earth plane pollution
TRANSCRIPT
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SUMMARY
Water is a natural resource whose preservation and effective use lie at the very
foundation of environmental sustainability and ecological safety.
This assignment gives an analysis of the literature on water pollution, preventive
measures and efforts to maintain the safety and utility of water resources through policy
instruments and conservancy. The preservation of forests and the environment generally
as important water catchments is a prominent activity in regulating water pollution.
Moreover, the regulation of disposal of industrial effluence, promotion of water
purification and processing for domestic use are some of the major measures of
preventing water pollution. This project seeks to establish the international status of
activities geared at the management of water resources in the light of mitigating pollution
as a menace both for industrial and domestic water usage but also for environmental
sustainability and conservancy.
This project relies mainly on the review of literature in presenting an analysis of the
status of water pollution as an environmental menace. Moreover, the literature on the
environment is constancy changing due to the rapid progress of industrial development
and urbanization as two key forces determining welfare correlations to exposure for harm
regarding water pollution. The people depicted as adversely vulnerable to water and
environmental pollution are slum dwellers in poorly developed urban areas and people
residing near lakes or rivers carrying industrial refuse.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary ....1
Acknowledgements 2
Table of Content ..3
Introduction ..4-5-6
Causes of water pollution .7
Types of water pollution8
Types of water pollution( Ground water pollution)..9
Types of water pollution( oil spillage).10
Effects of water pollution 11-12
Prevention of water Pollution .13
Conclusion 14
References .15
Appendix .16
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INTRODUCTION
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers
and groundwater), very often by human activities. Water pollution occurs when
pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate
treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water covers over 70% of the Earths surface.
It is a very important resource for people and the environment. Water pollution affects
drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. Water pollution is the second
most imperative environmental concern along with air pollution. Any change or
modification in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water that will have a
detrimental consequence on living things is water pollution. Lakes, rivers, oceans and
ground waters are affected by pollution every now and then.
Water pollution can be defined in many ways. Usually, it means one or more substances
have built up in water to such an extent that they cause problems for animals or people.
Oceans, lakes, rivers, and other inland waters can naturally clean up a certain amount of
pollution by dispersing it harmlessly. If you poured a cup of black ink into a river, the ink
would quickly disappear into the river's much larger volume of clean water. The ink
would still be there in the river, but in such a low concentration that you would not be
able to see it. At such low levels, the chemicals in the ink probably would not present any
real problem. However, if you poured gallons of ink into a river every few seconds
through a pipe, the river would quickly turn black. The chemicals in the ink could very
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quickly have an effect on the quality of the water. This, in turn, could affect the health of
all the plants, animals, and humans whose lives depend on the river.
Thus, water pollution is all about quantities: how much of a polluting substance is
released and how big a volume of water it is released into. A small quantity of a toxic
chemical may have little impact if it is spilled into the ocean from a ship. But the same
amount of the same chemical can have a much bigger impact pumped into a lake or river,
where there is less clean water to disperse it.
Despite the major efforts that have been made over recent years to clean up the
environment, pollution remains a major problem and poses continuing risks to health.
The problems are undoubtedly greatest in the developing world, where traditional sources
of pollution such as industrial emissions, poor sanitation, inadequate waste management,
contaminated water supplies and exposures to indoor air pollution from biomass fuels
affect large numbers of people. Even in developed countries, however, environmental
pollution persists, most especially amongst poorer sectors of society1,,2. In recent
decades, too, a wide range of modern pollutants have emergednot least, those
associated with road traffic and the use of modern chemicals in the home, in food, for
water treatment and for pest control. Most of these pollutants are rarely present in
excessively large concentrations, so effects on health are usually far from immediate or
obvious. As Taubes3 has noted, few of the problems of environmental exposure that
concern us today imply large relative risks. Detecting small effects against a background
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of variability in exposure and human susceptibility, and measurement error, poses severe
scientific challenges.
