earth materials -...

mineral chemistry.notebook December 06, 2015

Unit 3 Earth Materials (35 hrs – 10 weeks)

Minerals, Rocks, Rock Cycle, Rock Classification


Unit 3 Outline:1. Mineral Chemistry2. Minerals

> Core lab 3 mineral id and specific gravity– Mineral quiz

3. Rock cycle4. Igneous rocks

> Core lab 4 part 1 igneous rocks5. STSE Diamonds and formation

– Igneous rocks quiz6. Sedimentary rocks

> Core lab 4 part 2 sedimentary rocks– Sedimentary rocks quiz

7. Metamorphic rocks> Core lab 4 part 3 metamorphic rocks

8. Unit test


• Atoms – basic building blocks of nonliving matter

• Ions – atoms that have gained an electrical charge

• Elements – contains 1 type of element (PT)

• Compound – molecules have atoms from at least 2 different elements. are either ionic or covalent or metallic


Chemical Formulas for Minerals

• Be able to identify the elements present in the chemical formulas of common minerals.

Names and symbols of elements found in common minerals:

1﴿ Chlorine ﴾Cl﴿ 2﴿ Calcium ﴾Ca﴿ 3﴿ Carbon ﴾C﴿ 4﴿ Aluminum ﴾Al﴿5﴿ Copper ﴾Cu﴿ 6﴿ Cobalt ﴾Co﴿ 7﴿ Fluorine ﴾F﴿ 8﴿ Gold ﴾Au﴿9﴿ Hydrogen ﴾H﴿ 10﴿ Iron ﴾Fe﴿ 11﴿ Lead ﴾Pb﴿ 12﴿ Magnesium﴾Mg﴿3﴿ Oxygen ﴾O﴿ 14﴿ Nitrogen ﴾N﴿ 15﴿ Nickel ﴾Ni﴿ 16﴿ Manganese ﴾Mn﴿17﴿ Silicon ﴾Si﴿ 18﴿ Sodium ﴾Na﴿ 19﴿ Silver ﴾Ag﴿ 20﴿ Potassium ﴾K﴿21﴿ Sulfur ﴾S﴿ 22﴿ Tin ﴾Sn﴿ 23﴿ Zinc ﴾Zn﴿


1﴿ Proton positively charged particle located in the nucleus.

2﴿ Neutron particle located in the nucleus with no charge.

3﴿ Nucleus central portion of an atom that comprises the majority of the atoms mass.bIt has both protons and neutrons.

4﴿ Electron negatively charged particle located in the surrounding energy levels.

5﴿ Energy Level shells that surround the nucleus that contain the electrons.

Subatomic particles that make up an atom include:


• Nucleus holds n and p+• Energy levels hold e• Atomic number indicates

the number of charged particles of each type

• Atomic mass indicates the total number or particles in the nucleus


Metal atom Vs. Non- Metal atom

Metal: An element that is a good conductor of heat and electricityFound on the LEFT side of the staircase

Examples: Gold, Magnesium, Sodium

NonMetal: An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricityFound on the RIGHT side of the staircase

Examples: Carbon, Hydrogen, Chlorine

Vs!


58 59 60 61 62 6463 65 67 68 69 70 71Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

66Dy

Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium

90 91 92 93 94 9695 97 99 100 101 102 103Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Es Fm Md No Lr

98Cf

Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

Ru

Ti

Rhenium

Ruthenium Rhodium

H

Li Be

Na Mg

K Ca

Rb Sr

Cs Ba

Fr Ra

Sc

Y

La

Ac

Zr

Hf

Rf

V

Nb

Ta

Db

Cr

Mo

W

Sg

Mn

Tc

Re

Bh

Fe

Os

Hs

Co

Rh

Ir

Mt

Ni

Pd

Pt

Cu

Ag

Au

Zn

Cd

Hg

Hydrogen

Lithium

Sodium

Potassium

Rubidium

Cesium

Beryllium

Magnesium

Calcium

Strontium

Barium

Radium

Scandium

Yttrium

Lanthanum

Actinium

Vanadium

Niobium

Tantalum

Dubnium

Chromium

Molybdenum

Tungsten

Manganese

Technetium

Iron Cobalt Copper Zinc

Palladium Silver Cadmium

Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury

Hassium Meitnerium

B

Al

Ga

In

Tl

C

Si

Ge

Sn

Pb

N

P

As

Sb

Bi

O F

Cl

Br

I

At

He

Ne

Ar

Kr

Xe

Rn

S

Se

Te

Po

Francium

Titanium

Rutherfordium

Zirconium

Hafnium

Seaborgium

Osmium

Bohrium

1

3 4

11 12

Nickel

19 20

37 38

55 56

87 88

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

89 104 105 106 107 108 109

5 6 7 8 9 10

13 14 15 16 17 18

31 32 33 34 35 36

50 51 52 53 54

81 82 83 84 85 86

2

Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton

Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon

ArgonChlorineSulfurPhosphorusSiliconAluminium

Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon

Helium

Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon


Metals and Non- Metals in compounds

You can have a mixture of metal and non metal elements in your compounds:

