was in the Ariano Irpino-Melfiarea of Avellino, Potenza and Foggia Provinces.Damage occurred as far away as Napoli (Naples).The quake was felt from the Po Valley to Catanzaroand Lecce Provinces. Earthquake lights werereported in the epicentral area. [ 301,3 ]

1931 03 31 Managua,Nicaragua12.15N 86.28W

2,500 6.0 The earthquake and fire destroyed much of the cityof Managua. [ 340,8d ]

1931 04 27 Zangezur

Mountains,Armenia-Azerbaijan

2,800 5.7 Fifty-seven villages were destroyed or heavily

damaged in the Sisian-Goris area, Armenia. Anadditional 46 villages were destroyed or seriouslydamaged in the Ordubad area, Azerbaijan. [ 233,A-


























border(Armeniya-Azerbaydzhan,USSR)39.2N 46.0E

192 ]

1931 08 10 Near Fuyun(Koktokay),

Xinjiang(Sinkiang),China46.8N 89.9E

10,000 8.0 Severe damage, ground fissures, landslides,sandblows and subsidence in the Fuyun-Qinghe

area. Some mines caved in at Altay. Slight damageoccurred at Urumqi. [ 310,92 ]

1932 12 25 Changma,Gansu (Kansu),China39.7N 97.0E

275 7.6 Authoritative Chinese sources list the death toll as275, which seems to be consistent with the damagereports. Over 1,100 houses collapsed in theChangma area. Damage occurred from Dunhuangto Gaotai. Surface rupture or deformation observedfrom Changma east intermittently for more than

110 km (65 mi). There were landslides, groundfissures and sandblows in the area. Also felt in partsof Qinghai (Tsinghai) and Xinjiang (Sinkiang). Onesource lists the death toll as 70,000, but this doesnot seem to be confirmed by the damagedescriptions nor by other sources.

1933 03 02 Sanriku, Japan39.25N 144.5E

3,000 8.4 Because this earthquake occurred about 290 km(180 mi) off the coast of Honshu, most of thecasualties and damage were caused by the largetsunami that was generated, instead of directly fromthe earthquake itself. About 5,000 houses in Japan

were destroyed, of which nearly 3,000 were washedaway. Maximum wave heights of 28.7 m (94 ft)were observed at Ryori Bay, Honshu. The tsunamialso caused slight damage in Hawaii, where a 2.9-meter (9.5-foot) was recorded at Napoopoo. [ 312,322,8f,321 ]

1933 08 25 North of Maowen,Sichuan(Szechwan),China32.0N 103.7E

9,300 7.5 The city of Diexi and about 60 villages in the areawere completely destroyed. Damage and casualtiesalso occurred at Chengdu. Felt at Chongqing andXi'an. Landslides created 4 lakes on the Min JiangRiver. Over 2,500 of the casualties occurred 45days after the earthquake, when the lakes brokethrough the slides and inundated the valley. [ 310 ]

1934 01 15 Bihar, India-Nepal26.5N 86.5E

10,700 8.1 Extreme damage (X) in the Sitamarhi-Madhubani,India area, where most buildings tilted or sank up to1 m (3 ft) into the thick alluvium. Sand covered thesunken floors up to 1 m deep. This liquefactiondamage extended eastward through Supaul toPurnia, India. In the Muzaffarpur-Darbhanga areasouth of the zone of liquefaction most buildingswere shaken apart by "typical" severe earthquake

damage. Two other areas of extreme damage (X)from shaking occurred in the Munger (Monghyr)area along the Ganges River, India and in the

















Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Large fissures occurredin the alluvial areas [ 6,3,330 ]

1935 04 20 Miao-li, Taiwan(Formosa)24.3N 120.8E

3,270 7.1 More than 12,000 people injured and 39,000 roomsdestroyed or severely damaged in the Hsin-chu-T'ai-chung (Shinchiku-Taichu) area. A railroad linesubsided as much as 2 m (6 ft). Iron bridges weredestroyed and tunnels were cracked. The quake was

felt in most of Taiwan and at Fuzhou (Foochow),mainland China. Faulting was observed in twozones: the northern zone had predominantly verticaloffsets of up to 3 m (10 ft) and the southern one had1 to 1.5 m (3-5 ft) of horizontal displacement withup to 1 m vertical offset. [ 310,6 ]

1935 05 30 Quetta, Pakistan(Baluchistan,India)29.6N 66.5E

30,000 7.6 Quetta almost completely destroyed. There werenumerous fractures and landslides in the area. [ 228v,330,3 ]

1935 07 16 Hsin-chu(Shinchiku),Taiwan(Formosa)24.6N 120.8E

2,740 6.5 More than 6,000 people injured and many thousandhouses destroyed in the Hsin-chu area. It was felt asfar away as Fuzhou (Foochow), mainland China.This is probably an aftershock of the April 20, 1935quake. [ 310,6 ]

1939 01 25 Chillan, Chile36.25S 72.25W

28,000 7.8 Extreme damage in the Cauquenes-Chillan area. Itwas felt from Arica to Puerto Aisen. [ 206,3 ]

1939 12 26 Erzincan,Turkey39.8N 39.38E

32,700 7.8 Extreme damage in the Erzincan Plain and theKelkit River Valley. Damage (VII) occurred fromnear Turcan, where a strong earthquake (possibly afore- shock) had occurred on Nov 21, west toAmasya and from Sivas north to the Black Seacoast. The quake was felt strongly at Larnaca,Cyprus. Over 300 km (190 mi) of surface faultingwas observed in the North Anatolian Fault Zonebetween Erzincan and Niksar, with as much as 3.7m (2.5 ft) of horizontal displacement and 2.0 m (1.2ft) of vertical offset. A small tsunami was observedat Fatsa on the Black Sea coast of Turkey. It wasrecorded by tide stations from Tuapse, Russia toSevastopol, Ukraine. [ 71,306,92,6,322,A-138 ]

1940 11 10 Vrancea,Romania(Rumania)45.8N 26.7E

1,000 7.3 Many buildings destroyed and thousands of peopleinjured in the Bucharest-Galati area. Nearly allbuildings were destroyed or heavily damaged in thePrahova River Valley and at Ploiesti, partly due tofires that broke out in the oil refineries. Severedamage occurred at Chisinau (Kishinev), Moldova(Moldavia). Damage also occurred in Bulgaria andat Chernivtsi (Chernovtsy), Dnipropetrovsk andOdessa, Ukraine. The quake was felt fromMarseille, France to Moscow and St. Petersburg(Leningrad), Russia and at least as far south as

Istanbul, Turkey. [ 233,4,A-2 ]

1942 12 20 Erbaa, Turkey40.9N 36.5E

1,100 7.3 About 5,000 buildings destroyed or damaged in theErbaa-Niksar area. Surface faulting, with as much

































as 1.7 m (5.7 ft) of horizontal displacement,occurred in the North Anatolian Fault Zone fromNiksar in the Kelkit River Valley to the Yesilirmak River west of Erbaa. Note that this quake occurredimmediately to the west of the rupture zone of the1939 Erzincan earthquake. [ 71,306,A-138,8m ]

1943 09 10 Tottori, Japan

35.5N 134.2E

1,190 7.4 About 7,500 houses destroyed in the Tottori area. It

was felt from Niigata, to Kumamoto, Kyushu.Surface faulting was seen on two nearly-parallelfaults about 3 km apart southwest of Tottori. Thelongest one was about 8 km (5 mi) long with bothhorizontal and vertical displacements. [ A-152,6,313,92 ]

1943 11 26 Ladik, Turkey40.97N 33.22E

4,000 7.6 About 75 percent of the houses were destroyed ordamaged in the Ladik-Vezirkopru area. Damagealso occurred at Samsun. Surface faulting, with asmuch as 1.5 m (5 ft) of horizontal and 1 m (3 ft) of

vertical offset, was observed in a 280-km (175-mi)section of the North Anatolian Fault Zone from theDestek Gorge west of Erbaa to the Filyos River.This area is immediately to the west of the rupturezone of the 1942 Erbaa earthquake. [ 71,306,A-138]

