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Earth Observation
Satellite Data for
Operation Purposes and
Data Distribution
By
KWOH Leng Keong, Director CRISP
E-mail : [email protected]
Tel : 65-65163220
International Workshop on Earth Observation Small
Satellites for Remote Sensing Application, Kuala Lumpur 20-23
November 2007
13m X band Antenna (Installed in Sep ‘95)
6m X band Antenna (Installed in Nov ’99)
CRISP has ordered new 8.5 m X band antenna, to meet our future requirements
ASEAN Ground
Stations
Vie
tnam
(’07
)
Th
ail
an
d(’
82
)
Ma
lays
ia(’
03
)
Sin
gap
ore
(’95
)
Indo
nes
ia(’
93)
Satellite Data CRISP received since 1995:
1.
SPOT 1,2,4 (France, Sep 1995)–
1,1
70,5
00 s
cen
es
2.
ERS 1,2 (Europe, M
ar 1996)–28,300 scenes
3.
RADARSAT 1 (Canada, Apr 1997 till 1999)–12,000 scenes
4.
SeaWiFS(U
SA, Sep 1999)
5.
TERRA M
ODIS (USA, March 2001)
6.IKONOS (USA, August 2001)
7.
EROS (Israel, October 2001) –suspended due to ground equipment failure
8.
AQUA M
ODIS (USA, July 2002)
9.SPOT 5 (October 2002) –
395
,000
sce
nes
10.ERS-2 Low Bit Rate (Scatterometer, Gomeetc)
CRISP Ground Station
Land / Forest Fire
monitoring
Daily Fire Monitoring in CRISP using
high resolution satellite imagery
•Background: During the 1997/98 El-Nino event, Singapore, like many
other countries in the region, experienced severe haze.
•The National Environment Agency (NEA) decided to adopt measures
in advance of another occurrence of serious haze.
•CRISP demonstrated the possibility of obtaining clear, unambiguous
views of fire using high resolution satellite imagery.
•Contract established in 1998 for NEA to purchase SPOT 1 and 2
data from CRISP to locate fires in the region.
•SPOT 4 and 5 added subsequently in 2000. Easier to detect fires
due to the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band.
•SPOT satellite has oblique viewing of +/-30 degrees giving each
satellite a revisit of about 4 days near the equator
•3 SPOT satellites thus provide 1~2 days revisit capability
SP
OT
SP
OT
-- 4 :
The a
dditio
na
l short
4 :
The a
dditio
na
l short
-- wave infr
are
d (
SW
IR)
band
wave infr
are
d (
SW
IR)
band
enab
les f
ires t
o b
e d
ete
cte
d m
ore
easily
. F
ires a
ppear
as b
right
enab
les f
ires t
o b
e d
ete
cte
d m
ore
easily
. F
ires a
ppear
as b
right
red p
atc
hes w
hile
veg
eta
tion a
ppears
in s
had
es o
f gre
en.
red p
atc
hes w
hile
veg
eta
tion a
ppears
in s
had
es o
f gre
en.
Fires in 2006
•The yearly vegetation fires in Sumatra and
Kalim
antan were m
ade worse in 2006 by the
onset of a mild El-Nino event.
•This brought drier weather at the tail end of
the fire season (September and October) to
South Sumatra and Kalim
antan.
•The fires in South Sumatra and Kalim
antan
were the most severe in recent years. The
PSI in Singapore (on Oct 7) also hit the
highest level since 1997.
SPOT Image of Forest Fire in
South Sumatra, 28 Sep 2006
SPOT4 Image, Sep 28, 2006
Red regions –recent burning activities (ground still very hot)
IKONOS Image, September 29, 2006
Systems of Canals, indicating intention of converting to
plantations
Comparison of hotspots in September
Hotspots, 2nd half of September
2005
Hotspots, 2nd half of September
2006
Comparison of hotspots in October
Hotspots, 1st half of October
2005
Hotspots, 1st half of October
2006
Mild El-Nino delayed Sep Rains till Late November,
resulting in an extended dry period
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Monthly Fire Count (Sumatra)
1999 - 2005 Mean
2006
Oil Pollution
The Song San Case
•Oil tanker Song San discharged oil into the sea off
the west coast of Singapore in August 1996.
•CRISP acquired an ERS image showing Song San
discharging a 5-km long plume of oil. The image was
presented to MPA to assist their investigation.
•The owner, agent, and officers of Song San pleaded
guilty and were fined a total of $1.25 million.
