early recorde mayord of s liverpool....for chester wha tht e presen papet doer fos r liverpool . 2...

E A R L Y R E C O R D E D MAYORS OF

L I V E R P O O L .

AN O R I G I N A L L I S T W I T H D O C U M E N T A R Y A U T H O R I T I E S .

By John Elton.

Supplementary to a Paper on "St. Mary del Key, Liverpool," read 13th March, 1902.

I N pre-mayoral times the direction of local affairs in all manors was, of course, entrusted to the

bailiffs of the manorial lords; and. subsequently, it was the principal, or major, bailiff who was ap-pointed mayor. Henry II is believed to have first adopted the Norman term, " Maior," with the appointment of the first mayor of London, in n8g.

At Liverpool, before the date of any known mayor, writs are found addressed to the bailiffs. It is said that mayors replaced bailiffs or port-reeves when municipal rights were granted to a town; but this was not the case at Liverpool, where, over a cen-tury after the charter had been granted, writs were still addressed to the bailiffs.

Chester possesses a list of mayors dating back a century before the Liverpool list, namely to 1257. But the early part of the Chester list, Ormerod states, is mostly taken from " several varying and " contradictory accounts " by compilers who have left no references to any records. " In some few " instances," he says, " names have been introduced " from original deeds in years where all the lists

120 Early Recorded Mayors of Liverpool.

" were found to be incorrect;" still " much remains " t o be effected in this early part of the series that " could only be accomplished by the discovery of " original documents which have most probably " ceased to exist." 1 This is an invalidation of the Chester list that should render us chary of accepting for Liverpool any statement that is not authenti-cated by actual documents.

The list now compiled is so authenticated ; and on comparison with two existing lists already pub-lished. is found, for the early period under notice, to especially invalidate that which might have been thought the more accurate. The early series may here be considered to extend from 1351 , when William Fil Adam was first elected, to 1383, when he died. The Liverpool historian, T. Baines, quoting no authorities, covers this term of 32 years with but nine entries ; 2 and, according to the deeds, only three of these (now marked *) are correct: —

30 Edwd III . . . . Richard de Aynesargh. 40 „ . . Richard de Aynesargh.*

Thomas del More. Thomas del More. Richard de Aynesargh.* William the Son of Adam. Richard de Aynesargh. Thomas del More. Thomas del More.*

48 49 5i

1 Richard 11. 4 5 7 »

For the succeeding 58 years Baines gives the names of mayors for 32 ; and of these, according to the deeds, 12 certainly are incorrect.

The other list is that compiled many years ago bv Kuerden, and printed by the county historian, E. Baines, from the Kuerden MSS. in Chetham Library, Manchester.3 It gives us a mayor of

1 Hist. Cheshire, 1882, i. 206. I am kindly informed tha t Canon Morris , in his " P lan tagene t C h e s t e r , " h a s largely corrected this l i s t ; and tha t Mr. W . F . I rvine, in a pape r now in the press, has done on a l imited scale for Chester wha t the present pape r does for Liverpool .

2 T . Baines . History of Liverpool, 1852, 193. 3 Baines ' Lancashire, 1893, v, 166.

Early Recorded Mayors of Liverpool.

Liverpool in 1169, twenty years before London obtained the mayoral dignity. No authorities are quoted, and in fact this and four succeeding entries seem to be without justification :—

1169 . . . Adam de Birkhead. 1242 . . . William de Bold. 1257 . . . Henry de Lee. 6 Edw. . . Thomas Harbur. 1329 . . . William fil Adam.

The remainder of this early portion of the list, however, if incomplete, is tolerably accurate, the date given in each case being, apparently, that of the attestation of a document :—

1355 . . William fil Adam. 1357 . . . William fil Adam. 1358 . . Richard de Aynesargh. 1363 . . . William fil Adam. 1368 . . . William fil Adam. 1372 . . Richard de Aynesargh. 1373 . . . John de Hoult [John de Hull.] 1374 R. Aynswall [Richard de Aynesargh. 1375 . . . R. Aynswall [Richard de Aynesargh.' 1379 . . William fil Adam.

In compiling a new list I have thought it desir-able to consider the present custom of electing the mayor on October 18th, as having prevailed from the commencement of the elections. This certainly was the custom as far back as the records go. The mayor in 1556, for example, was " elected on St. " Luke's Day to serve till St. Luke's Day next," as very likely were all his predecessors.