1944 01 15 San Juan,Argentina31.5S 68.6W

8,000 7.4 Severe destruction in the city of San Juan: at least12,000 people injured. Damage also occurred inMendoza Province. This is the greatest number of casualties for any earthquake in the history of Argentina. Some estimates of the death toll are as

high as 10,000. The quake was felt strongly (VI) inCordoba, La Rioja and San Luis Provinces,Argentina and in the San Felipe-Petorca area, Chile.About 7 km (4 mi) of surface faulting at La Laja,north of San Juan. [ 203,300,8o,228ae ]

1944 02 01 Gerede, Turkey41.11N 33.22E

2,790 7.4 About 50,000 houses destroyed or heavily damagedin the North Anatolian Fault Zone from Boluthrough Gerede to Kursunlu. Damage (VI) occurredin the Sakarya-Zonguldak-Kastamonu area. Thequake was felt strongly at Ankara. Surface faultingwas observed from Bayramoren to Abant Lake withmaximum horizontal offset of 3.5 m (11 ft) and upto 1 m (3 ft) vertical displacement. This rupturezone is immediately to the west of the 1943 Ladik earthquake. In total, about 800 km (500 mi) of theNorth Anatolian Fault Zone, from Erzincan toAbant Lake, ruptured during a time interval of slightly more than 4 years. [ 71,306,A-138 ]

1944 12 07 Tonankai, Japan33.7N 136.2E

998 8.1 Authoritative Japanese sources list the death toll as998. More than 73,000 houses were destroyed orheavily damaged by the earthquake and an

additional 3,000 houses were washed away by thetsunami. The quake was felt from northern Honshuto Kyushu. A large tsunami struck the Pacific Coast
























of Japan from Choshi, Honshu to Tosashimizu,Shikoku. Maximum wave heights of up to 8 m (26ft) were observed on the east coast of the KiiPeninsula, Honshu. A 0.5-m tsunami was recordedon Attu, Alaska and a small tsunami was recordedat San Diego and Terminal Island, California.

1945 01 12 Mikawa, Japan

34.7N 137.0E

1,961 7.1 More than 17,000 houses destroyed or seriously

damaged, primarily in Aichi (Aiti) and Gifu (Gihu)Prefectures. It was felt from Fukushima(Hukusima) to Shimane Prefectures, Honshu and onShikoku. Surface faulting observed with up to 2 m(6 ft) vertical displacement. [ 313,6,228af ]

1945 11 27 Makran Coast,Pakistan(Baluchistan,India)24.9N 63.5E

4000 8.0 Severe damage at Pasni and Ormara. A largetsunami was generated that caused damage atKarachi and damage and casualties in the Mumbai(Bombay) area, India. Four new islands appearedoff the coast near Hinglaj. The quake was felt as far

away as Dera Ismail Khan and Sahiwal. [ 228af,8p,92 ]

1946 05 31 Ustukran,Turkey39.33N 41.10E

840 -1,300

5.9 Several villages destroyed.

1946 11 10 Ancash, Peru8.5S 77.5W

1,400 7.3 Nearly all buildings were destroyed or heavilydamaged in the Sihuas-Quiches-Conchucos area of Ancash Department. Many landslides occurred: oneburied the village of Acobamba and anotherdammed the Pelagatos River. The quake was feltfrom Guayaquil, Ecuador to Lima, Peru. Several

segments of surface faulting were seen in a zoneabout 18 km (11 mi) long from Quiches toHacienda Mayas. The faulting was purely dip-slip(vertical) with as much as 3.5 m (11 ft) offset. [ 208,328 ]

1946 12 20 Nankaido,Japan33.0N 135.6E

1,362 8.1 More than 2,600 people injured and 100 missing:over 36,000 houses destroyed or severely damagedin southern Honshu and on Shikoku. An additional2,100 houses were washed away by a tsunami,which reached heights of 5-6 m (16-20 ft) on the

east coast of the Kii Peninsula, Honshu and on theeast and south coasts of Shikoku. Landslides,ground fissures, uplift and subsidence wereobserved in the area. The quake was felt fromnorthern Honshu to Kyushu. [ 313,312,A-152 ]

1948 06 28 Fukui, Japan36.1N 136.2E

3,769 7.3 Nearly 67,000 houses destroyed in the Fukui areaby the earthquake and fires. Damage was especiallysevere in areas of alluvium. Some ground fissureswere observed in the area. It was felt from Ibarakiand Niigata Prefectures, Honshu to Uwajima,Shikoku. More than 550 aftershocks were felt in the

month following the quake. Some sources list thedeath toll as high as 5,390. [ 228ai,6,A-152,3 ]

1948 10 05 Ashgabat 110,000 7.3 Extreme damage in Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) and



























(Ashkhabad),Turkmenistan(Turkmeniya,USSR)37.95N 58.32E

nearby villages, where almost all brick buildingscollapsed, concrete structures were heavilydamaged and freight trains were derailed. Damageand casualties also occurred in the Darreh Gaz area,Iran. Surface rupture was observed both northwestand southeast of Ashgabat. Many sources list thecasualty total at 10,000, but a news release on 9

Dec 1988 advised that the correct death toll was110,000. [ 233,191 ]

1949 07 10 Khait,Tajikistan(Tadzhikistan,USSR)39.2N 70.8E

12,000 7.5 Nearly all buildings destroyed by the earthquakeand landslides in a zone 60-65 km (37-41 mi) longand 6-8 km (4-5 mi) wide. A huge slide, about 20km (12 mi) long and 1 km (0.5 mi) wide buried thetown of Khait to a depth of about 30 m (100 ft),moving over it at a velocity of about 100 m/sec(225 mi/hr). This and other slides in the YasmanRiver Valley also buried 20 villages. The death tollis estimated. [ 233,92,324 ]

1949 08 05 Ambato,Ecuador1.5S 78.25W

5,050 6.8 Guano, Patate, Pelileo and Pillaro were completelydestroyed, as was about one-third of the city of Ambato. Damage occurred in Tungurahua,Chimborazo and Cotopaxi Provinces. Landslidesblocked roads and streams in the area. It was felt(IV) at Cuenca, Guayaquil and Quito. [ 207,228aj,A-47 ]

1950 08 15 Near Zhamo(Rima), Xizang(Tibet), China

"Assam-Tibet"Earthquake28.7N 96.6E

1,526 8.6 At least 780 people killed and many buildingscollapsed in the Nyingchi-Qamdo-Zhamo (Rima,Zayu) area of eastern Tibet. Sandblows, ground

cracks and large landslides occurred in the area. Inthe Medog area, the village of Yedong slid into theYarlung Zangbo (Brahmaputra) River and waswashed away. The quake was felt at Lhasa and inSichuan and Yunnan Provinces, China. Severedamage (X) also occurred in the Sibsagar-Sadiyaarea of Assam, India and in the surrounding hills.About 70 villages were destroyed in the Abor Hills,mostly by landslides. Large landslides blocked theSubansiri River. This natural dam broke 8 dayslater, creating a wave 7 m (23 ft) high which

innundated several villages and killed 536 people.The quake was felt (VI) as far away as Calcutta.Seiches were observed in many lakes and fjords of Norway and in at least 3 reservoirs in England.Many sources call this the Assam-Tibet earthquakeor even the Assam earthquake, even though nearlyall place the epicenter in Tibet. Thus it is possiblethat the casualties for Tibet are not included in thetotal, as well as those from the Subansiri Riverflood. Furthermore, Gu et al. do not give casualtytotals for Yedong or other areas of the most severedamage in Tibet. Therefore, the actual casualty tollmay be much higher than the value given. [




















228ak,310,316,6 ]

1951 08 02 Cosiguina,Nicaragua13.0N 87.5W

1,000 5.8 The earthquake opened a side of CosiguinaVolcano, releasing water from its crater. Thesubsequent mudflow destroyed the town of Potosi.A larger earthquake (magnitude 6.0) occurred in thesame area on Aug 03 at 00:23. Some sources listthat as the event that triggered the mudflow. [