The progressively larger number of people exposed to environmental pollution (if only as
a result of growing population numbers and increasing urbanization) nevertheless means
that even small increases in relative risk can add up to major public health concerns. The
emergence of new sources of exposure and new risk factors, some of themsuch as
endocrine disruptorswith the capacity to have lifelong implications for health, also
means that there is a continuing need for both vigilance and action. As the impact of
human activities and issues of environmental health become increasingly global in scale
and extent, the need to recognize and to address the health risks associated with
environmental pollution becomes even more urgent. Effective action, however, requires
an understanding not only of the magnitude of the problem, but also its causes and
underlying processes, for only then can intervention be targeted at where it is most
needed and likely to have greatest effect. As background to the other chapters in this
volume, therefore, this chapter discusses the nature of the link between environmental
pollution and health and considers the contribution of environmental pollution to the
global burden of disease.
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Causes of water pollution?
Most water pollution doesn't begin in the water itself. Take the oceans: around 80 percent
of ocean pollution enters our seas from the land. Virtually any human activity can have
an effect on the quality of our water environment. When farmers fertilize the fields, the
chemicals they use are gradually washed by rain into the groundwater or surface waters
nearby. Sometimes the causes of water pollution are quite surprising. Chemicals released
by smokestacks (chimneys) can enter the atmosphere and then fall back to earth as rain,
entering seas, rivers, and lakes and causing water pollution. That's called atmospheric
deposition. Water pollution has many different causes and this is one of the reasons why
it is such a difficult problem to solve.
TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION?
Water comes from many sources. This means they can be polluted in many scenarios.
Let's see a few types of water pollution:
1. Nutrients Pollution
Some wastewater, fertilizers and sewage contain high levels of nutrients. If they end up in
water bodies, they encourage algae and weed growth in the water. This will make the
water undrinkable, and even clog filters. Too much algae will also use up all the oxygen
in the water and other water organisms in the water will die out of oxygen from
starvation.
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2. Surface water pollution
Surface water includes natural water found on the earth's surface, like rivers, lakes,
lagoons and oceans. Any kind of activity that pollutes these surface waters can be called
surface water pollution.
3. Oxygen Depleting
Water bodies have micro-organisms. These include aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
When to much biodegradable matter (things that easily decay) end up in water, it
encourages more microorganism growth, and they use up more oxygen in the water. If
oxygen is depleted, aerobic organisms die, and anaerobic organism grow more to produce
harmful toxins such as ammonia and sulfides.
4. Ground water pollution
When humans apply pesticides and chemicals to soils, they are washed deep into the
ground by rain water. This gets to underground water.
This means when we dig wells and bore holes to get water from underground, it needs to
be checked for ground water pollution.
5. Microbiological
In many communities in the world, people drink untreated water (straight from a river or
stream). Sometimes there is natural pollution caused by microorganisms like viruses,
bacteria and protozoa. This natural pollution can cause fishes and other water life to die.
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They can also cause serious illness to humans who drink from such waters. This is called
microbiological pollution.
6. Suspended Matter
some pollutants (substances, particles and chemicals) do not easily dissolve in water. This
kind of material is called particulate matter. Some suspended pollutants later settle under
the water body. This can harm and even kill aquatic life that live at the floor of water
bodies.
7. Chemical Water Pollution
Many industries and farmers work with chemicals that end up in water. These include
chemicals that are used to control weeds, insects and pests. Metals and solvents from
industries can pollute water bodies. These are poisonous to many forms of aquatic life
and may slow their development, make them infertile and kill them.
8.Oil Spillage
Oil spills usually have only a localized effect on wildlife but can spread for miles. The oil
can cause the death of many fish and stick to the feathers of seabirds causing them to lose
the ability to fly.
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Effects of water pollution?
Some people believe pollution is an inescapable result of human activity: they argue that
if we want to have factories, cities, ships, cars, oil, and coastal resorts, some degree of
pollution is almost certain to result. In other words, pollution is a necessary evil that
people must put up with if they want to make progress. Fortunately, not everyone agrees
with this view. One reason people have woken up to the problem of pollution is that it
brings costs of its own that undermine any economic benefits that come about by
polluting.