With but few exceptions, the whole of the list has been compiled from official mayoral attestations of deeds. As a rule, the signature of the mayor, as a witness, will be found first; those of the bailiffs often following next. But the exceptions are many. The mayor's name some-times is found not placed first: at other times,


whether placed first or last, "tunc maior" is not appended. Wm. Fil Adam was elected October, 1351 , and attested a deed as mayor in April, 1352 : 4

yet in March, 1352, the first name on a deed is but " William fil. Adam." 5 William Grenolph was elec-ted in October, 1352, and attested a deed as mayor on the Saturday before St. Barnabas' (June) 1353 ;6

but on the Friday after the same St. Barnabas' he is called merely "William de Grenolph."7

The earliest local mayors mentioned in the various deeds examined on behalf of this list, are " Richard le mair de hale," who so attests a deed in 1 3 1 7 ; 8 and "Richard del Hogh, tunc maior " villa de fflynt," who with his two bailiffs attests a deed in 1346.9 The first apparent record of a mayor of Liverpool occurs in an attestation bv William Fil Adam, 4 April, 1352 :— 10

Sciant quod ego Johannes filius Ade fil Symonis de Lyver-pull dedi Rogeri de Ditton et heredibus eius quartam partem unius burgagii cum pertinentijs in Lyverpull in le Dalestrete juxta tenementum Magariae fil Alani fil Joh'is et extendum versus le Dalefeld per servic inde debita et consueta Et ego vero predict Johannes contra omnes homines warrantiz et defend imperpetuum.

Hijs testibus Willimo fil Ade tunc maiore de Lyverpull, Roberto filio Mathei tunc altero balliorum ibidem, Alex, le Comyn, Rico de Aynesargh, Willimo de Grenolf, Adam fil Mathei et alijs.

Dat apud Lyverpull quarto die Aprilis an. reg. reg. Edwardi t'tii a conquestu vicesimo sexto.

There seems little doubt that in this deed we may possess the name and date of the first actual mayor of the town. Closest scrutiny of all avail-able documents yields no earlier indication of a mayor. Writs formerly addressed to bailiffs now soon cease, and in future years are ad-dressed to " the mayor and commonalty." And—

4 Add. MSS., 32105, 219. 7 Ibid, 160. 9 Crosse Deeds, 53. 5 Moore Deeds, 157. 8 Ibid, 524. "> Add. MSS., 32105, 219. 6 Ibid, 159.


more conclusive still -this deed is evidence that the mayoralty was as yet something new : the high and unique status of the mayor was scarcely recognised; he was still one of the two bailiffs and still was regarded in this aspect ; the deed consequently being signed not only by the mayor but by " the " other bailiff." No other such instance occurs ; for the mayor was soon relieved of his duties as bailiff, and a second bailiff appointed; deeds in future being found signed severally by the mayor and the two bailiffs.

William Fil Adam, first on my list, held office, between 1351 and 1378, eleven times; Richard de Aynesargh, between 1364 and 1381 , nine times ; Thomas del More, between 1382 and 1406, sixteen times ; and Robert de [West] Derby, between 1400 and 1419, nine times : no such repeated periods of office occurring later. It is clear from these frequent re-elections who, late in the fourteenth and early in the fifteenth century, were the strong guiding spirits of the little municipality. William Fil Adam—a memoir of whom I hope to offer to the Society next Session—was fore-most in all public affairs of his day ; his good and faithful services being recognised bv Henry Duke of Lancaster with a grant of an annual rental. He died in 1383. Richard de Aynesargh, his coadjutor for many years, the next prominent holder of office, died shortly before him. Thomas del More, the successor of Avnesargh, had long been associated with both of them in public and private affairs. Sir Edward Moore in the Rental of 1657 tells his son that Thomas del More had been mayor twelve times, " a s you may see by your " deeds " ; 1 1 but these now appear to make his total years of mayoralty sixteen.

The list now compiled is as follows :— 1 1 Ch. Soc. Pubs., xii, 87.

