earth ’ s atmosphere chapter 22 mr. sierra. protects earth from the sun’s harmful uv rays:...
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Earth’s Atmosphere
Chapter 22
Mr. Sierra
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Protects Earth from the sun’s harmful UV rays:“natural sunblock”.
No CFCs!
1) Volcanic Ash2) Dirt/Dust from wind3) Pollen4) Salt from sea spray
Evaporation is one stage of the water cycle: water becomes a vapor, adding humidity to the air.
78% of the atmosphere- Absorbed through roots of plants after being “fixed” by bacteria.
21% of the atmosphere - Made available to humans and animals after photosynthesis.
CO2 O2
Composition of the Atmosphere
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Water Vapor
Particulates Ozone
vapor
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NitrogenThe “nitrogen cycle” involves microscopic
organisms in the soil that capture N from the air and feed it to the roots of plants.
= 78% of Earth’s Atmosphere!
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Composition of Atmosphere
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Oxygen= 21% of Earth’s Atmosphere.
During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce their food, and they release oxygen as a byproduct.
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Water evaporates when it is heated by the sun and enters the air as water vapor – an invisible gas.
Water Vapor
Plants and animals also give off water vapor – through
transpiration and perspiration
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Ozone O3 is a gas
that reflects UltraViolet radiation from the sun (protecting us). It also absorbs sun’s heat which warms the Stratosphere.
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The oxygen we breathe has 2 atoms: O2
However, Ozone has 3 atoms: O3
Ozone forms a vital layer of our atmosphere that protects us from the sun’s harmful UV radiation.
Unfortunately, human produced chloroflorocarbons (CFCs) break down ozone and weaken this important layer
Ozone
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Tiny, solid particles – in 4 main categories:Particulates
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Earth's Atmosphere
99% of atmospheric gases, including water vapor, extend only 30 kilometer (km) above earth's surface.
Most of our weather occurs within the first 10 to 15 km.
T h i n G a s e o u s E n v e l o p e
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Atmospheric Pressure
Definition:Pressure exerted on all sides of a surface or object by gravity pulling air down to Earth’s surface.- Pressure decreases as
altitude increases (think of swimming pool).
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Atmospheric PressureBarometer: a tool that measures atmospheric pressure
mercurial vs. aneroid
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Layers of the Atmosphere- Based on changes in temperature with
altitude. sphere: the hottest layer (up to 1000°C); contains the Ionosphere which forms auroras when solar flares electrify its gas particles.
sphere: “meso” means middle; the coldest layer (down to -90°C); where most meteors burn up.
Stratosphere: contains Ozone which absorbs solar radiation and protects Earth from harmful UV rays.
Troposphere: Contains all the weather/clouds and 80% of all the air on Earth. Gets colder with altitude (like mountain-tops).
Thermo
Meso
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Layers of the Atmosphere- Based on changes in temperature with
altitude.
Troposphere: Contains all the weather/clouds and 80% of all the air on Earth. Gets colder with altitude (like mountain-tops).
Thermosphere: the hottest layer (up to 1000°C); contains the Ionosphere which forms auroras when solar flares electrify its gas particles.
Mesosphere: “meso” means middle; the coldest layer (down to -90°C); where most meteors burn up.Stratosphere: contains Ozone which absorbs solar radiation and protects Earth from harmful UV rays.
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Layers of the Atmosphere
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RedBull Stratos
Main Website:
http://www.redbullstratos.com/the-mission/mission-timeline/
Preview Video (CGI):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCqnQq86fkY&edufilter=ZfvWoTQoe9wnoR5AGPfSjA
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Temperature Inversions
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Earth’s Atmosphere
Chapter 22 – Section 2
Mr. Sierra
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Solar Energy (Radiation)
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Greenhouse Gases
“Compounds”
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Greenhouse Effect
Solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface.
Energy from the sun is absorbed by Earth’s surface and then is radiated into the atmosphere as heat, some of which escapes into space.
Greenhouse gases also absorb some of the energy from Earth and radiate it back toward the lower atmosphere and Earth’s surface.
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Latitude and SeasonsThroughout the seasons, which ever area on Earth (based on latitude – from north to south)
receives the most direct, intense concentration of Sun’s energy will be the warmest.
What season would it be above the equator in this picture?
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Winter (Northern Hemisphere tilts away from sun)
Spring (sun aims directly at equator)
Summer (Northern Hemisphere tilts toward sun)
Fall (sun aims directly
at equator)
23½°
To Polaris
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Land heats up and cools down _________ than water.
The temperature of the air relates to the temperature of land or water it blows over.
Hot air _________ - creating _____ Pressure
Cold air _________ - creating ______ Pressure
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Coriolis EffectRotation of the Earth causes air to curve (over long distances)
p. 561
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