earth science notes
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Earth Science Notes. Landforms. Landforms. Why do different landforms exist? Earth Processes Weathering Erosion Forces within the Earth (plate movement) Climate Other?. Landforms. Plains – large flat areas usually have thick abundant soil ideal for farming. Landforms. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Earth Science NotesLandforms
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LandformsWhy do different landforms exist?
Earth Processes• Weathering• Erosion• Forces within the Earth (plate movement)• Climate • Other?
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Landforms
• Plains – large flat areas usually have thick abundant soil ideal for farming
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Landforms
• Interior plains – found in the middle of a continent – Ex: Iowa, Nebraska,
the Dakotas– Have a higher
elevation than coastal plains
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Landforms
• Coastal plains – found on the edge of the continent– Ex: Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas – Formed as a result of collecting sediment on
the seafloor and dropping water levels.
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Landforms
• Plateaus – flat raised areas of land made up of nearly horizontals rocks that have been lifted up by forces with in the earth. – Ex: Colorado plateau
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Landforms
Four Mountain Types• Folded • Upwarped• Fault Block• Volcanic
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Mountains • Folded Mountains – comprised of folded
rock layers like a rug that has been pushed up against a wall.– Forces occur on rock in a horizontal direction– Ex: Appalachian mountains
• Believed to be at one time higher than the Rocky Mountains but years of weathering and erosion have worn the mountains down.
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Folded Mountains
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Mountains• Upwarped Mountains – formed when the
forces within the earth push up blocks of the earth’s crust. Soil is worn away and the hard rock underneath is exposed.– Ex: Adirondack mountains (New York), Black
Hills (South Dakota)
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Unwarped Mountains
Forces with in the Earth
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Mountains• Fault-Block Mountains – made of huge,
tilted blocks of rock that are separated from the surrounding rock by faults. Some rocks move up some move down.– Faults are fractures in rocks – Ex: Grand Tetons (Wyoming)
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Fault-Block Mountains
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Mountains• Volcanic Mountains – form from molten
rock that reaches the surface of the earth’s crust through a crack or fissure. The molten rock accumulates on top of itself forming a cone shaped structure. – Ex: Mount ST. Helens (Washington)
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Volcanic Mountains
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Landforms How can topography aid us in describing landforms?
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Topography
Topographical Maps – show change in elevation
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TopographyFeatures on a Topographical Map
• Contour lines – connect equal points of elevation
• Contour intervals – distance between contour lines
• Index contours – contour line with elevation
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TopographyReading a contour Map• Close contour lines = steep change in
elevation• Distant contour lines = gradual change in
elevation
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Contour Lines
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Contour Lines
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Contour Lines
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Contour Lines
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Contour Lines
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Contour Lines
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LandformsSummary• Why do different landforms exist?• Three types of landforms
– Plains – coastal / interior– Plateaus– Mountains – folded / upwarped / fault-block /
volcanic• Topographical maps describe landforms