124 Early Recorded Mayors of Liverpool. M A Y O R . E L E C T E D 1 8 O C T .

Wil l iam Fil Adam 1351 Wi l l i am Grenolf 1352 J o h n Fil W m . del More . . 1353 Wi l l i am Fil Adam . . . . 1354

1355 Wil l i am Fil Adam .. 1356 Wi l l i am Fil Adam . . . . 1357

Wi l l i am Fil Adam .. 1358 1359

Wil l i am Fil Adam . . . . 1360

Wi l l i am Fil Adam . . 1361

Wi l l i am Fil Adam . . 1362 1363

Richard de A y n e s a r g h .. 1364 Richard de A y n e s a r g h 1365

1366

Wil l i am Fil Adam . . 1367 John Fil A Imerice

Wil l i am Fil Adam 1368

1369-7°

Richard de A y n e s a r g h . . 1371 J o h n de Hull 1372

J o h n de Hull 1373 Richard de A y n e s a r g h . . 1374

Richard de A y n e s a r g h . . 1375 Richard de A y n e s a r g h . . 1376 Richard de A y n e s a r g h . . 1377 Wil l i am Fil Adam 1378 ••

1379 Richard de A y n e s a r g h 1380

Richard de A y n e s a r g h . . 1381 T h o m a s del More . . . . 1382

D A T E O F D E E D .

4 April, 26 E I I I . . S. Ba rnabas ' , 27 E . I l l . . Na t . Dom. , 27 E . I l l . . Pentecost , 29 E . I l l

S. Andrew, 30 E . I l l Nichi . Epi , 31 E . I l l J o h n Bap. , 32 E . I l l S imon & Jude , 32 E . I l l

Assumption, 35 E . I l l . . Na t . Bte. Marie , 35 E . I l l Sabt i post Sci Luce Evang

35 E. I l l S. Cedde, 37 E . I l l

6 May, 39 E . I l l . . S. Gregory, 40 E . I l l Bte. Mar ie Virg., 40 E . I l l

S. Cedde, 42 E . I l l Trs. S. Thos., 42 E. Ill Mart inmas , 42 E. I l l M a r y Mag. , 43 E. I l l

Pentecost , 46 E . I l l Matt . , Ap., 47 E . I l l Corp . Chr . , 47 E. I l l . . J o h n , Ap., 47 E. I l l Nich. , Arch. , 48 E . I l l . . Purification V. M., 49 E . I l l S. Cedde, 49 E. I l l Na t . V. M., 49 E. I l l . . S. Mart in , 50 E . I l l Trs . S. Thos. , 1 R. I I S. Kather ine, 1 R . I I

S. Agatha , 2 R. I I Phi l ip & James , 2 R . 11 S. Barnabas , 2 R . I I

Mary Mag., 5 R . I I Matt . , Ap., 5 R . I I Assumption, 6 R . I I Lucy Virg. , 6 R . I I J o h n Bapt . , 7 R . I I S. Wilfrid, 7 R . I I


4 April, 1352 June , 1353 . . Chris tmas, 1353 June, 1355 . .

Nov., 1356 . . Dec. 1357 . . June, 1358 . . 28 Oct., 1358

Aug., 1361 . . Sept., 1361 Saturday after

18 Oct. , 1361. March , 1363

R E F E R E N C E .

Add. MSS. , 32105/2x9 Moore Deeds, 159 Add. MSS. , 32105/318

32105/215

Moore Deeds , 170 Add. M S S . , 32105/206 Moore Deeds, 176 Add. MSS. , 32105/204

Moore Deeds, 191 „ 183

192

Add. MSS. , 32105/259

N O T E S .

26 E. Ill ends 20 Jan., 1353.

[St. Mary ' s , 19 May, 1355. E n d o w m e n t of St. Nicholas ' &

[Feb.-Sept . , 1361. S. Nicholas ' consecrated.

6 May, 1365 Close Rolls, 40 E. I l l , m. 22 W r i t re pr isage of wines. March, 1366 . . Add. M S S , 32105/205/235.. July, Sept . , 1366 „ „ 32105/328

March, 1368 . . Add. MSS. , 32105/298 . . July, 1368 .. .. Moore Deeds, 209 .. .. Apparently locum tenens. Nov. , 1368 . . . . Add. M S S . , 32105/262 . . July, 1369 . . . . Moore Deeds, 216

