Earth Science Introduction Lab

Topics:

• SI units (metric system)

• Latitude and Longitude

• Earth Systems

• Scientific Method

Earth Science Introduction Lab

Topics:

• SI units (metric system)

• Latitude and Longitude

• Earth Systems

• Scientific Method

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January 20, 2010- WednesdayJanuary 20, 2010- Wednesday

•AttendanceAttendance•SyllabusSyllabus•Introduction lab-1Introduction lab-1

Objectives and Goals

• Students will learn common SI units found in length, mass and volume.

• Students will use basic latitude and longitude principles to locate places on earth.

• Students will gain an understanding of the earth’s primary open systems and their interactions.

• Students will apply the scientific method and understand how it relates to science.

Objectives and Goals

• Students will learn common SI units found in length, mass and volume.

• Students will use basic latitude and longitude principles to locate places on earth.

• Students will gain an understanding of the earth’s primary open systems and their interactions.

• Students will apply the scientific method and understand how it relates to science.

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The Metric System (SI units)The Metric System (SI units)

International System of units (SI units)

• Legal system of measuring in France (1800’s)

• SI units take the place of feet, inches, ect..

• Most countries use SI units except …………

• International communication using SI units

International System of units (SI units)

• Legal system of measuring in France (1800’s)

• SI units take the place of feet, inches, ect..

• Most countries use SI units except …………

• International communication using SI units

Divided into Length, Volume, and Mass

SI unit (metric) is based on the number 10

Divided into Length, Volume, and Mass

SI unit (metric) is based on the number 10

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Students must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric systemStudents must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric system

A meter stick equals about3.28 feet or 39 inchesA meter stick equals about3.28 feet or 39 inches

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Students must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric systemStudents must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric system

“typical” sugar cubes equal about 1 mL“typical” sugar cubes equal about 1 mL

1 liter of soda (1000 mL)1 liter of soda (1000 mL)

US penny weighs about 2.5 gramsUS penny weighs about 2.5 grams

Paper-clip weighs abouta gramPaper-clip weighs abouta gram

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Conversions between SI units (length, mass, volume)BASED ON THE NUMBER 10

Conversions between SI units (length, mass, volume)BASED ON THE NUMBER 10

LengthLengthsmallestsmallest

largestlargest

VolumeVolume MassMass

10 mm = 1 cm100 cm = 1m1000 m = 1 km

10 mm = 1 cm100 cm = 1m1000 m = 1 km

1 cm3 = 1 mL1000 mL = 1L1 cm3 = 1 mL1000 mL = 1L

1000 mg = 1 g1000 g = 1 kg1000 mg = 1 g1000 g = 1 kg

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Conversions between unitsConversions between units

1. Know which units are larger and smaller

2. Know how many zeros in the conversion

1. Know which units are larger and smaller

2. Know how many zeros in the conversion

Converting from a larger to a smaller unit, move thedecimal to the RIGHTConverting from a larger to a smaller unit, move thedecimal to the RIGHT

LargerLarger SmallerSmaller RightRight

Converting from a smaller to a larger unit, move thedecimal to the LEFTConverting from a smaller to a larger unit, move thedecimal to the LEFT

SmallerSmaller LargerLarger LeftLeft

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LL SS RIGHTRIGHTSS LL LEFTLEFT

Examples:Examples:

6.25 m = ________ cm6.25 m = ________ cm

12g = ________ mg12g = ________ mg

.526 L = ________ ml.526 L = ________ ml

100 cm = 1m2-zerosmove decimal to right

100 cm = 1m2-zerosmove decimal to right

625625

1200012000

526526

4526 mg = ______ g4526 mg = ______ g

5745.6 m = ______ km5745.6 m = ______ km

10,562 mL = ______ L10,562 mL = ______ L

1000 mg = 1 g3- zerosmove decimal to left

1000 mg = 1 g3- zerosmove decimal to left4.5264.526

5.74565.7456

10.56210.562

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Conversion from English to MetricConversion from English to Metric

524 m = _______ feet524 m = _______ feet

524 m 524 m

mm

ftft

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3.283.28

11== ftft1718.71718.7

1718.71718.7

1718.7 ft1718.7 ft ==3.283.28 ftft

1 m1 m524 m524 m

Important!!! – To change the unit, ALWAYShave the same unit in the denominator sothere is cancellation to the desired unit.

Important!!! – To change the unit, ALWAYShave the same unit in the denominator sothere is cancellation to the desired unit. 9

Try These conversionsTry These conversions

6.32 mm= _______ cm6.32 mm= _______ cm

5.23 km = _______ m5.23 km = _______ m

23.56 mg = ______ g23.56 mg = ______ g

2.147 kg = _______ g2.147 kg = _______ g

28.36 L = _______ mL28.36 L = _______ mL

49.4 mL = _______cm349.4 mL = _______cm3

234 m ______ mi234 m ______ mi

36.1 cm _____ in36.1 cm _____ in

559 kg = _____ lb559 kg = _____ lb

634 g = ______oz634 g = ______oz

25.2 gal ______ L25.2 gal ______ L

78.25 mL = _____gal78.25 mL = _____gal

.632.632

52305230

.02356.02356

21472147

2836028360

49.449.4

.145.145

14.2114.21

1232.31232.3

22.422.4

95.295.2

.020.020

Complete Part A of labComplete Part A of lab10

Part B – Latitude and Longitude• Where are you on earth??????????????Part B – Latitude and Longitude• Where are you on earth??????????????