340,335,8v ] 1953 03 18 Yenice-Gonen,

Turkey40.01N 27.49E

1,070 7.3 Several thousand buildings damaged in the Can-Yenice-Gonen area. Felt (VI) at Sakarya(Adapazari), Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul and Izmir. Feltthroughout the Aegean Islands and in much of mainland Greece. Also felt in Bulgaria. About 50km (30 mi) of surface faulting with as much as 4.3m (14 ft) of strike-slip (horizontal) offset observedeast of Yenice. Damage estimated at $3,570,000. [ 306,228an,8x,92,A-138 ]

1954 09 09 Chlef (Orleansville, ElAsnam),Algeria36.28N 1.47E

1,250 6.8 Severe damage and about 3,000 people injured inthe Orleansville area, which was rebuilt andrenamed El Asnam (now Chlef). Felt fromMostaganem east to Tizi Ouzou and south to Tiaret.Faults and fissures occurred in a 16-km (10-mi)zone at the southern edge of the Dahra Massif.Undersea cables in the Mediterranean broke severalhours after the earthquake. There were manyaftershocks - a strong one on Sep 16 at 22:18caused additional damage. See also the El Asnamearthquake of 1980 Oct 10. [ 302,3,6 ]

1957 06 27 StanovoyMountains,Russia (USSR)56.3N 116.5E

7.6 The epicentral region of this quake was in anunpopulated area, so damage and casualties werereduced. Stoves and chimneys were broken in thenearest towns, and minor damage occurred atBodaybo and Chita, the latter nearly 500 km (300mi) from the epicenter. However, major geologicaleffects were observed in a wide area. TheNamarakit trough, an "embrionic" Baykal-typebasin, subsided more than 5-6 m (16-20 ft) on thesouth side, creating Lake Novyy Namarakit. Theadjacent Udokan Range was uplifted 1-1.5 m (3-5ft) and offset more than 1 m horizontally.Landslides occurred as far as 350 km (220 mi)away. Temperatures, flow rates and water levelschanged in springs and wells as far away as Chita.Previously listed with 1200 deaths.

1957 07 02 Near Sang Chai,Mazandaran,Iran36.14N 52.70E

1,200 7.1 Nearly all villages destroyed in the Ab-e Garm-Mangol-Zirab area on the north side of the ElburzMountains. Many landslides and rockslides blockedthe Amol-Tehran Road and caused nearly as muchdamage in some villages as had been caused by

shaking. It was felt strongly at Tehran. [ 336,191,92,302 ]

1957 12 13 Sahneh, Iran 1,130 7.1 About 900 people injured and 211 villages

























34.35N 47.67E destroyed or severely damaged in the Sahneh-Songor-Asadabad area in Kermanshahan andHamadan Provinces. Some fissures were observedin alluvium along the Sahneh Fault. [ 191,92 ]

1960 02 29 Agadir,Morocco30.45N 9.62W

12,000to15,000

5.7 Over one-third of the population of Agadir waskilled and at least another third injured by thisshort-duration earthquake, which lasted less than 15

seconds. It is the most destructive "moderate"quake (magnitude less than 6) in the 20th Century -the direct opposite of the magnitude 8.1 Mongolianearthquake of 04 Dec 1957, which killed very fewpeople. All buildings in the Founti, Kasbah andYachech sections of Agadir were destroyed or veryseverely damaged and more than 95 percent of thepeople in these areas were killed. Over 90 percentof buildings were destroyed or damaged in theTalbordjt district and more than 60 percent weredamaged in New City and Front-de-Mer districts.The exact casualty figure is unknown because onceit was clear there could be no more survivors in therubble, much of the area was bulldozed because of health and safety concerns. This moderate quakewas so destructive because it was a shallow eventright under the city. Also, few buildings had beenbuilt to seismic codes because people thought thatthe area did not have a serious earthquake risk. Ithad been forgotten that a previous town at thislocation, named Santa Cruz de Aguer, had been

destroyed by an earthquake in 1731. [ 183,A-40,3 ] 1960 05 22 Temuco-

Valdivia, Chile38.29S 73.05W

1,655 9.5 Severe damage from shaking occurred in theValdivia-Puerto Montt area. Most of the casualtiesand much of the damage was because of largetsunamis which caused damage along the coast of Chile from Lebu to Puerto Aisen and in many areasof the Pacific Ocean. Puerto Saavedra wascompletely destroyed by waves which reachedheights of 11.5 m (38 ft) and carried remains of houses inland as much as 3 km (2 mi). Waveheights of 8 m (26 ft) caused much damage at

Corral. Tsunamis caused 61 deaths and severedamage in Hawaii, mostly at Hilo, where the runupheight reached 10.6 m (35 ft). Waves as high as 5.5m (18 ft) struck northern Honshu about 1 day afterthe quake, where it destroyed more than 1600homes and left 185 people dead or missing.Another 32 people were dead or missing in thePhilippines after the tsunami hit those islands.Damage also occurred on Easter Island, in theSamoa Islands and in California. One to 1.5 m (3-5ft) of subsidence occurred along the Chilean coast

from the south end of the Arauco Peninsula toQuellon on Chiloe Island. As much as 3 m (10 ft) of uplift occurred on Isla Guafo. Many landslides











occurred in the Chilean Lake District from LagoVillarica to Lago Todos los Santos. On May 24,Volcan Puyehue erupted, sending ash and steam ashigh as 6,000 m. The eruption continued for severalweeks. This quake was preceded by 4 foreshocksbigger than magnitude 7.0, including a magnitude7.9 on May 21 that caused severe damage in the

Concepcion area. Many aftershocks occurred, with5 of magnitude 7.0 or greater through Nov 1. Thisis the largest earthquake of the 20th Century. Therupture zone is estimated to be about 1000 km long,from Lebu to Puerto Aisen. Note that the tsunamideaths from outside Chile are included in the 1,655total. This is still considerably fewer than someestimates which were as high as 5,700. However,Rothe and others state that the initial reports weregreatly overestimated. The death toll for this hugeearthquake was less than it might have been

because it occurred in the middle of the afternoon,many of the structures had been built to beearthquake-resistant and the series of strongforeshocks had made the population wary. [ 8ae,312,40,307A,327,305A,322,339,303A,92 ]

1962 09 01 Bu'in Zahra,Qazvin, Iran35.6N 49.9E

12,225 7.1 Ninety-one villages destroyed and 233 damaged -over 21,000 houses destroyed, nearly all built of poor-quality materials. Slight damage at Tehran.Felt as far away as Tabriz, Esfahan and Yazd.Based on damage to old structures, this was

probably the largest earthquake in this immediatearea since at least 1630. Surface faulting with smalloffsets occurred in a 100-km (63-mi) east-westzone of the Ipak Fault. Some landslides andsandblows occurred. Earthquake lights (a red toorange glow) from the Rudak area were observedprior to the quake by various people. [ 8ag,92,299A,191 ]

1963 07 26 Skopje, FormerYugoslav Rep.of Macedonia

(Makedonija,Yugoslavia)42.1N 21.4E

1,100 6.0 About 75 percent of the buildings in Skopjedestroyed or severely damaged and more than 4,000people injured. The heaviest damage occurred to

buildings on alluvium in the Vardar River Valley.There was little damage outside Skopje, indicatingthe quake was very shallow and located almostdirectly under the city. The Illyrian city of Scupiwas destroyed by an earthquake in 518. It wasrebuilt nearby and briefly named Justiniana Prima,later Skopje. Called Uskub while part of theOttoman Empire, it was destroyed again by anearthquake in 1555. [ 8ah,300C,3 ]

