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Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter 11 Lesson 2 March 28 th and 29 th, 2011

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travel fastest move through solids, liquids, gases move at different speeds depending on density of material

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Slower than primary waves Travel through solids Not liquids or gases S-shaped movement Travel at right angels to the direction of the wave

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Originate on Earths surface at the epicenter Move along Earths surface Causes the most damage because they bend and twist the Earths surface Originate on Earths surface at the epicenter Move along Earths surface Causes the most damage because they bend and twist the Earths surface

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Instrument that detects and measures seismic waves Prints out seismic wave data Instrument that detects and measures seismic waves Prints out seismic wave data The print out Record of waves Higher the lines = Stronger Earthquake The print out Record of waves Higher the lines = Stronger Earthquake

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Determines the earthquakes strength Above 6 is very destructive Highest so far has been 9.5 Each number increases by 10 fold, 1, 10, 100,1000, 10000 Determines the earthquakes strength Above 6 is very destructive Highest so far has been 9.5 Each number increases by 10 fold, 1, 10, 100,1000, 10000

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The Richter scale rates earthquakes based on the size of their seismic waves as measured by seismographs. This moment magnitude scale: seismologist measure the surface area of the ruptured fault and how far the land moved along the fault..

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DateLocationRichterMoment magnitude sacle 1811New Madrid8.78.1 1906San Francisco8.37.7 1960Arauco8.39.5 1964Anchorage8.49.2 1971San Fernando6.46.7 1985Mexico City8.1 1989San Francisco7.17.2 1994Northridge6.46.7 1995Kobe6.86.9