June , 1372 . . . . Add. MSS. , 32105/234 . . Feb . , 1373 . . . . Moore Deeds , 226 June , 1373 . . . . Add. MSS. , 32105/207 . . Dec., 1373 . . . . „ „ 32105/179 . . Dec., 1374 . . . . „ „ 32105/174 . . Feb., 1375 . . . . „ „ 32105/311 . . March , 1375 . . Moore Deeds , 236 Sept. , 1 3 7 5 . . . . „ . 6 2 8 July, 1376 . . . . „ „ 5 5 3 July, 1377 . . . . Crosse Deeds , 70 . . . . R. II from 21 June, 1377. Nov., 1377 . . . . Moore Deeds , 242 Feb . , 1379 . . . . „ , , 2 4 3 May, 1379 . . . . „ „ 246 11 June, 1379 . . „ 245

July, 1381 . . . . Croxteth Deeds, 2 . . Okill M S S . , 14/324 Sept . , 1381 . . . , „ , , 2 0 Aug., 1382 . . . . Moore Deeds , 251 Dec. , 1382 . . . . „ „ 255 24 June , 1383 „ „ 256 12 Oct. , 1383 . . „ . 2 5 8


M A Y O R .

T h o m a s d e l M o r e



John Ae Hull T h o m a s d e l M o r e





T h o m a s d e l M o r e T h o m a s d e l M o r e

T h o m a s d e l M o r e R o b e r t d e D e r b y R o b e r t d e D e r b y





R o b e r t d e D e r b y R i c h a r d C r o s s e

J o h n d e O s b a l d e s t o n

E L E C T E D 1 8 O C T

1383

1384

1385

1386

1387

1388

1389

1390 ' 3 9 1

1 3 9 2 - 4

1 3 9 5

1396 1397

1 3 9 8

1 3 9 9 1400 1401

1402

' 4 ° 3

1404

1405

1406

1407 1408 1409

1410


Mart . post. S. Luke. Evang millo. cccmo. lxxxmo. t ' t io.

S. Cedde, 7 R. I I . . Pentecost , 8 R. I I Pe te r & Paul , 9 R I I John Bapt . , 10 R. I I

— 10 R I I S. Margaret, 10 R II Trans . S. Thos . , 11 R. I I Na t . V. M., 11 R. I I Nat . Dom. , 11 R . I I Mich. , Arch , 12 R. I I

S. Hil lary, 13 R. I I Inv . S Crucis, 13 R. I I

Purification V. M., 15 R I I

Mary Mag. , 20 R. I I S. Lawrence , 20 R I I S. Mart in , 21 R. I I Simon & Jude , 21 R. I I

Lent , 1 H . I V Con. S. Paul , 2 H . I V . . Mart in in hieme, 3 H . IV Purification V. M., 3 H . I V Pentecost , 4 H . I V Trans . S T h o s , 4 H . I V Nat . J o h n B a p t , 5 H . IV S. Barnabas , 5 H . I V S. Michael , 5 H . I V

S. Thos . , Ap , 7 H . I V . . 2nd Sep. Q u a d , 7 H IV 3rd Sep. Q u a d , 7 H . I V 14 April, 8 H . I V . . Exal t . S Crucis , 8 H. I V Matt . , Ap., 8 H . I V

Trans . S. Thos . , 10 H . IV Nich. , Epi . , 11 H . IV . . Pasche, 11 H . I V T h o s Cant . , 11 H . I V . . S. Hil lary, 12 H . I V Nat . J o h n Bapt . , 12 H . I V Trans . S. T h o s , 12 H . I V

Early Recorded Mayors of Liverpool. A . D . R E F E R E N C E .

Tuesday after Crosse Deeds, 77 . . S. Luke ' s , 1383

Crosse Deeds, 77 . .

March, 1384 Moore Deeds, 259 June , 1385 260 29 June , 1385 Add. MSS. , 32105/414 24 J u n e or 29 Aug., Moore Deeds, 261

1 3 8 6

- 1 3 8 5 - 6 . Add. MSS. , 32105/427 July, 1386 .. Aid. MSS., 32105/411 July, 1387 . . Moore Deeds , 262 Sept. , 1 3 8 7 . . » 263 Chris tmas, 1387 . ,, h 264 Sept., 1 3 8 8 . . » » 267

Jan . , 1390 . . Add. MSS. , 32105/412 May, 1 3 9 0 „ 32105/388

Feb., 1392 Add. MSS. , 32105/426

July, 1396 Croxteth Deeds , 15 Aug., 1396 . . Moore Deeds, 275 July, 1397 . . Croxte th Deeds , 3 28 Oct. , 1397 Moore Deeds, 276

