Earth Science Study Guide

How would a glacier affect the landscape of a state?

The peak of hills were scraped off; many deep

valleys were filled in; soil was transported miles from where it started.

What would cause mountains to appear older

and worn?

Wind and water erosion, wearing away the

mountain

An earthquake is caused by an abrupt shift in the earth

along a fracture or ___________________.

fault

How do people control floods?

Build levees and dams along and across a river or

body of water

If a crack in a rock is filled with rain and then the rain freezes, what would be the

result?

Weathering caused by freezing

of water

Sand dunes are the result of ________________.

deposition

What is a glacier?

Mass of snow and ice in motion

What happened to rock material that was once at

the top of a mountain?

The rock material was eroded

by wind, water, or ice

What can be caused by ocean waves?

Sea caves, sea arch, sea stack

The Hawaiian Islands were formed as a result of __________________.

Volcanic activity

The Grand Canyon was formed

as the result of _______________________

Erosion by water

The islands of Japan were formed by _______________.

Volcanic activity

What can be created when the magma pushed up the

crust of the earth?

A volcano or dome mountain

How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?

Volcanic activity

How are mountains formed?

Tectonic plates pushing the crust of earth up

Sinkholes

LandslidesBoth

How do glaciers move materials?

Glaciers push rock and soil in front of them

How do glaciers deposit sediment?

Glaciers release sediment when they melt.

Erosion and weathering are examples of

__________________.

Destructive forces

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

Converging, diverging, and sliding

What type scientist studies seismic waves?

seismologist

Explain how a volcano is formed.

Deep below Earth’s crust rock melts to form magma. A build-up

of pressure in the magma chamber causes the magma to rise into the conduit. Magma

pushes upward and finally burst through the vent. Lava flows down the side of the volcano where it cools and hardens to

form igneous rock.

Where could you mostly observe a volcano or an

earthquake?

Near plate boundaries

Water, ice, and wind are the three forces that cause

____________.

erosion

Levees are used to _____________.

Control floods

Draw and label each of the three types of mountains.

Explain how each mountain is formed.

Why do scientists study earthquakes?

Measure their magnitude, damage, and likelihood of

happening again.

____________ is any process that changes a rock’s chemical composition.

Chemical weathering

_________ is the disintegration of rocks without changing

them chemically.

Mechanical or physical weathering

Scientists who study earthquakes are called

___________.

seismologist

What is erosion?

The carrying away of sediments by wind, moving

water, or moving ice

A river valley is an example of _____________.

Weathering and erosion

The delta is a result of _____________.

deposition