1966 03 07 East of Longyao, Hebei(Hopeh), China37.35 114.92

1,000 7.0 More than 135,000 houses collapsed and 190,000were severely damaged in Hebei Province. Theworst damage was in Julu County, where over106,000 houses collapsed and another 100,000 were



















heavily damaged. Some houses collapsed in Shanxi(Shansi) Province. It was felt throughout Hebei andShanxi Provinces and in most of Henan (Honan)and Shandong (Shantung) Provinces. Groundfissures and sandblows occurred along the banks of the Fuyang River. Except for reports that 4,166families "suffered disaster" in Longyao County and

that great numbers of medical personnel had beenrushed to Xingtai (Singtai) to care for the victims,no casualty figures were released for thisearthquake. Based on the amount of damage andtime of day it occurred, we assume that it killed atleast 1,000 people, and very likely many more thanthat. [ 310,92,8ak ]

1966 03 22 Southeast of Ningjin, Hebei(Hopeh), China37.5 115.1

1,000 6.9 More than 180,000 "rooms" collapsed and 276,000were severely damaged in Hebei Province, with themost severe damage in the Ningjin-Shinhe area. Atleast 10,000 rooms collapsed and over 22,000 wereheavily damaged in Shandong (Shantung) Province.Over 6,000 rooms and cave dwellings collapsed inShanxi (Shansi) Province and some roomscollapsed in the Anyang area of Henan (Honan)Province. Some damage occurred at Beijing(Peking) and Tianjin (Tientsin). It was felt as faraway as Hohhot and Nanjing. In the epicentral area,large fissures crisscrossed the ground and therewere many sandblows. Embankments slumped intothe Fuyang River. As with the Mar 07 quake, no no

casualty figures were released, other than to sayfewer people died than in the previous event. Weassume that at least 1,000 people were killed in thisearthquake based on the severe and extensivedamage, despite the fact that it occurred in theafternoon, when most people would have beenawake and better able to protect themselves. [ 310,92,8ak ]

1966 08 19 Varto, Turkey39.1N 41.48E

2,529 6.8 Severe damage at Varto and at least 20 villagesdestroyed in Bingol, Erzurum and Mus Provinces.About 1,500 people were injured and 108,000 were

left homeless by the quake. Landslides and surfacefaulting occurred in the area, which is near thejunction of the North Anatolian and East AnatolianFault zones. [ 306,8ak ]

1968 08 31 Dasht-e Bayaz,Iran33.9N 59.02E

7,000 to12,000

7.3 Five villages were totally destroyed in the Dasht-eBayaz area, and another 6 from Kakhk to Salayanhad at least half of the buildings destroyed. Astrong aftershock on Sep 01 destroyed the town of Ferdows (see next event). In all, more than 175villages were destroyed or damaged in this rathersparsely populated area of Khorasan Province.Most buildings in the area were built of adobe withvery thick (1-2 m, or about 3-6 ft) arched roofs. The

















walls shattered, bringing tons of material down onthe people inside. This was a major reason for theseverity of damage and casualties in thisearthquake. The death toll would likely have beenmuch higher if this quake would have struck in themiddle of the night, when many more people wouldhave been indoors. The few steel-frame or brick-

and-mortar structures in the area generally survivedwith only minor to moderate damage, making itdifficult to assign a maximum intensity to thequake. The intensity estimates range from VIII toX. Surface faulting occurred in a zone about 80 km(50 mi) long. The maximum strike-slip (horizontal)offset was about 4.5 m (15 ft) near Dasht-e Bayazwith a vertical offset of about 2 m. Extensiveground ruptures and sandblows occurred in theNimbluk Valley east of Salayan, south of the mainfault trace. [ 299B,300B,8am ]

1969 07 25 Yangjiang,Guangdong,China21.61N 111.83E

3,000 5.9 More than 10,700 houses collapsed and about36,000 were severely damaged in YangjiangCounty. Some damage also occurred in the Xinyi-Yunan area, Guangdong (Kwangtung) and in theTeng Xian-Rong Xian area, Guangxi (Kwangsi).Slight damage occurred in Hong Kong. Fissures,landslides and sandblows were observed along thecoast and along some rivers in the area. The deathtoll is estimated from unconfirmed reports.However, this seems reasonable based on the

number of houses collapsed in this generally non-seismic area and the time of day it occurred (6:49AM, local time). [ 310,311A,8an,3 ]

1970 01 04 Tonghai,YunnanProvince, China24.12N 102.49E

10,000 7.5 The earthquake was centered 75 miles southwest of Kunming, a city of almost one million population,and 60 miles northwest of Gejiu (Kokiu), which has180,000 people. Residents in Hanoi, NorthVietnam, about 300 miiles from the epicenter, fledfrom their homes in terror as the temblor rumbledthrough that city. That severe damage occurred inthe Tonghai area may be inferred from the

approximate number of casualties, which wasannounced in 1988. It caused about 50 km (about30 mi) of surface faulting on the Tonghai Fault,with maximum horizontal offset of 2.5 m (8 ft) andvertical offset of about 0.5 m (1.5 ft). [ 311A,300A,185 ]

1970 03 28 Gediz, Turkey39.06N 29.54E

1,086 6.9 More than 12,000 houses were destroyed orseverely damaged in the Gediz-Emet area of Kutahya Province. Over 50 percent of the buildingswere damaged in 53 villages in the area. A largeamount of the damage was caused by landslides andfires triggered by the earthquake. Some damageoccurred at Bursa and Yalova. It was felt at Ankara,

















Istanbul, Izmir and as far east as Erzincan. It wasalso felt on Chios (Khios) and Lesvos, Greece.Strong aftershocks caused considerable additionaldamage. A total of 61 km (38 mi) of predominantlynormal (vertical, extensional or "pull-apart")faulting was observed in several zones in the Gedizarea with a maximum offset of 275 cm (9 ft) on the

Ayikayasi Fault. A large part of the faultdisplacements may be due to creep after theearthquake, rather than from the quake itself.Numerous landslides and changes in thermalsprings occurred in the epicentral area. [ 306,335A,299C,8ao ]

1970 05 31 Chimbote, Peru9.36S 78.87W

70,000 7.9 About 50,000 people were killed - 20,000 missingand presumed dead - and 150,000 injured in Ancashand La Libertad Departments from the earthquakeand a catastrophic debris avalanche of rock, ice andmud which buried the town of Yungay, which had apopulation of about 20,000.

1971 05 22 Turkey38.83N 40.52E

1,000 6.9 The earthquake was located about 410 milessoutheast of Ankara. The city of Bingol was nearlydestroyed. A thousand or more people were killed,90 percent of Bingol's structures destroyed, and15,000 of its inhabitants were made homeless. Theearthquake occurred at the extreme eastern end of the Anatolian Fault.

1972 04 10 southern Iran28.4N 52.8E

5,054 7.1 This earthquake struck the Fars Province of southern Iran killing over 5,000 and injuring 1,700.

The shock smashed the adobe and rough rock homes of the area. In Ghir, 67 percent of thepopulation of 5,000 were killed, and 80 percent of the buildings were leveled. Many of the victimswere women and children, as the men had departedfor the fields. A total of 45 villages and hamletswere damaged, and some were leveled. Landslidesblocked roads hampering rescue work. Althoughnumerous aftershocks were reported felt, adding tothe anxiety, none exceeded magnitude 5.1.

1972 12 23 Nicaragua,Managua12.4N 86.1W

5,000 6.2 One of the worst seismic disasters of the year, andthe most lethal of record for the western hemisphereabove South America. The strong shock destroyedmost of the Nicaraguan capital of Managua.Thousands were injured. Preliminary estimatesindicate approximately $800 million propertydamages in Managua. Hundreds of aftershockswere reported, but only two exceeded magnitude 5,and these occurred within an hour of the mainshock.

1974 05 10 China

28.2N 104.0E

20,000 6.8

1974 12 28 Pakistan35.0N 72.8E

5,300 6.2 The most destructive earthquake of 1974. 5,300reported killed, 17,000 injured and a total of 97,000









people reported affected. The village of Pattan andnearby hamlets were completely destroyed. Also anundetermined amount of damage occurred in otherareas of the Indus Valley region. Felt (V) in theKabul, Afghanistan area.