March, 1400 Okill MSS. , 14/326 Jan. , 1401 Moore Deeds , 277 Nov , 1401 Croxteth Deeds , 16 Feb. , 1402 . . Add. MSS. , 32105/507 June , 1403 . . 32105/473 July, 1403 . . 32105/447 June , 1404 . . 32105/450 June , 1404 32105/530 Sept. , 1404 Croxte th Deeds, 18

Dec., 1405 Har l . MSS. , 2042/370b March, 1406 Add. MSS., 32105/461 March, 1406 32105/457 14 April, 1407 32105/443 May, 1407 32105/516 Sept. , 1407 32105/528

July, 1409 Add. MSS.. 32105/53' Dec., 1409 . . Croxte th Deeds , 17 May, 1410 . . Add. MSS., 32105/523 July , 1410 . . 32105/469 Jan. , 1411 . . 32105/460 June , 1411 32105/527 July, 1411 32105/526

N O T E S .

Wil l of W m . Fil Adam.

A pparently locum tenens.

Har l . M S S . , 2042/271 Crosse Deeds, 83.

Hy. IV from 30 Sept., 1399

Crosse Deeds, 92. Har l . MSS-, 2042/370I).

Crosse Deeds , 98. 9 7 -

Okill MSS. , 14/22. Crosse Deeds, 102.

» „ 101. 103.

Crosse Deeds, IIO.

Crosse Deeds , 117.

128 Early Recorded Mayors of Liverpool. M A Y O R .

Rober t de Derby

Rober t de Derby

Rober t de Derby Rober t de Derby

Henry de Mossock

H e n r y de Mossock Rober t de Derby Rober t de Derby Rober t de Caudrey

Rober t de Caudrey

Robert del More

T h u r s t a n de Holcroft

J o h n de Fazake r l ey Rober t del More

Rober t del More Roger de Chernock Hugh de Botehy l l H u g h de Botehyl l

Rober t More . .

Roger de Che rnock

E L E C T E D 1 8 O C T .

1411

1412

J a m e s Hareb ron

Roger de Chernock

1413 1414 1 4 1 5 1416

1417 1418 1419 1420

1421 1422

'423 1424

1425

1426 1427 1428

1429

1430 1431 1432

' 4 3 3

1434-6

1 4 3 7

1438

1 4 3 9

1440

1441


Omn. Sanct . , 13 H . IV . . Con. S. Pau l , 13 H . IV . S. Ambrose, 13 H . I V . .

S. Gregory, 14 H . I V 3rd Sep. Quad . , 14 H . IV Mary Mag. , 1 I I . V 14 Feb . , 2 H . V . .

T h u r s . after S. Luke 's , 4 H. V

S. Andrew, 4 H . V S. Cecilia, 4 H . V S. Bar tho lomew, 6 H . V . . S. Mart in , 7 H . V Phi l ip & James , 8 H . V . . Hi l lary , 8 H . V . . Purification V. M . . 8 H . V S. Martin, 9 H. V Mich., Arch. , 9 H. V

Pasche , 9 H . V

18 May, 2 H . V I . .

Nat . Dom. , 4 H . V I Purification V. M., 4 H . V I 4th Sep. Quad . , 4 H. VI Ascen. Dom , 4 H . VI

Nat . J o h n Bapt . , 6 H . V I 4 Nov. , 7 H . VI S. Gregory, 7 H . V I Decoll . J o h n Bapt . , 8 H . V I S. Gregory, 9 H . VI 8 Oct., 11 H . VI . . Annunc. , 11 H . V I S. Ambrose, 11 H . V I S. James , 12 H . V I 5 Sept. , 13 H . V I . .

10 Aug., 16 H . V I 20 Aug., 16 H . V I

S. Barnabas , 18 H . V I . .

Omn. Sanct . , 20 H . VI . .


A.D.

