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In th 40 o t t Early Music hpd vt o dmtg omtoot hto pt m pom.om t o o mdv to Boqm t op oo tdd to t pto-, d th 1980 th opt o m

ompd th 19th d v th 20th t-. A t thm t pg h thtohp tw otto d pom.h o hohp o poo p-t, howv, m pomt. h pt- t th o C d Romtm. h mt om whh w dwo kowdg d dtdg o pomgpt dg tht mo tv ddtd th o pod; t dt oto qtt, t o kd. Domt

vd om g dtd dh g, t php mot whv odg md pom who m- p g th 1820, whth pt o Hd, ozt d Bthovw t vg mmo. h odg -qt t vg d omtm tohgpptv o wtt tt d otto, whh v dqt d th dt om pom; dd Dvd om-mtd th owod to h 1864 Violinschule:

I t dt to gg om gmm, t vt mpo to th omptd mhmo vo pg wthot th hp o th ... T p t o t d po [Styl und Vortrag],whh ot mp ovd to omo thoghwod d m mp.1

Hg how 19th-t m t- pd (otwthtdg th mtto d

mgt o th t odg) mmdtv to how dt t to dtd omwtt o o wht m odd k thpt. h tt o th djto ggt tht mho th gg d to d m pomovd qt dt thg to tho who og-

wot d d t th t do to . It hokm who h odg o ozt th ptC Rk (18241910), gdd h otm-po gd o g tdto o oztpom, to thk tht h ppoh, tt to th mod t, m p pv mpo-tt t o th ompo ow pt.2 Shodg o mjo 19th-t m, jd-o mpod, v kd o Rott Stoo okg pt o th domt mttht wod othw m gmt to .

I om w th oop o omto otC d Romt pt povd embarrassde richesse. It pt dmm o thd m pom (whth th t ogzth o ot) wh th tk th wok o Hd,ozt d Bthov, o v mo o tho odoh, Shm d Bhm, o htotmt. h t tht h td dgth pt h-t o pomg ptodpd o tv t o, vg wdd o pto. Bt wth t pto, ovo

dp tw otmpo pomgpt (oth o mod d pod tmt)d th hto vd om p.

Som thd mod pom d thm k to go hto vd o th godtht w hod tvt otmpo t o p-omg od pto, hvg o ogto to p-ptt o -t th pt o th pt; t th

Cv Bow

Rdovg th gg o C d Romtpom

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Early Music February 2013 73

m mto to th o ototht dg m o wth otodt to th ottd tt d t pom mk-g ( th dtd thm) th dhg th podt o g wht ommo d to thompo tto. h mgdd v o thp mg o th otto t pg

to, oth mog mod d pod pom.A w dvto oo pmttd mod- pom. Pomt mog th ot-o vto, whh o t mto good to, ot tmpo omt. I tpod pom, ott, oto vto ow g vodd (pt th o g-), thogh t to h t mpod gomt m. Potmto ommo hd mod pom, pd hgov om thmd-20th-t t o pg, t pod

pom, wh th h vt o tp mpod t 18th- d 19th-t m popog. Ad v w poo m, thmod o pod, hv g o to pmtwth -ottd hthm dom d t,tmpo kod pggto, ot-mt tmpoto, o t do d tddo wth dmt ott tmpo, o whh w t-g to C d Romt pt, d hd o odg.

h poo wod t g th to th

gd o th om o th 20th t whomt jtd th dom o th pd-o, tgmtzg thm mtd , dthd th oto tht pt o th ompoopto otd dhg o to th tmg o th otto. h tttd d, mog oththg, to th vto o Utt p todto ottd mpott 19th- d 20th-t dto, whh t m ot ov mhmo ot th w whh ompo ptd toh th wok.3 A Utt m w mod th om-

po tto o th notation, t to mk voto tw th d th ompo ttoo th perormance o. o Bthov,doh o Bhm, th otto d mm mg tht hv od wthth pg o tm. h, o t, d oto q gth w ot tdd o thompo to pomd po v, d

oghot ptt h dottd qvmqvw ot tdd to pomd t wtt,o w th tohp tw mod d omp-mt tdd to od th ttjkt o thottd o.