1975 02 04 Haicheng,China

40.6N 122.5E

2,000 7.0 The earthquake caused many fatalities and injuries,and extensive damage in the Yingkou-Haicheng

areas. Minor damage was reported in Seoul, SouthKorea. The quake was felt in Primorskiy Kray,USSR, and on Kyushu, Japan.Chinese officials ordered the evacuation of Haicheng (population about 1 million) the daybefore the earthquake. In the preceding months,changes in land elevation and in ground waterlevels, and widespread reports of peculiar animalbehavior had been reported. The increase inforeshock activity triggered the evacuation warning.It was estimated that the number of fatalities andinjuries would have exceeded 150,000 if noearthquake prediction and evacuation had beenmade. The evacuation, along with the local style of housing construction and the time of the mainshock, 7:36 p.m., saved thousands of lives.

1975 09 06 Turkey38.5N 40.7E

2,300 6.7 This destructive earthquake struck eastern Turkey.It was centered in the Diyarbakir Province. Theshock reportedly killed more than 2,000, injured3,400, and caused extensive property damage in theLice area. The earthquake struck at lunch time

when most people were inside and the childrenwere home from school. Reports indicated thatmost schools were not seriously damaged. Thedistricts reported hardest hit were Hazro, Hani,Kulp, and Lice, which was almost completelydestroyed. Many strong aftershocks followed themain shock, causing the collapse of already partlydamaged homes, and keeping the survivingresidents quite frightened.

1976 02 04 Guatemala15.3N 89.1W

23,000 7.5 The earthquake was centered about 160 kilometersnortheast of Guatemala City. Over 23,000 deaths.

Thousands injured. Damage was extensive. Mostadobe type structures in the outlying areas of Guatemala City were completely destroyed, leavingthousands homeless. Transporation was impeded bythe many landslides occurring in the area. Food andwater supplies were severely reduced. Some of theareas were without electricity and communicationfor days. The main shock was followed bythousands of aftershocks, some of the larger onescausing additional loss of life and damage.

1976 05 06 northeasternItaly46.4N 13.3E

1,000 6.5 1,000 reported killed, at least 1,700 injured, andextensive damage in the epicentral area. The quakewas reported felt throughout Europe. A magnitude



4.6 foreshock preceded the main shock by about 1minute and 7 seconds. The main shock wasfollowed by a number of aftershocks, at least onereaching a magnitude of 5, that caused additionaldamage and injuries.

1976 06 25 Papua,Indonesia

4.6S 140.1E

422 7.1 The earthquake initially caused 350 deaths; then afew days later a number of people were reportedly

killed by landslides from the earthquake, increasingthe number of deaths. 5,000 to 9,000 peoplemissing and presumed dead from the landslides. Sixvillages reported destroyed. Felt strongly in otherparts of West Irian and eastern New Guinea.

1976 07 27 Tangshan,China39.6N 118.0E

255,000(official)

7.5 Official casualty figure is 255,000 deaths.Estimated death toll as high as 655,000. 799,000injured and extensive damage in the Tang-Shanarea. Damage extended as far as Beijing. This isprobably the greatest death toll from an earthquake

in the last four centuries, and the second greatest inrecorded history.

1976 08 16 Mindanao,Philippines6.3N 124.0E

8,000 7.9 The earthquake occurred near the west coast of Mindanao, about 950 kilometers south of Manila. Atsunami was generated in the Moro Gulf causingconsiderable damage and loss of life. It is estimatedthat the earthquake and tsunami killed 5,000 to8,0000 people, injured many, and left a numberhomeless. The main shock was followed by a majoraftershock 12 hours later, which caused additionaldamage. Many aftershocks followed in the

magnitude 6.0 and lower range.1976 11 24 Turkey-Iran

border region39.1N 44.0E

5,000 7.3 The earthquake was located along the Turkish-Iranian border region. It is estimated that at least5,000 people were killed and many injured. Caldira,Muradiye, and surrounding villages near the Iranianborder were completely destroyed. Snow and bittercold weather hampered the rescue teams fromreaching many of the mountainous villages. Somecasualties and damage were reported innorthwestern Iran. The shock was also reported feltin the area of Yerevan SSR.

1977 03 04 Romania45.8N 26.8E

1,500 7.2 The earthquake was centered about 170 kilometersnortheast of Bucharest. It killed 1,500, injuredabout 10,500, and caused extensive damage inBucharest and other parts of Romania. Bulgariareported 20 killed and 165 injured. Some injuriesand damage were reported in Yugoslavia. Moscowreported some damage in the Soviet Republic of Moldavia. This shock was felt from Rome toMoscow and from Turkey to Finland.

1978 09 16 Iran

33.2N 57.4E

15,000 7.8 The earthquake was centered about 600 kilometers

southeast of Tehran in the vicinity of Tabas. Thedeath toll was about 15,000, many were injured,and damage was extensive. Tabas had the highest



death toll - 9,000 killed out of a population of 13,000, Dehesk had 2500 killed out of 3500, andKurit had 2000 killed out of 3500; the remainder of the deaths were in surrounding areas.

1980 10 10 El Asnam,Algeria(formerly

Orleansville)36.1N 1.4E

5,000 7.7 At least 5,000 people killed, 9,000 injured andextensive damage in the El Asnam area. Feltthroughout northwestern Algeria and in

southeastern Spain. Approximately 42 kilometers of surface rupture observed.

1980 11 23 southern Italy40.9N 15.3E

2,735 6.5 According to official statistics, 2,735 people werekilled, about 9,000 were injured, about 394,000homeless and extensive damage (maximumintensity X) in Basilicata, Campania and parts of Puglia. Castelnuovo di Conza, Conza dellaCampania, Laviano, Lioni, Sant'Angelo deiLombardi and Santomenna were almost completelydestroyed. In Basilicata and Campania, more than

77,000 homes were destroyed and 755,000 weredamaged. Landslides caused many houses tocollapse and ground cracks were observed in thearea. The earthquake was felt from Sicily to the PoValley.


3,000 6.9 Three thousand people killed, many injured, andextensive damage in Kerman Province.


1,500 7.3 Fifteen hundred people killed, 1,000 injured, 50,000homeless and extensive damage in the Kermanregion.

1982 12 13 Yemen14.7N 44.4E

2,800 6.0 Unconfirmed reports of more than 2,800 peoplekilled, 1,500 injured, 700,000 homeless and about300 villages destroyed or badly damaged in Yemen.Maximum intensity VIII in the Dawran-Risabaharea. Felt throughout Yemen and in the Najran area,Saudi Arabia. Landslides occurred in the epicentralarea, as well as extensional ground cracks trendingnorth-northwest in zones up to 15 km in length.This is the first instrumentally located hypocenterin the Dhamar region.

1983 10 30 Turkey

40.3N 42.2E

1,342 6.9 At least 1,342 people killed, many injured, 534

seriously injured, more than 25,000 peoplehomeless, and 50 villages completely destroyed inthe provinces of Erzurum and Kars.

1985 09 19 Mexico,Michoacan18.2N 102.5W

9,500(official)

8.0 At least 9,500 people were killed, about 30,000were injured, more than 100,000 people were lefthomeless, and severe damage was caused in partsof Mexico City and in several states of centralMexico. According to some sources, the death tollfrom this earthquake may be as high as 35,000. It isestimated that the quake seriously affected an areaof approximately 825,000 square kilometers,caused between 3 and 4 billion U.S. dollars of damage, and was felt by almost 20 million people.Four hundred twelve buildings collapsed and



another 3,124 were seriously damaged in MexicoCity. About 60 percent of the buildings weredestroyed at Ciudad Guzman, Jalisco. Damage alsooccurred in the states of Colima, Guerrero, Mexico,Michoacan, Morelos, parts of Veracruz and in otherareas of Jalisco.