•The ERS image was the first satellite image in the
world accepted as court evidence in an ocean
pollution case.
Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing
C R
I S
P
Worst Oil Spill in Singapore History
•Two tankers collided in the Singapore Strait on 16
October 1997.
•28,000 tonnes of oil spilled into the sea.
•Clean-up operation successfully carried out
immediately after the collision.
•Residual oil slicks drifted up the Malacca Strait;
remote sensing images used to monitor the
situation.
The wrecked tanker after the collision on 16 Oct 1997
Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing
C R
I S
P
•Panama-registered tanker NatunaSea ran
aground in shipping lane between Indonesia and
Indonesia at dawn 3 October 2000.
•7,000 tonnes of crude oil spilled into the sea.
Tanker Oil Spill in 2000
ERS Image on 11 October 2000
ERS Image on 11 October 2000
©©CNES 2000
CNES 2000
Oil
Oil
2004 Tsunami
10 Jan 2003
29 Dec 2004
Banda Aceh
19 km x 22 km
Banda Aceh
Banda Aceh
Lhoknga
Lhoknga
IKONOS Image Acquisition loop
Singapore HATF HQ
Other Agencies
CRISP
Control and
Command
X-Band
S-Band
Activity W
indow
Request
(3 days in advance)
Space Imaging
POC
SAME DAY DATA
DELIVERY
Real Time
Image
Downlink
SPOT 5 Image Acquisition loop
Singapore HATF HQ
Other Regional
Image Receiving
Station
SPOT Image
CRISP
Control and
Command
X-Band
S-Band
Real Time Image
Downlink
data transfer via
internet
International
Disaster
Charter
Programming
Request
CNES
SAME DAY DATA
DELIVERY
10 Jan 2003
Pre-tsunami
15 Jan 2005
Tsunami
1 Feb 2006
13 months
after tsunami
Flood Monitoring
(Not Effective with optical
sensor due to clouds)
e.g. Thailand Flooding, May 2006
Flooding in Thailand (SPOT 4, 26 May 2006)
Data Distribution
CRISP/NUS Investment into
SPOT Asia in 2005
CRISP
NUS Tech
Holdings
NUS
SPOT ASIA
SPOT
Image
SOME HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
LEADING TO CRISP INVESTMENT
•CRISP began SPOT data reception and processing in
September 1995
•CRISP entered into marketing agreement for SPOT Asia
to distribute CRISP data and service (from 1995)
•In 2000+, CRISP and SPOT Image has been in
dicussionsto strengthen this marketing co-operation
•Result is CRISP’sinvestment into SPOT Asia in late
2005
•This is a mutual beneficial win-win partnering between
CRISP and SPOT Image
SPOT Asia, GeoEye, CRISP Co-operation for
IKONOS Data Distribution in SEAsia
Customer /
local agent
Master Reseller for
SE Asia Region
Data order to
SPOT Asia,
Data from
SPOT Asia
Order to
GeoEye
Successful
data to
SPOT Asia
Acquisition
Request
from
GeoEye
GeoEye
SPOT
Asia
CRISP
GS
Fulfilled
orders
Unfulfilled Orders
Equilibrium
point
Supply
(Inelastic
and limited)
Demand Curve
Price
Quantity
Supply and Demand Curve for Optical VHR Imagery
0%
40%
Statistics of 10% Cloud Cover SPOT Scenes by
Month –Derived from CRISP’sSPOT Archive
Cummulative Frequency of Cloud Cover Statistics
Cld QuotesSPOT 2,4
SPOT 5
IKONOS
A3
10
23
B14
25
36
C39
44
46
D70
76
68
E100
100
100
Period between 1 Oct 2002 and 1 Oct 2003
Latitude between –5 deg to + 15 deg
IKO
NO
S h
as
nea
r re
al
tim
e d
irec
t ta
skin
g (
wit
h l
ate
st w
eath
er i
nfo
rma
tio
n)
SP
OT
5 C
lou
d Q
uote
ha
s b
een
len
ien
t
SP
OT
5 p
rog
ram
min
g b
ias
to c
oast
al/
sea
reg
ion
Applications in the Region
Land Use
75%
Cadastral
4%
Oil Palm
12%
Oil and Gas
4%
Mining
5%
Forestry
50%
Env
1%
Cartography
30%
Coastal
1%
Land Use
13%
Others
5%
SPOT 5
IKONOS
(data
court
esy o
f S
PO
T A
sia
)
Thank
Thank
You
You