Ovwhmg hto vd mk t thtompo ptd k pom to t th

otto w tht w govd w-dtoodovto d to mpo g o pv p-t tht, thogh -ottd, w t pto th opto. h ovto t v om h o jzz d pop m, wh thotto, t t, q pttv o thm opto. Compo w w w thtotto too to mod th o tv pom, d thw o ptto tht th m tmpo pthod mpod th m w h tm p

w pomd. So w mght th tk ot th om-po tto o th otto d ptto ot tv zto. hoghot th C dRomt pod, mo o t pomo th kd w g h tod, ovg thot v, pth, dm d tmpo tm, wgdd m tg o th od to mt; thm o v gtd m w to dtd dgv to th m mg hd th otto.h ovd Hmm dtto h1828Anweisung zum Piano-Forte-Spiel, d Spoh

h 1833 Violinschule, tw ot d tpom. Both tho ttmptd to p th d-tto, t od k m oth thot tht t o pop dtood thogh hg p-om gt m.

h gowg od o ho wtg ot t 18th-d 19th-t pt h t hd mtd mpto otmpo pom. Pod pom hvdoptd w domtd pt, ot ptw, t gt oth, whh t to dpt thom th om o mod tt. o om tt th

t o ho wtg t po o oommto. kg oto tw mpt d dm tt, omtm otdto,d vt ohd d d toho gg, ot o poom. Ad th th th qto o p dt po to th pom d odg tht th vhood. ttd m, p

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74 Early Music February 2013

og pom, tgd d tmtd th pot ht t o pom thtgv thm th to d hthm, pggthod, mpo do to h do, pv potmto, d hot o oth w-domtd pv gt d pt tto th m gg o C d Romt

m. Wth ogmt th ot td topmt; t p pom o odg t ogo w dw k om mpmtgthm, pt th mot tttv m.4 h ,php, tht th mpomt o hto ptm mp tk t to hv th ,hthm gmtd t o pom tht oo vd to t th ompo tto.

Chg o otook d tt, dg to hg pomg t, o gd m th do v o , t oo th pod

o mo pd d d hg. I v w oth vg o h tomto. Wokg t-to wth og m ovto dwth m o poo m to po dpmt wth th mpto o hto vdo C d Romt pom h ovdm tht th gowg d tmt tg to o dtdg o th pttht td ot to t pom. hwght o phd vd ow mk t tto m tht th 20th-t opt o dt to th

ompo tto pt hto o m- tth mg . A hth t o pom dpd o od vtgtod mpmtto o th tmpo pt tht hd th otto.

O gt ht o m o ogop th td t poto t o jod;d gttg od, d mog th og tm g to gdd ot, tg omp vt. h dotd tm pt omth ott ptto o mtd pto pdt- w. h pod pom movmt h pd

vt pt vvg m wok, t t oto hv mtd dqt ommtotw hohp d pom, ott opoo tm, th g o th odg tdod th dtd t o thd m- to d tt mod th hd-wo k. h g gto o pom o othmod d pod tmt, howv, dqtog th tt o t pt; d th ogg g tht o ovto ggto ogz d m ppoh d o o

ggmt wth th hto vd. d to d w w to ommt

wth th p. O o th mght thogh thmdm o odg, php og mtp voo th m pom o g d to mt thpott d vt o v m-mkg. h go gmtd pom ov d th opto o gt m mt ow -td wtht t t to t q-mpovto oot. I - m to g t t g, mmt gg mo ogo wth th hto v-

d, qt to d tw th o th o.O th w th pt th m o h-, t d tmt tht C d Romtompo ptd th otto to ov to kpom d, thogh thm, to th t.

Clive Brown is Proessor o Applied Musicology at the University o Leeds. His research interestsinclude Classical and Romantic perorming practice, historical violin playing, scholarly editing, 18th-and 19th-century German music, early Romantic opera, and the music o Eberl, Beethoven, Spohr,Mendelssohn, David, Brahms and Elgar.J.C.A.Bow@d..k

1 dd Dvd, Violinschule(Lpzg [1864]), Vowot (.p.).

2 T d oth pt o 19th-tpm hv tg vtgtd N. P D Cot, Of the record:perorming practices in Romanticpiano playing(Ood, 2012). Tmpto o Rk odgo mod ozt pom

o odd C. Bow, Rdgtw th : th otto dpom o ozt hm mwth kod, Mozarts chambermusic with keyboard, d. . How(Cmdg, 2012), pp.23564 (thmg wod th ft t o mhpt w pt th f poo!).o g td o tg-pg

pt th pod D. om,Teory and practice in late nineteenth-century violin perormance (Adhot,2003), d G. Kw, Playing thecello (othomg).

3 Stg dto o th kd hv otd d vtd o th AHRC-dd wt www.Ch.d..k

4 T w w kow to whom I .

mailto:J.C.A.Brown@leeds.ac.ukhttp://www.chase.leeds.ac.uk/http://www.chase.leeds.ac.uk/mailto:J.C.A.Brown@leeds.ac.uk