Nov., 1411 Jan ,1412 April, 1412 . . March, 1413 March, 1413 July, 1414 . . 14 Feb., 1415

Thursday after 18 Oct., 1416

Nov., 1416 Nov., 1416 May, 1418 July, 1419 May, 1420

Jan., 1421 Feb , 1421 July, 1421 Sept., 1421 Easter, 1422

18 May, 1424

Christmas, 1425 Feb , 1426 . March, 1426 May, 1426

June, 1428 . . 4 Nov., 1428 March, 1429 Aug., 1430 . . March, 1431 8 Oct., 1432 . March, 1433 A P r i l . '433 •• July, 1434 . . 5 Sept., 1434

10 Aug., 1438 20 Aug., 1438

June, 1440

R E F E R E N C E .

Add. M S S . 32105/514 32105/446 32105/498 32105/487 32105/529

3 2 I 0 5 / 5 7 4 32105/567

Croxteth Deeds, 5

Moore Deeds, 292 Croxteth Deeds, 6

Harl. MSS. , 2042/368/369 Crosse Deeds, 129 Add. MSS. , 32105/566 Croxteth Deeds, 19 Harl. MSS. , 2042/370 Croxteth Deeds, 7

Crosse Deeds, 128

Moore Deeds, 295 . 326

Add. MSS. , 32105/10 Add. MSS . , 32105/601/655

Moore Deeds, 296 Croxteth Deeds, 21 Add. MSS . , 32105/629 Harl. MSS. , 2042/249^

„ „ 2042/249 Croxteth Deeds, 12

Add. MSS.. 32105/625 32105/607

N O T E S .

Crosse Deeds, 118. Add. MSS. , 32105/451. Crosse Deeds, 120.

Crosse Deeds, 123. H. V from 21 March, 1413.

Okill M S S , 14/26. Harl. MSS. , 2042/370.

[have been Easter, 1421. But if after 21 Mar., this may

Harl . MSS. , 2042/368. H. VI from 1 Sept., 1422.

Crosse Deeds, r -

Harl . MSS. , 2042/369. Add. M S S . , 32105/471/617.

Harl. MSS. , 2042/250 „ „ 2042/249/249^

Croxteth Deeds, 22

Nov., 1441 . .

L

Croxteth Deeds, 13


The names occurring in later deeds, as far as I have noted them, ma)' be appended :—

4 Feb., 23 H. VI (1445), Croxteth Deeds, 23.

Pentecost, 26 H. VI (1448), Moore Deeds, 303.

10 Jan., 27 H. VI (1449), Add. MSS., 32105/605.

July, 32 H. VI (1454), Moore Deeds, 306.

Sept., 39 H. VI (1460), Croxteth Deeds, 14.

20 June, 1 E . IV (1461), Add. MSS., 32105/213.

24 June, 1 E. IV (1461), Ibid., 32105/694.

4 Aug , 1462, Moore Deeds, 316. 4 May, 5 E . IV (1465), Add. MSS.,

32105/478. 10 Aug., 6 E . IV (1466), Ibid.,

32105/695. 20 Aug., 10 E . IV (1470), Okill

MSS., 14/117. 8 Nov , 1 1 E . IV (1471), Add.

MSS., 32105/684. 20 May, 12 E . IV (1472), Crosse

Deeds, 149. 22 Dec., 13 E . IV (1473), Add.

MSS., 32105/729. 4 Jan., 13 E . IV (1474), Moore

Deeds, 320. 24 Oct, 16 E . IV (1476), Ibid..

321. 20 N o v , 19 E . IV (1479), Add.

MSS., 32105/706. Nov., 21 E . IV (1481), Ibid., 32105,

707, 7 17 . 1 2

John More ... 1444

Wm. Gaythirde.. 1447

John More ... 1448

Wm. Gaithyrd... 1453

John Crosse ... 1459

Jas. Harborne ... 1460

n 11 ... 11

Gilbert Mercer... 1461 Jas. Harborne ... 1464

Hugh Harborne.. 1465

Edmund Crosse.. 1469



John Davenport. 1473

a n a

John Crosse ... 1476

Richard Bold 1479

John Davenport.. 1481

All the quota t ions from the Moore and Crosse deeds a re taken from the late Mr. Mor ton ' s t ranscr ip ts , in possession of this Society : those from Add. M S S . from t ranscr ip t s by Mr. W . Far re r , F .S .A. : and those from Croxte th deeds from the Okill MSS. , in possession of the Corpora t ion of Liverpool .

early recorde mayord of s liverpool....for chester wha tht e presen papet doer fos r liverpool . 2...

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