• 3 major groups of compounds:1. Ionic compounds

2. Covalent compounds

3. Metallic compounds Metal and metal

Non- metal and non-metal

Metal and non-metal


Ionic Vs. CovalentIonic Bond:

A metal and a nonmetal compound bond between elements = Give or Take electrons Create Ionic compounds

form when metals lose electrons to nonmetals and create oppositely charged ions which attract one another.

forms ionic compounds with an orderly arrangement of oppositely charged ions in a definite ratio that provides overall electric neutrality

form crystalsEx. Halide minerals (NaCl)


Covalent Bonding

Covalent bond Molecular compounds (Molecules):

A nonmetal and nonmetal compoundValence electrons are either shared or transferred to get

a stable configuration of 8 e like the Noble Gases (Octet Rule)

Ex. O2, H2O **SiO4

**often hybrid bonding


Metallic Bonding

• Valence e are free to migrate from one ion to another and act like “electrical glue”

• Common in metals like Au, Ag, Al, Cu

• Accounts for high degree of electrical conductivity in metals


C OO

H

O

H

Ionic Covalent

Ionic or Covalent?

CC

C

H

H

H

H

HH

H

H

N

H

H

H

HZn

O

O

Na Cl


58 59 60 61 62 6463 65 67 68 69 70 71Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

66Dy

Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium

90 91 92 93 94 9695 97 99 100 101 102 103Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Es Fm Md No Lr

98Cf

Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

Ru

Ti

Rhenium

Ruthenium Rhodium

H

Li Be

Na Mg

K Ca

Rb Sr

Cs Ba

Fr Ra

Sc

Y

La

Ac

Zr

Hf

Rf

V

Nb

Ta

Db

Cr

Mo

W

Sg

Mn

Tc

Re

Bh

Fe

Os

Hs

Co

Rh

Ir

Mt

Ni

Pd

Pt

Cu

Ag

Au

Zn

Cd

Hg

Hydrogen

Lithium

Sodium

Potassium

Rubidium

Cesium

Beryllium

Magnesium

Calcium

Strontium

Barium

Radium

Scandium

Yttrium

Lanthanum

Actinium

Vanadium

Niobium

Tantalum

Dubnium

Chromium

Molybdenum

Tungsten

Manganese

Technetium

Iron Cobalt Copper Zinc

Palladium Silver Cadmium

Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury

Hassium Meitnerium

B

Al

Ga

In

Tl

C

Si

Ge

Sn

Pb

N

P

As

Sb

Bi

O F

Cl

Br

I

At

He

Ne

Ar

Kr

Xe

Rn

S

Se

Te

Po

Francium

Titanium

Rutherfordium

Zirconium

Hafnium

Seaborgium

Osmium

Bohrium

1

3 4

11 12

Nickel

19 20

37 38

55 56

87 88

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

89 104 105 106 107 108 109

5 6 7 8 9 10

13 14 15 16 17 18

31 32 33 34 35 36

50 51 52 53 54

81 82 83 84 85 86

2

Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton

Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon

ArgonChlorineSulfurPhosphorusSiliconAluminium

Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon

Helium

Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon


There are over 100 known elements, but only 8 of them make up over 98.5% of the earths crust by mass.

1﴿ Oxygen ﴾46.6%﴿ 2﴿ Silicon ﴾27.7%﴿ 3﴿ Aluminum ﴾8.1%﴿ 4﴿ Iron ﴾5.0%﴿ 5﴿ Calcium ﴾3.6%﴿ 6﴿ Sodium ﴾2.8%﴿7﴿ Potassium ﴾2.6%﴿ 8﴿ Magnesium ﴾2.1%﴿

Common Elements in Earth’s crust.


Common Elements in Earth’s crust.Mnemonic Device

• See table 2.3 pg. 44• Focus on the first letter of each word:• Ottawa• Senators• Are• Insane• Calgary• Should• Play• Montreal

* In the order of most common on earth to least** Know the most common elements


Conclusions?

1. Know basic Chemical terms

2. Identify diagrams and/or graphics of each type of compound.

3. Know the abundance of elements on Earth


Practice Q`s

Attachments

1206Attendance.xlsx

Sheet1

5-Sep

Gustav Barbourp

Echo Henochp

Toni Lampep

Anthony Saksagiakp

Dwayne Williamsp

Kayla Wyattp

Sheet2

Sheet3

SMART Notebook

Page 1: Sep 8-9:31 AMPage 2: Mar 4-8:12 AMPage 3: Nov 22-6:25 PMPage 4: Nov 22-6:48 PMPage 5: Nov 22-7:04 PMPage 6: Nov 22-6:25 PMPage 7: Feb 17-1:20 PMPage 8: Periodic tablePage 9: Feb 17-1:34 PMPage 10: Feb 17-1:01 PMPage 11: Nov 22-6:31 PMPage 12: Nov 22-6:56 PMPage 13: Nov 22-6:34 PMPage 14: Feb 17-1:48 PMPage 15: Periodic tablePage 16: Nov 22-7:07 PMPage 17: Nov 22-6:49 PMPage 18: Sep 6-5:00 PMPage 19: Nov 22-7:58 PMAttachments Page 1

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