Latitude/longitude• a grid system used to locate features on the earth’s surface

Latitude/longitude• a grid system used to locate features on the earth’s surface

Latitude: • parallels that move north

and south

Latitude: • parallels that move north

and south• 0o latitude = equator• 0o latitude = equator

Longitude:• meridian lines that move east and west

Longitude:• meridian lines that move east and west • 0o longitude is through Greenwich, England• 0o longitude is through Greenwich, England 11

Los Angeles, Ca 350 N-lat, 1210 W-longLos Angeles, Ca 350 N-lat, 1210 W-longSpokane, Wa 470 N-lat, 1180 W-longSpokane, Wa 470 N-lat, 1180 W-longNew York, NY 420 N-lat, 750 W-longNew York, NY 420 N-lat, 750 W-long 12

A

B

C

DE

15 N-lat, 142 W-long15 N-lat, 142 W-long

52 N-lat, 78 E-long52 N-lat, 78 E-long

18 S-lat, 162 W-long18 S-lat, 162 W-long55 S-lat, 15 W-long55 S-lat, 15 W-long

25 S-lat, 136 E-long25 S-lat, 136 E-long

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Earth as a system:• How systems exchange matter and energy

Earth as a system:• How systems exchange matter and energy

SUN

IsolatedSystemIsolatedSystem

No exchange ofmatter or energyNo exchange ofmatter or energy

SUN

ClosedSystemClosedSystem

Exchange of energybut, no matterExchange of energybut, no matter

SUN

OpenSystemOpen

System

Exchange of bothmatter and energyExchange of bothmatter and energy

Which system is the Earth?Which system is the Earth?

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The fragile Earth as a closed system is supported by fourinterrelated open systemsThe fragile Earth as a closed system is supported by fourinterrelated open systems

LithosphereRepresents the solid earthRepresents the solid earthminerals, rocks, and minerals, rocks, and interiorinterior

LithosphereRepresents the solid earthRepresents the solid earthminerals, rocks, and minerals, rocks, and interiorinterior

Atmosphere:Thin blanket of gas keepingThin blanket of gas keepinglife alive, warm, and protectedlife alive, warm, and protected

Atmosphere:Thin blanket of gas keepingThin blanket of gas keepinglife alive, warm, and protectedlife alive, warm, and protected

Hydrosphere:Interaction of all water processes,Interaction of all water processes,only planet with wateronly planet with water71% ocean, 12,500 feet deep71% ocean, 12,500 feet deepstreams, lakes, groundwaterstreams, lakes, groundwater

Hydrosphere:Interaction of all water processes,Interaction of all water processes,only planet with wateronly planet with water71% ocean, 12,500 feet deep71% ocean, 12,500 feet deepstreams, lakes, groundwaterstreams, lakes, groundwater

Biosphere:Includes all living Includes all living organisms on land, organisms on land, in water, and in airin water, and in air

Biosphere:Includes all living Includes all living organisms on land, organisms on land, in water, and in airin water, and in air

GeosphereInteraction of Interaction of all open systemsall open systems

GeosphereInteraction of Interaction of all open systemsall open systems15

Scientific InquiryScientific Inquiry – How do we know earth – How do we know earth processes are accurate?processes are accurate?

The Scientific MethodThe Scientific MethodA set of A set of logicallogical steps scientist use to steps scientist use to “get to the“get to thetruth”truth” of processes acting in the universe of processes acting in the universe

Making Making ObservationsObservations Collecting facts, asking why questions, Collecting facts, asking why questions,

Making a Making a Hypothesis Hypothesis (predictions on why)(predictions on why)explaining how and why it works (after fact finding)explaining how and why it works (after fact finding)““educated guessing”educated guessing”

Testing the hypothesis Testing the hypothesis (experimenting)(experimenting)performing experimentations that test the accuracyperforming experimentations that test the accuracy

the hypothesisthe hypothesisScientific TheoryScientific Theory

well tested hypothesis – widely accepted view thatwell tested hypothesis – widely accepted view thatexplains the observable factsexplains the observable facts 16

Part D – Scientific MethodPart D – Scientific Method

The Game of NIM’s

Objective:Use the scientific method to find strategies that allow

you to win EVERYTIME!!!

The Game of NIM’s

Objective:Use the scientific method to find strategies that allow

you to win EVERYTIME!!!

1. On each turn, you can take as many chips out of any ONE row you desire.

2. You CANNOT take chips out of columns.

3. The person taking the last chip loses.

1. On each turn, you can take as many chips out of any ONE row you desire.

2. You CANNOT take chips out of columns.

3. The person taking the last chip loses.

RowsRowsColumnsColumns

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Part-DUse the last page (scientific method)

Record your

• observations (the way the game is played

• hypothesis (predictions to win)

• test your hypothesis (experiment)

• What strategies are working

• Do you win every-time (theory)

Part-DUse the last page (scientific method)

Record your

• observations (the way the game is played

• hypothesis (predictions to win)

• test your hypothesis (experiment)

• What strategies are working

• Do you win every-time (theory)

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