Take oil spills, for example. They can happen if tankers are too poorly built to survive
accidents at sea. But the economic benefit of compromising on tanker quality brings an
economic cost when an oil spill occurs. The oil can wash up on nearby beaches, devastate
the ecosystem, and severely affect tourism. The main problem is that the people who bear
the cost of the spill (typically a small coastal community) are not the people who caused
the problem in the first place (the people who operate the tanker). Yet, arguably,
everyone who puts gasoline (petrol) into their caror uses almost any kind of petroleum-
fueled transportcontributes to the problem in some way. So oil spills are a problem for
everyone, not just people who live by the coast and tanker operates.
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Sewage is another good example of how pollution can affect us all. Sewage discharged
into coastal waters can wash up on beaches and cause a health hazard. People who bathe
orsurfin the water can fall ill if they swallow polluted wateryet sewage can have other
harmful effects too: it can poison shellfish (such as cockles and mussels) that grow near
the shore. People who eat poisoned shellfish risk suffering from an acuteand
sometimes fatalillness called paralytic shellfish poisoning. Shellfish is no longer
caught along many shores because it is simply too polluted with sewage or toxic chemical
wastes that have discharged from the land nearby.
Pollution matters because it harms the environment on which people depend. The
environment is not something distant and separate from our lives. It's not a pretty
shoreline hundreds of miles from our homes or a wilderness landscape that we see only
on TV. The environment is everything that surrounds us that gives us life and health.
Destroying the environment ultimately reduces the quality of our own livesand that,
most selfishly, is why pollution should matter to all of us.
Conclusion:
Arent we aware of the different problems occurring in our nature, especially in different
bodies of water? Water pollution is the caused of our undisciplined actions and
irresponsibility. We, humans are only creating problems that consequently we will also
carry the burden of these problems. We all know that water pollution can affect our
health badly and seriously. It can cause such sicknesses and diseases that will badly
affect our health. We all know how important water is. Water is essential to our body.
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Neither we nor every living thing cant survive without water. And so therefore, we
should keep, protect, save, and help prevent our waters from being polluted, we should
act as early as now, we should save rivers, seas and oceans, and other bodies of water
because we will also bare the burden of this problem. We should not wait for the time
until people are competing just to get sufficient, fresh and clean water, the time where
clean water is insufficient to the people and animals, and the time where in our sources
of water are diminishing or until the time where there are totally no sources of water.
And so, let us be disciplined and responsible enough to save, protect and conserve not
only sources of water but also our mother nature because our nature provides and
helps us in our daily lives. Lets just realize how important our mother nature is. It is our
only source of living. Let us not destroy it nor pollute it. Let us act for a change. We
need and we should help save and conserve our mother nature, especially the different
bodies of water. Absolutely, there are many simple ways in how we can help. Change
ourselves before we construct changes in our nature.
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References:
1) http://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.html2) http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/68/1/1.full3) http://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.html
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.htmlhttp://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.htmlhttp://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/68/1/1.fullhttp://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/68/1/1.fullhttp://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.htmlhttp://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.htmlhttp://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.htmlhttp://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/68/1/1.fullhttp://www.explainthatstuff.com/waterpollution.html -
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Appendix:
http://www.google.ae/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=water+pollution&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=oQ-Rn8Fx34ovaM&tbnid=8no5QPZODpky7M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.earthtimes.org/environment/water-pollution/&ei=Xg1SUcbuBIfAiQe70YDwBQ&bvm=bv.44342787,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFk4SSgdaEQk_3EDVBgM2dyqXnCeQ&ust=1364418228146548http://www.google.ae/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=water+pollution&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=o2C0cBRgqjioSM&tbnid=kheeexaJuVKitM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.allskull.com/fcked-up-facts/water-pollution/&ei=QwxSUfLYDI2RiQex24GQBg&bvm=bv.44342787,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNGu2bSEkaZGog_RetXoMOcd4i762w&ust=1364417944486761http://www.google.ae/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=water+pollution&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=o2C0cBRgqjioSM&tbnid=kheeexaJuVKitM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.allskull.com/fcked-up-facts/water-pollution/&ei=QwxSUfLYDI2RiQex24GQBg&bvm=bv.44342787,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNGu2bSEkaZGog_RetXoMOcd4i762w&ust=1364417944486761 -
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