1986 10 10 El Salvador

13.8N 89.2W

1,000 5.5 At least 1,000 people killed, 10,000 injured,

200,000 homeless and severe damage andlandslides in the San Salvador area. Some damageat Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Felt strongly in parts of Guatemala and Honduras.

1987 03 06 Colombia-Ecuador0.2N 77.8W

1,000 7.0 Approximately 1,000 people killed, 4,000 missing,20,000 homeless, extensive damage, landslides andground cracks in Napo Province and in the Quito-Tulcan area, Ecuador. About 27 km of the oilpipeline in Ecuador, between Lago Agria andBalao, were destroyed or badly damaged.

Landslides occurred in the Pasto-Macao area,Colombia. Felt (IV) at Iquitos, Peru. Felt stronglyin many parts of Ecuador and southwesternColombia. Also felt in central Colombia andnorthern Peru.

1988 08 20 Nepal-Indiaborder region26.8N 86.6E

1,000 6.8 Seven hundred twenty-one people killed, 6,553injured and 64,470 buildings damaged in easternNepal, including the Kathmandu Valley. Maximumintensity VIII. Liquefaction observed in a 5,500 sq.km area of southern Nepal. At least 277 peoplekilled, thousands injured and extensive damage in

northern Bihar, India, particularly in theDarbhanga-Madhubani-Saharsa area. Damage inthe Gangtok area, Sikkim and in the Darjiling area,India. Felt in large parts of northern India fromDelhi to the Burma border and in much of Bangladesh.

1988 12 07 Spitak, Armenia41.0N 44.2E

25,000 6.8 Two events about 3 seconds apart. At least 25,000people killed, 19,000 injured and 500,000 homelessin the Leninakan-Spitak-Kirovakan area of northernArmenia, USSR. More than 20 towns and 342villages were affected and 58 of them werecompletely destroyed. Damage totaled 16.2 billionU.S. dollars. Damage (X) at Spitak and (IX) atLeninakan, Kirovakan and Stepanavan. Surfacefaulting 10 km in length and with a maximumthrow of 1.5 m occurred. Power transmission lineswere severely damaged and landslides buriedrailroad tracks in the epicentral area. Damageoccurred in the Kelbadzhar area, Azerbaijan,USSR. Felt (VII) at Tabatskuri and Borzhomi; (VI)at Bogdanovka, Tbilisi and Yerevan; (V) at Goris;

(IV) at Makhachkala and Groznyy; (III) at Shekiand Shemakha, USSR. Four people killed anddamage in the Tuzluca-Kagizman-Kars area,



Turkey. Felt in the Tabriz-Orumiyeh area, Iran.

1990 06 20 Western Iran37.0N 49.4E

40,000to50,000

7.4 Estimated 40,000 to 50,000 people killed, morethan 60,000 injured, 400,000 or more homeless andextensive damage and landslides in the Rasht-Qazvin-Zanjan area, Iran. Nearly all buildings weredestroyed in the Rudbar-Manjil area. Substantialdamage occurred as far away as Khalkhal and Now

Shahr and slight damage occurred at Tehran. Felt inmost of northwestern Iran, including Arak,Bakhtaran and Tabriz. Slight damage also occurredin southern Azerbaijan, USSR. Felt (VII) at Astraand Lenkoran; (VI) at Dzhibrail, Lerik, Mossonyand Yardyshny; (III) at Baku, USSR. Complexevent.

1990 07 16 Luzon,PhilippineIslands

15.7N 121.2E

1,621 7.7 At least 1,621 people killed, more than 3,000people injured and severe damage, landslides,liquefaction, subsidence, and sandblows in the

Baguio-Cabanatuan-Dagupan area. Damage alsooccurred in Bataan Province and at Manila. Largefissures were observed in the epicentral area.Surface faulting occurred along the Philippine andDigdig faults. Felt (VII RF) in the Manila area, (VIRF) at Santa, (V RF) at Cubi Point and (IV RF) atCallao Caves.

1991 10 19 Northern India30.8N 78.8E

2,000 7.0 Two events about 1.6 seconds apart. At least 2,000people killed, more than 1,800 injured and 18,000buildings destroyed in the Chamoli-Uttarkashi area.Some damage occurred at Chandigarh and New

Delhi. Felt in northern India, western Nepal andnortheastern Pakistan. Landslides occurred in theepicentral area. A 30-meter deep crack was noted inthe Uttarkashi area.

1992 12 12 Flores Region,Indonesia8.5S 121.9E

2,500 7.5 At least 2,200 people killed or missing in the Floresregion, including 1,490 at Maumere and 700 onBabi. More than 500 people were injured and40,000 left homeless. 19 people were killed and 130houses destroyed on Kalaotoa. Severe damage, withapproximately 90 percent of the buildings destroyedat Maumere by the earthquake and tsunami; 50 to80 percent of the structures on Flores weredamaged or destroyed. Damage also occurred onSumba and Alor. Tsunami run-up of 300 meterswith wave heights of 25 meters was reported onFlores along with landslides and ground cracks atseveral locations around the island. Felt (V) atLarantuka, Flores; (IV) at Waingapu, Sumba andUjung Pandang, Sulawesi; (II) at Kupang, Timor.

1993 09 29 Latur-Killari,India

18.1N 76.5E

9,748 6.2 This earthquake was centered about 70 kilometersnortheast of Shoapur and 230 kilometers west-

northwest of Hyderabad, in a region whereearthquakes are infrequent. At least 9,748 peoplewere killed, about 30,000 were injured and extreme



devastation in the Latur-Osmanabad area. Nearlyall buildings were destroyed in the village of Khillari. Felt in large parts of central and southernIndia, including Bangalore, Bombay, Hyderabadand Madras. This earthquake was the largest knownearthquake to occur in the area. Many aftershocks,some large enough to cause additional damage and

deaths, followed the mainshock.1995 01 16 Kobe, Japan

34.6N 135E5,502 6.9 Five thousand five hundred two people confirmed

killed, 36,896 injured and extensive damage (VIIJMA) in the Kobe area and on Awaji-shima. Over90 percent of the casualties occurred along thesouthern coast of Honshu between Kobe andNishinomiya. At least 28 people were killed by alandslide at Nishinomiya. About 310,000 peoplewere evacuated to temporary shelters. Over 200,000buildings were damaged or destroyed. Numerousfires, gas and water main breaks and power outagesoccurred in the epicentral area. Felt (VII JMA)along a coastal strip extending from Suma Ward,Kobe to Nishinomiya and in the Ichinomiya area onAwaji-shima; (V JMA) at Hikone, Kyoto andToyooka; (IV JMA) at Nara, Okayama, Osaka andWakayama; (V) at Iwakuni. Also felt (IV JMA) atTakamatsu, Shikoku. Right-lateral surface faultingwas observed for 9 kilometers with horizontaldisplacement of 1.2 to 1.5 meters in the northernpart of Awaji-shima. Liquefaction also occurred in

the epicentral area.1995 05 27 Sakhalin Island

52.6N 142.8E1,989 7.5 As many as 1,989 people killed, about 750 injured

and severe damage (IX) in the Neftegorsk area.Some damage (VII) occurred at Okha. Felt (VI) atMoskalvo; (V) at Nikolayevsk-na-Amure andNyvrovo; (IV) at Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinskiy andNysh.

1997 05 10 Northern Iran33.9N 59.7E

1,567 7.3 At least 1,567 people killed, 2,300 injured, 50,000homeless, 10,533 houses destroyed, 5,474 housesdamaged and landslides in the Birjand-Qayen area.Five people killed and some damage in the Herat

area, Afghanistan. Felt in the Kerman, Khorasan,Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan and Yazd regions of Iran. This earthquake occurred on the Abiz fault, asconfirmed by field work of Manuel Berberian. Thisfault is north of the collision zone between theArabian and Eurasian plates. The region of the Abizfault is comprised of several microplates and istectonically very active. The most notable regionalearthquake was the Dasht-e-Bayez earthquake(magnitude 7.3) of 1968, which resulted in 12,000-20,000 deaths. Both the Abiz and Dasht-e-Bayezearthquakes showed left-laterial, strike-slip faulting.

