early societies in east asia. early aryan india aryans – nomadic and pastoral peoples speaking...
TRANSCRIPT
Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations to
600 B.C.E.Early Societies in East Asia
Early Aryan IndiaAryans – Nomadic
and pastoral peoples speaking Indo-European languages who migrate into the Indian subcontinent and settled throughout the Indus valley.
The Aryans and IndiaEarly Aryans:
Heavily Pastoral Early On Sheep, goats, horses,
and cattle.
The Aryans and IndiaEarly Aryans:
Utilized iron implements by 750 B.C.E. to farm and establish more permanent settlements.
More permanent settlements meant evolution of more established political and social organization
Origins of the Caste SystemCaste System – Indian social system based
on hereditary and usually unchangeable status.
Caste SystemBrahmans – Priests,
Nobles, High Government officials
Kshatriya – Warriors and Other Officials
Vaishya – Merchants, Landowners, and Artisians
Shudra – Peasants and laborers
Outcastes – Outsides of the Caste System
SocietyPatriarchal SocietyThe Lawbook of Manu –
Dealt with proper moral behavior and social relationships including sex and gender relationships
Sati – Practice by which widows threw themselves in the funeral pyre of their deceased husbands.
SocietyBhagayad Gita:
Ethical text of the Hindu Religion
Karma: The total effect of ones actions that determines destiny in the wheel of life and reincarnation.
Dharma: Ones duty to their caste.
Aryan ReligionFocused heavily on rituals and ritual
sacrifices.
BrahmanReligious belief that each person
participates in a larger cosmic order and forms a small part of a universal soul.