early language and literacy - healthy start epic · early language and literacy november 17, 2015...
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Early Language and Literacy November 17, 2015
Aidan Bohlander, LICSW
Zero to Three Mission Statement
Our mission
is to ensure
that all babies
and toddlers
have a strong
start in life
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About Zero to Three
Supports
Trains
Informs
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Our History
Founded by leading researchers, clinicians, and thinkers in
the study of infancy and the early years, ZERO TO THREE
is the foremost thought and practice leader in the field of
early childhood development.
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Levers for Change
Objectives
• Understanding early language and literacy
development
• Supporting language and literacy
development for very young children
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HS Benchmark
Increase the proportion of Healthy Start
participants that read daily to a Healthy Start
child between the ages of 0-24 months to 50%.
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Early Literacy
“…the
knowledge, skills,
and dispositions
that precede
learning to read
and write in the
primary grades
(K-3).”
(Roskos, Christie, & Richgels, 2003)
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Why Begin With Infants?
• Brain Development
• Narrative
• Communication and Language
• Social-Emotional Development
• Culture
• Appreciation for Print and Pleasure in Reading
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Our Current
Understanding of
Early Language and
Literacy
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Although most
children learn to
read and write,
many still do not
learn to read and
write well enough
to get along in our
complex world of
communication and
technology.
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What Research Tells Us…
The National Institute of Child Health and Development
(NICHD) Early Child Care Research Network1
The National Adult Literacy Survey2
A longitudinal study of Head Start preschoolers3
Studies conducted by the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University4
1 National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) Early Child Care Research Network. 2 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. (1993). National adult literacy survey. Washington, D.C. 3 Storch, S. A., & Whitehurst, G. J. (2002). Oral language and code-related precursors to reading: Evidence from a longitudinal structural model. Developmental
Psychology, 38, 934–947. 4 National Scientific Council, Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2007).
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The Emerging Language Gap
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• Poorest children
hearing 13 million fewer
words than children in
middle socio-economic
group
• 32 million fewer words
than children in highest
socio-economic group .
• Parents in the lowest
socio-economic group
exhibited using fewer
vocabulary words than
the children in the
highest socio-economic
group.
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ECONOMICALLY ADVANTAGED CHllDREN KNOW
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ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED CHllOREN KNOW
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The “Snow Ball Effect”
“Skill begets skill. Motivation begets motivation. If a child is not motivated and stimulated to learn and engage early
on in life, the more likely it is that when the child
becomes an adult, (he/she) will fail in social and
economic life.”
~ James J. Heckman, Nobel-Prize Winning
Economist
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Benefits are especially
strong for our most
vulnerable children—
the youngest and
those who live in high
risk environments.
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Early Literacy Development
• Happens over time, in conjunction with the
development of our senses.
• Guided by the experiences we have with our
environment, mediated by relationships.
• Early literacy skills are encouraged by a rich
language and literacy environment.
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Human Brain Development
Synapse Formation Dependent on Early Experiences
FIRST YEAR
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Birth (Months) (Years)
Sensory Pathways (Vision, Hearing)
Language Higher Cognitive Function
Source: C. Nelson (2000)
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Relationships Relationships Relationships
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Experiences Shape Brain
Development
=
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iLabs, University of Washington
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Literacy: A Whole Brain Experience
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Early Language and Literacy Skills
• Vocabulary
• Meaning making
• Phonological awareness
• Pragmatics
• Syntax
• Book Handling/Function
of Books
• Print Awareness/Letter
Knowledge
• Writing Copyright © 2015 ZERO TO THREE
Vocabulary
Words used for
spoken and written
expression
Expose children through
spoken and written
materials to varied
vocabulary
Follow child’s interests
and emphasize those
words
Notice and name items in
environment
Use books and stories to
extend children’s vocab
beyond their experiences
Use home language Copyright © 2015 ZERO TO THREE
Meaning Making
Being able to
understand and
interpret words and
stories in context
Treat children as
partners in
conversation
Use conversations
and stories to help
children understand
their world
Link new
experiences to
previous
experiences
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Phonological Awareness
Discriminates and
differentiates the
sounds of language
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Interactive vocal
play (alliteration,
rhyming, rhythm)
Use words, sounds,
stories in home
language
Encourage children
to find patterns in
sounds and words
Introduce letter-
sound, sound-letter
relationships
Repetition
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Pragmatics
Uses verbal and
nonverbal
communication
appropriate to
context
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Support children’s varied verbal and
non-verbal
communication of
needs, thoughts,
intentions
State your
understanding of the
child’s messages Model
strategies/language
to use in social
interactions
Syntax
Uses speech that
increasingly follows
the rules of language
Respond in ways
that acknowledge
meaning, versus
focusing on
correction of speech
Practice the back-
and-forth of speech
Explore home
culture of speech
with
parents/caregivers
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Copyright © 2015 ZERO TO THREE
Book Handling/Function of Books
Awareness of
components,
sequence of using
book. Understand
books convey
meaning.
Let infants/toddlers
explore books in
their own way
Identify children’s
interests and show
books as a way to
find information
Identify components
of book/orientation
of books
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Copyright © 2015 ZERO TO THREE
Writing
Using written letters
or letter-like symbols
to convey meaning.
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Create safe writing
spaces (ok if things
get messy)
Ask child to tell you
a story, while you
write it down and
then tell it back to
them
Give children
opportunity to “read” back what they have
written
Types of Early Literacy Interventions
Code-focused
Shared-reading
Parent and home programs
Pre-school/Kindergarten programs
Language-enhancement
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Importance of Family Engagement
Early print exposure
linked to better
reading later
Early parental
nurturance predicts
later reading
achievement
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Reading Together
Take Picture Walks
Bring Energy and
Drama Into Reading
Read Title and Make
Predictions
Point to Words on
Page
Ask Questions After
Reading Book Copyright © 2015 ZERO TO THREE
Creating Culture of Family Literacy
What Is Their Child
Interested In
Materials/Stories in
Home Languages
Book/Story
Characters in Office
Lending Library
Ongoing Check-Ins
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MYflHS ABOUT YOUNG CHILDREN AND SCREEN MEDIA Debunking common misconceptions about the impact of screen use on babies and toddlers
i zERO ~rTJ&E'
Screen Sense
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Copyright © 2015 ZERO TO THREE