earth materials lynn garner. what are earth materials? an earth material is any natural material...
DESCRIPTION
Vocabulary Geology: the study of the Earth Geologist: A Scientist who studies Earth materials, such as the rocks and minerals on the EarthTRANSCRIPT
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Earth Materials
Lynn Garner
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What Are Earth Materials?
• An earth material is any natural material that is not now living on the earth’s surface.
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Vocabulary
• Geology: the study of the Earth• Geologist: A Scientist who studies Earth
materials, such as the rocks and minerals on the Earth
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Vocabulary
• Minerals: one ingredient in the earth’s crust that can’t be broken down - minerals make up rocks
• Rocks: earth materials made up of different ingredients called minerals – rocks are made up of more than one mineral/ingredient
• Property: something you can observe, such as size, color, shape, or texture
• Crystal: the solid form of a material that can be identified by its shape or pattern
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What is the difference in rocks and minerals?
Rocks• Made up of different
ingredients• Rocks can be broken
down into different minerals.
Minerals• Made up of only one
ingredient • Minerals can’t be
broken down any more.
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Rock Properties
• Texture• Color• Shape or edges• Size• Mass• Smell
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Rocks Science Content• Rocks can be separated into their components• Rocks exhibit a variety of properties, including
shape, size, color, and texture.• Water, setting, and evaporation can separate
rocks into their components.• Crystals form from evaporation of a saltwater
mixture.• Rocks are composed of earth materials called
minerals that cannot be physically broken apart any further
• Rocks are made of ingredients called minerals.
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Measurement Vocabulary
• Diameter: the distance across a circular object• Circumference: the distance around a circular
object• Depth: how thick an object is• Meter tape: measures linear dimensions• Balance: measures mass (You weigh a mock
rock using a balance to determine its mass.)
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Rock Types• Basalt: a dark, fine-grained rock that began as molten lava
extruded from a volcano or rift and then cooled quickly on the earth’s surface.
• Granite: an igneous rock that forms when magma (molten rock) forms deep in the Earth’s crust.
• Limestone: one common sedimentary rock – has a wide variety of colors, textures, & origins and consist mostly of mineral calcite. They form where water is present.
• Marble: a metamorphic rock, is limestone that has been altered by heat & pressure – usually white by tinted by other minerals – often used as columns or countertops
• Mock rock: forms from common ingredients found in your kitchen (flour, salt, water, food coloring, & alum) and neighborhood (sand, gravel, & shells) - resemble concrete
• Sandstone: a sedimentary rock formed when rocks such as granite are eroded by wind, water, & ice – used as a building stone.
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Mohs’ Numerical Mineral ScaleTalc
Gypsum
Calcite
Fluorite
Apatite
Orthoclase
Quartz
Topaz
Corundum
Diamond
Talc is the hardest mineral softest-1
Diamond is the hardest mineral - 10
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Mock Rocks
Mock Rocks
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Real Rocks
Real Rocks
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Mineral Types• Fluorite- is found in a variety of colors-white,
green, blue, & violet. It can be scratched with a gym clip.
• Gypsum- is a mineral that forms when seawater evaporates under arid conditions.
• Quartz– one of most common minerals and is made up of silicon and oxygen
• Calcite- a common mineral & chemical composition is calcium carbonate. It can be scratched with a penny.
• Feldspar• Hornblende• Mica-
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Mineral
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