1998 02 04 Hindu Kush 2,323 5.9 At least 2,323 people killed, 818 injured, 8,094



region,Afghanistan37.1N 70.1E

houses destroyed, 6,725 livestock killed andlandslides occurred in the Rostaq area, Afghanistan.Felt at Dushanbe, Tajikistan

1998 05 30 Afghanistan-TajikistanBorder Region37.1N 70.1E

4,000 6.6 At least 4,000 people killed, many thousandsinjured and homeless in Badakhshan and TakharProvinces, Afghanistan. Felt strongly at Mazar-eSharif, Afghanistan. Also felt at Kabul,

Afghanistan; Islamabad, Peshawar and Rawalpindi,Pakistan; Dushanbe, Tajikistan.

1998 07 17 Papua NewGuinea2.96S 141.9E

2,183 7.0 2,183 people killed, thousands injured, about 9,500homeless and about 500 missing as a result of atsunami generated in the Sissano area. Maximumwave heights estimated at 10 meters. Severalvillages were completely destroyed and othersextensively damaged. Maximum recorded waveheights from selected tide stations (one-half peak-to-trough, in cm) were as follows: 20 on Miyake-

jima; 15 at Tosa-Shimuzu, Shikoku; 13 at Muroto,Shikoku; 12 at Naze, Amami O-shima; 10 onTanega-shima; 10 at Kushimoto, Honshu. Otherrecorded wave heights (peak to trough, in cm) wereas follows: 6 at Jackson Bay and 4.7 at Kaikoura,New Zealand; 5 on Yap. Felt along much of thenorthern Papua New Guinea coast.

1999 01 25 Colombia4.46N 75.82W

1,185 6.1 At least 1,185 people killed, over 700 missing andpresumed killed, over 4,750 injured and about250,000 homeless. The most affected city wasArmenia where 907 people were killed and about

60 percent of the buildings were destroyed,including the police and fire stations. About 60percent of the buildings were destroyed at Calarcaand about 50 percent of the houses were destroyedat Pereira. Landslides blocked several roadsincluding the Manizales-Bogota road. Damageoccurred in Caldas, Huila, Quindio, Risaralda,Tolima and Valle del Cauca Departments.

1999 08 17 Turkey40.7N 30.0E

17,118 7.6 At least 17,118 people killed, nearly 50,000 injured,thousands missing, about 500,000 people homelessand estimated 3 to 6.5 billion U.S. dollars damagein Istanbul, Kocaeli and Sakarya Provinces. Felt asfar east as Ankara. Felt (III) at Anapa, Russia;Chisinau, Moldova; Simferopol and on the southcoast of Crimea, Ukraine. As much as 5 meters of right-lateral strike-slip displacement occurred alonga 120-km zone of the North Anatolian Faultbetween Karamursel and Golyaka. Ruptureproceeded from west to east in two subevents.Duration of strong shaking was 37 seconds withmaximum acceleration 0.3-0.4g.

1999 09 20 Taiwan23.7N 121.0E

2,400 7.6 At least 2,400 people killed, 8,700 injured, 600,000people left homeless and about 82,000 housingunits damaged by the earthquake and larger



aftershocks. Damage estimated at 14 billion U.S.dollars. Maximum intensity (VI JMA) in Nan-touand Tai-chung Counties. Half of a village was lostby subsidence into the Ta-an Hsi and landslidesblocked the Ching-shui Hsi, creating a large lake.Two other lakes were created by substantial grounddeformation near the epicenter. Surface faulting

occurred along 75 km of the Chelungpu Fault. Felt(V JMA) at Chia-i and I-lan; (IV JMA) at Kao-hsiung, Taipei and Tai-tung; (IV JMA) on Lan Yuand Peng-hu Tao; (III JMA) at Hua-lien. Feltstrongly in Fujian, Guangdong and ZhejiangProvinces. Felt (IV) in Hong Kong. Also felt (IIJMA) on Iriomote-jima and Yonaguni-jima; (IJMA) on Ishigaki-jima and Miyako-jima, RyukyuIslands. Complex earthquake. A small event isfollowed by a larger one about 11 seconds later.

2001 01 26 Gujarat, India23.3N 70.3E

20,085 7.6 At least 20,085 people killed, 166,836 injured,approximately 339,000 buildings destroyed and783,000 damaged in the Bhuj-Ahmadabad-Rajkotarea and other parts of Gujarat. Many bridges androads damaged in Gujarat. At least 18 people killedand some injured in southern Pakistan. Feltthroughout northern India and much of Pakistan.Also felt in Bangladesh and western Nepal. Theearthquake occurred along an approximately east-west trending thrust fault at shallow depth. Thestress that caused this earthquake is due to the

Indian plate pushing northward into the Eurasianplate. Complex earthquake. A small event isfollowed by a larger one about 2 seconds later.

2002 03 25 Hindu KushRegion,Afghanistan35.9N 69.2E

1,000 6.1 At least 1,000 people killed, several hundredinjured and several thousand homeless in BaghlanProvince. At least 1,500 houses destroyed ordamaged at Nahrin and several hundred more inother areas of Baghlan Province. Landslidesblocked many roads in the epicentral area. Feltstrongly in much of northern Afghanistan. Also feltin the Islamabad-Peshawar area, Pakistan and at

Dushanbe, Tajikistan.2003 05 21 Northern

Algeria36.90N 3.71E

2,266 6.8 At least 2,266 people killed, 10,261 injured, about180,000 homeless and more than 43,500 buildingsdamaged or destroyed (X) in the Algiers-Boumerdes-Dellys-Thenia area. Underwatertelecommunication cables were cut and landslides,sandblows, liquefaction and ground cracks wereobserved. Maximum ground acceleration of 0.58gwas recorded at Keddara. Damage estimated atbetween 600 million and 5 billion U.S. dollars. Feltfrom Mostaganem to Guelma and as far south asBiskra. Felt (III) on Mallorca and (II) on Ibiza andMenorca, Spain. Also felt (II) at Albacete,



Alcantarilla, Alicante, Barcelona, Cartagena,Castellon de la Plana, Elda, Molina de Segura,Murcia, Sagunto and Villafranca del Panades,Spain. Felt in Monaco and southern France and onSardinia, Italy. About 40 to 80 cm of uplift of thesea floor was measured along the coast of Algeriabetween Reghaia and Zemmouri el Bahri. A

tsunami with a maximum estimated wave height of 2 m caused damage to boats in the Balearic Islands,Spain, especially in Puerto de Mahon, where 10boats sank. It was recorded on tide gauges with thefollowing maximum wave heights (peak-to-trough):1.2 m at Palma de Mallorca, Spain; 10 cm at Nice,France; 8 cm at Genoa, Italy. The tsunami was alsoobserved on the coast of Alicante, Castellon andMurcia, Spain.

2003 12 26 SoutheasternIran28.99N 58.31E

31,000 6.6 About 31,000 people killed, 30,000 injured, 75,600homeless and 85 percent of buildings damaged ordestroyed in the Bam area. Maximum intensities IXat Bam and VIII at Baravat. Felt (V) at Kerman.Damage estimated at 32.7 million U.S. dollars.Surface ruptures associated with the Bam Faultwere observed between Bam and Baravat.Maximum acceleration of 0.98g recorded at Bam.Landslides occurred in the epicentral area. Believedto be the largest earthquake in this area in morethan 2000 years

2004 12 26 Sumatra

3.30N 95.87E

227,898 9.1 This is the third largest earthquake in the world

since 1900 and is the largest since the 1964 PrinceWilliam Sound, Alaska earthquake. In total,227,898 people were killed or were missing andpresumed dead and about 1.7 million people weredisplaced by the earthquake and subsequenttsunami in 14 countries in South Asia and EastAfrica. (In January 2005, the death toll was286,000. In April 2005, Indonesia reduced itsestimate for the number missing by over 50,000.)The earthquake was felt (IX) at Banda Aceh, (VIII)at Meulaboh and (IV) at Medan, Sumatra and (III-

V) in parts of Bangladesh, India, Malaysia,Maldives, Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Lanka andThailand. The tsunami caused more casualties thanany other in recorded history and was recordednearly world-wide on tide gauges in the Indian,Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Seiches were observedin India and the United States. Subsidence andlandslides were observed in Sumatra. A mudvolcano near Baratang, Andaman Islands becameactive on December 28 and gas emissions werereported in Arakan, Myanmar.

