Earth in the Universe

Topic 3

Earth in the Universe

Topic 3

Remember to wait for the vocabulary word to pop up at the end! Can you guess it before it comes

up?

Created by P. Bordas MS, CCC-SLP

Origin and Age of the Universe

Celestial Object

Any object outside or above Earth’s atmosphere

http://news.globaltv.com/1976920.bin?size=sw620nws

Universe

Everything that exists in any place – all the space, matter, and energy in

existence

http://www.sydneyobservatory.com.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/milky-way-map_atlas-of-the-universe.jpg

Big Bang TheoryStates that all matter and energy

started out concentrated in a small area and, after a gigantic explosion, matter

began to organize into subatomic particles and atoms.

http://en.beta.rian.ru/images/15660/40/156604039.jpg

?

Doppler EffectThe shifting of wavelengths

http://dragonphysics.pbworks.com/f/1234547786/gene%20waves_doppler.gif

Blue ShiftThis results when the Earth and

another celestial object are coming closer together and the electromagnetic

waves are bunched together

http://images2.cafepress.com/product/331573172v2_225x225_Front.jpg

Red ShiftThis results when the Earth and

another celestial object are moving apart and the electromagnetic waves

are spread out

http://images3.cafepress.com/product/331573403v2_225x225_Front.jpg

Structure of the

Universe

GalaxyA collection of billions of stars and

various amounts of gas and dust held together by gravity

http://www.propermotion.com/jwreed/Photography/Andromeda%20Galaxy.jpg

Milky Way GalaxyOur solar system is a part of this spiral-

shaped galaxy

http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20050202/a667_6174.jpg

StarUsually a large ball of gas held together

by gravity that produces tremendous amounts of energy and shines

http://images.astronet.ru/pubd/2006/06/20/0001214544/leoregulus_croman.jpg

Nuclear FusionCombining of the nuclei of smaller

elements to form the nuclei of larger elements with some of the mass being

converted into energy

http://www.lancs.ac.uk/ug/hussainw/fusion.jpg

LuminosityMeasures how bright a star would be in relation to the sun if all stars were the

same distance from an observer

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/luminosity_class.jpg

Solar System

Solar SystemThe sun and all objects that orbit the sun under its gravitational influence

http://horoscopicastrologyblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/solar-system.jpg

AsteroidA solid rocky and/or metallic body that

independently orbits the sun

http://www.spacedaily.com/images/asteroid-617-patroclus-binary-jupiter-orbit-desk-1024.jpg

MoonBody that orbits a planet or asteroid as

those objects orbit the sun

http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/08/paper_folding_to_the_moon/moon_2_bg_0722021.jpg

Comet•Mainly composed of solids that easily change to gases when heated

•Largely ices of substances such as water and methane mixed with rocky or metallic solids

http://www.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro2201/images/comet_west.gif

MeteorVery small solid fragments that orbit the

sun

http://msnbcmedia1.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/041112/041112_leonid_meteor_vmed.widec.jpg

Impact craterA depression in the Earth’s crust created by a meteorite that has

sufficient mass

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/kiefer/Education/SSRG2-Craters/meteor_crater.gif

Impact Event

Even after Earth and other planets formed,

their gravitational forces pulled on the smaller clumps of matter to

cause comets, asteroids and meteoroids to collide

with planets in what is called….

Planet Characteristics

Terrestrial Planets•Close to the sun and mostly solid

•Relatively small diameters and high densities

•Rocky surfaces are dotted with impact craters

•Have few or no moons and have no rings

•Planets similar to Earth including: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars

http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/vt-2004/Background/Infol2/vt2004-if8-fig3.jpg

Jovian Planets•Far from the sun

•Relatively large diameters and low density

•No solid surfaces and no craters

•Have many moons and rings

•Are planets similar to Jupiter including: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

http://startswithabang.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/outer_planets_small_2.jpg

RotationPlanets spin with this motion on an

imaginary axis, amount of time it takes for a planet to spin one time around its imaginary axis determines the length of

its day

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/earth_rotation.jpg

RevolutionA planet’s movement around the sun in

a path called an orbit

https://hhe.wikispaces.com/file/view/Picture_44.png/63661306/Picture_44.png

Ellipse Oval shaped orbit made by the Earth

http://www.astronomyforbeginners.com/images/diagrams/ellipse_orbit.gif

Foci, Focus Fixed points within the ellipse

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Kepler1.gif

Eccentricity The degree of flattening or “ovalness”

of an ellipse is measured by this

http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/why/imgs/JD_err_ellipses.jpg

Inertia The concept that an object at rest will

tend to remain at rest, and that an object in motion will maintain the

direction and speed of that motion unless an opposing force affects it

http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/images/spacesuit_inertia.jpg

Gravitation Attractive forces that exist between any

two objects in the universe

http://psychogeeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/gravity.gif