F H i i A iFocus Humanitarian Assistance

E th k Ri k M t i P ki tEarthquake Risk Management in Pakistan

August 20, 2008

By :Nusrat Nasab

Deputy Executive Officer p y

Background to Disaster Risk Management in Pakistan

Crisis Management CellCrisis Management Cell

Emergency Relief Cell at federal level and Relief Departments at provincial level p

Pakistan Flood Commission (dedicated body dealing with research and development in river flood hazard) there is no institution in Pakistan dedicated to such activity for earthquake hazarddedicated to such activity for earthquake hazard.

Pakistan Army (which conducts rescue and evacuation, provides sort-term shelters, medical and food services). , )

Civil Defense Department

In 2006 Pakistan constituted National Disaster Management Commission (that encompasses Disaster Management authorities from federal, through provincial to district level)

Establishment of NDMAOn December 23, 2006, President of Pakistan promulgated the National Disaster Management Ordinance:

• National Disaster Management Commission set up• National Disaster Management Commission set up

• National Disaster Management Authority setupNational Disaster Management Authority setup

• Similar disaster management authorities will be established at provincial, district and municipallevels.

Role of NDMA

NDMA would provide technical guidance to national and provincial stakeholders about formulation of

plans, strategies and programmes for disaster risk management.disaster risk management.

PRESENT DISASTER MANAGEMENTSETUPSETUP

Disaster Management Frameworkg

The Framework envisions “achieving sustainable social economic andsustainable social, economic and environmental development in Pakistan through reducing risks andthrough reducing risks and vulnerabilities, particularly those of h d l d dthe poor and marginalized groups, and

by effectively responding to and recovering from disaster impact”.

NDMA Framework 2005-2010

Priorities for Action• Institutional and legal arrangements for DRR• Institutional and legal arrangements for DRR • Hazard and Vulnerability Assessment • Training, education and awareness

i l i• Disaster management planning • Community and local level planning • Multi-hazard early warning system y g y• Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into

development • Emergency response system and• Emergency response system and • Capacity development for post disaster recovery

Disaster Risk Management efforts in PakistanPakistan

UN A i• UN Agencies• NDMA• DDMADDMA• ERRA• PHF• INGOs• NGOs

Disaster Preparedness at Community level

FOCUS’s experience

Risk Anticipation

Hazard Indication Maps

Hazard and Risk Maps

Sharing of the finding with relevant stakeholders

Mitigating Risks

Disaster PreparednessDisaster Preparedness

Response Capacity (Specialized and equipped SART / DART)(Specialized and equipped SART / DART)

Regional Stockpiles Specialized SAR SkillsSpecialized SAR Skills

Avalanche S & RWaterman ship River Crossing

School Based Disaster Risk Management

Awareness raising Risk MappingEvacuation PlanEvacuation PlanSessions for teachersSimulator

Issues & ChallengesIssues & ChallengesPakistan’s concept of preparedness for natural disasters remained restricted to relief. Institutions such as Emergency Relief Cell

No institution for mitigation, preparedness, response (other than relief - including search, rescue, evacuation, emergency medical and food services) and rehabilitationemergency medical and food services) and rehabilitation.

No institution dedicated for earthquake hazard (on the lines of Pakistan Commission leading to lack of reliable seismicity, ground motion and neo-tectonic data, hence hindering development of appropriate earthquake-resilient building codes and their implementation.

Other IssuesO e ssues

The response mechanism for mountainous regions has its own limitations such as issues of accessibility, remoteness etc.y,

Availability of emergency stockpile of basic items f i l d h h lt hfor survival and response such as shelter, search and rescue equipment, first aid, etc is must for mountainous regions.

Institutionalize local coping mechanisms for effective response in disastereffective response in disaster.

Impacts of Kashmir Earthquake

Kashmir Earthquake 2005

Number of Food insecure: 2.3 millionSchool Children affected: 955,000Women affected (aged 15-49): 800,000Population Affected: Over 3.5 million*

On 8th October 2005, a severe earthquake jolted South Asia killing more than 73,000 people and displaced over 2.5 million persons in Pakistan

Destruction of houses----

Destruction of Public Places…….

Destruction of road links……….

Aerial view of earthquake affected area in Muzaffarabad, AJK

Aerial view of earthquake affected area

Margala Towers Islamabad

DAMAGES DUE TO EARTHQUAKE

•MOST OF THE UTILITIES LIKE TELECOMM, WATER SUPPLY & ELECTRICITY WERE OUT OF ORDER• 200 MILLION TONS DEBRIS

Response and Relief

Pakistan Army (Initial need assessments)

Pakistan Army at Margala tower

Search and Rescue team of FOCUSSearch and Rescue team of FOCUS

International community….

FOCUS Pakistan

FOCUS Relief being transported on helicopters

Lucky survival---an old lady recovered by FOCUS team after 5 days

AKU Medical team in actionAKU-Medical team in action

O t t tOpen area treatment

RESCUE, RELIEF & RECOVERYCLUSTER APPROACH

RELIEF PROVIDED

Pakistan: Still at Risk

9% of the area at risk

40.1% of the population at risk

41.6% of GDP in areas at risk

*Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis (The World Bank); WDI 2004

Past Earthquake Events

Year Deaths Affected

1975 4 000 2 million1975 4,000 2 million

1974 5,200 2 million

1935 50,000 4 million

EQ Preventive Measures (Long term)Q ( g )

Legislations to frame building codes, guidelines, manuals and strict implementationstrict implementation.

Legislations for protecting the most vulnerable i.e. ultra poor, g p g ppeople with special needs, children, women and senior citizens.

Incorporating earthquake resistant features in all buildings atIncorporating earthquake resistant features in all buildings at high-risk areas.

Making all public utilities (water supply systems, communication networks, electricity lines etc) earthquake-proof. p

---cont---Constructing earthquake-resistant community buildings (used to gather large groups during or after an earthquake) schools, hospitals prayer halls etchospitals, prayer halls, etc.

Initiating disaster mitigation, preparedness and prevention and t di t t t it l lpost-disaster management program at community level.

Evolving educational curricula in architecture and engineering i i i d h i l i i i l h i d h linstitutions and technical training in polytechnics and schools to include disaster related topics

Preventive measures (Medium term)( )

Retrofitting of weak structures (particularly schools or other public buildings) in highly seismic zones.

Preparation of disaster related literature in local languages with dos and don'ts

Getting communities involved in the process of disaster mitigation through education and awareness.

Networking of local NGOs working in the area of disaster managementmanagement.

Surviving an earthquake

A little knowledge and a few precautionary measures can enormously increase your chances of surviving an earthquake - or any other type of hazard.

The keys are education and preparing in advance.

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