2005 03 28 NorthernSumatra,

1,313 8.6 At least 1,000 people killed, 300 injured and 300buildings destroyed on Nias; 100 people killed,



Indonesia2.07N 97.01E

many injured and several buildings damaged onSimeulue; 200 people killed in Kepulauan Banyak;3 people killed, 40 injured and some damage in theMeulaboh area, Sumatra. A 3 meter tsunamidamaged the port and airport on Simeulue. Tsunamirunup heights as high as 2 meters were observed onthe west coast of Nias and 1 meter at Singkil and

Meulaboh, Sumatra. At least 10 people were killedduring evacuation of the coast of Sri Lanka.

2005 10 08 Pakistan34.53N 73.58E

86,000 7.6 At least 86,000 people killed, more than 69,000injured and extensive damage in northern Pakistan.The heaviest damage occurred in the Muzaffarabadarea, Kashmir where entire villages were destroyedand at Uri where 80 percent of the town wasdestroyed. At least 32,335 buildings collapsed inAnantnag, Baramula, Jammu and Srinagar,Kashmir. Buildings collapsed in Abbottabad,Gujranwala, Gujrat, Islamabad, Lahore andRawalpindi, Pakistan. Maximum intensity VIII. Felt(VII) at Topi; (VI) at Islamabad, Peshawar andRawalpindi; (V) at Faisalabad and Lahore. Felt atChakwal, Jhang, Sargodha and as far as Quetta. Atleast 1,350 people killed and 6,266 injured in India.Felt (V) at Chandigarh and New Delhi; (IV) atDelhi and Gurgaon, India. Felt in Gujarat, Haryana,Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab,Rajasthan, Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh, India. Atleast one person killed and some buildings

collapsed in Afghanistan. Felt (IV) at Kabul and(III) at Bagrami, Afghanistan. Felt (III) at Kashi,China and (II) at Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Also felt atAlmaty, Kazakhstan. An estimated 4 million peoplein the area were left homeless. Landslides androckfalls damaged or destroyed several mountainroads and highways cutting off access to the regionfor several days. Landslides also occurred farthernorth near the towns of Gilgit and Skardu, Kashmir.Liquefaction and sandblows occurred in the westernpart of the Vale of Kashmir and near Jammu.

Landslides and rockfalls also occurred in parts of Himachal Pradesh, India. Seiches were observed inHaryana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, India andin many places in Bangladesh.

2006 05 26 Indonesia-7.961 110.446

5,749 6.3 At least 5,749 people were killed, 38,568 wereinjured and as many as 600,000 people weredisplaced in the Bantul-Yogyakarta area. More than127,000 houses were destroyed and an additional451,000 were damaged in the area, with the totalloss estimated at approximately 3.1 billion U.S.dollars. Felt (IX) at Bantul and Klaten, (VIII) at

Sleman and Yogyakarta, (V) at Surakarta, (IV) atSalatiga and Blitar and (II) at Surabaya. Felt inmuch of Java. Also felt at Denpasar, Bali.



2008 05 12 EasternSichuan, China31.002 103.322

87,587 7.9 At least 69,195 people killed, 374,177 injured and18,392 missing and presumed dead in the Chengdu-Lixian-Guangyuan area. More than 45.5 millionpeople in 10 provinces and regions were affected.At least 15 million people were evacuated fromtheir homes and more than 5 million were lefthomeless. An estimated 5.36 million buildings

collapsed and more than 21 million buildings weredamaged in Sichuan and in parts of Chongqing,Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi and Yunnan. The totaleconomic loss was estimated at 86 billion USdollars. Beichuan, Dujiangyan, Wuolong andYingxiu were almost completely destroyed.Landslides and rockfalls damaged or destroyedseveral mountain roads and railways and buriedbuildings in the Beichuan-Wenchuan area, cuttingoff access to the region for several days. At least700 people were buried by a landslide at

Qingchuan. Landslides also dammed several rivers,creating 34 barrier lakes which threatened about700,000 people downstream. A train was buried bya landslide near Longnan, Gansu. At least 2,473dams sustained some damage and more than 53,000km of roads and 48,000 km of tap water pipelineswere damaged. About 1.5 km of surface faultingwas observed near Qingchuan, surface cracks andfractures occurred on three mountains in the area,and subsidence and street cracks were observed inthe city itself. Maximum intensity XI was assignedin the Wenchuan area. Felt (VIII) at Deyang andMianyang; (VII) at Chengdu; (VI) at Luzhou andXi'an; (V) at Chongqing, Guozhen, Lanzhou,Leshan, Wu'an, Xichang and Ya'an. Felt in much of central, eastern and southern China, includingBeijing, Guangzhou, Hefei, Nanjing, Shanghai,Tianjin, Wuhan and in Hong Kong. Also felt inparts of Bangladesh, Taiwan, Thailand andVietnam. Seiches were observed at Kotalipara,Bangladesh.

2009 09 30 SouthernSumatra,Indonesia-0.720 99.867

1,117 7.5 At least 1,117 people killed, 1,214 injured, 181,665buildings destroyed or damaged and about 451,000people displaced in the Padang- Pariaman area.Landslides disrupted power and communications inthe area. Felt (VII) at Padang; (VI) at Bukittinggi;(IV) at Bengkulu, Duri, Mukomuko and Sibolga;(III) at Pekanbaru. Also felt (IV) at Gunungsitoli,Nias and (II) at Jakarta, Java. Felt throughoutSumatra and in much of Java. Felt (III) inSingapore and at George Town, Johor Bahru, KualaLumpur, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam and Sungai

Chua, Malaysia. Felt in much of PeninsularMalaysia and as far away as Chiang Mai, Thailand.A 27-cm (center-to-peak) local tsunami was



recorded at Padang, Sumatra.

2010 01 12 Haiti region18.445 -72.571

222,570 7.0 According to official estimates, 222,570 peoplekilled, 300,000 injured, 1.3 million displaced,97,294 houses destroyed and 188,383 damaged inthe Port-au-Prince area and in much of southernHaiti. This includes at least 4 people killed by alocal tsunami in the Petit Paradis area near

Leogane. Tsunami waves were also reported atJacmel, Les Cayes, Petit Goave, Leogane, Luly andAnse a Galets. The tsunami had recorded waveheights (peak-to-trough) of 12 cm at SantoDomingo, Dominican Republic and 2 cm atChristiansted, US Virgin Islands. Uplift wasobserved along the coast from Leogane to L'Aculand subsidence was observed along the coast fromGrand Trou to Port Royal. Felt (VII) at Port-au-Prince and Petionville and (V) at Vieux Bourgd'Aquin and Port-de-Paix. Felt (V) at La Vega,Moca and San Cristobal; (IV) at Puerto Plata,Santiago, Santo Domingo and Sosua, DominicanRepublic. Felt throughout Haiti and the DominicanRepublic. Felt (III) at Oranjestad, Aruba; (IV) atSantiago de Cuba and (III) at Guantanamo, Cuba;(II) in the Kingston-Mona area, Jamaica; (III) atCockburn Harbour and (II) at Cockburn Town,Turks and Caicos Islands; (II) at Caracas,Venezuela. Felt in parts of The Bahamas, PuertoRico and the US Virgin Islands and as far as

southern Florida, northern Colombia andnorthwestern Venezuela.

Data compiled from several sources.Names in paraenthesis () indicate what the town / region was called at the time of the earthquake.

earthquakes with 1000 deaths or more since 1900

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