early civilizations
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Early Civilizations. Agricultural vs. Nomadic. Most of the early civilizations were either agricultural or nomadic Agricultural civilizations would stay in one area and grow and harvest plants and domesticate animals - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Early Civilizations
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Agricultural vs. Nomadic
Most of the early civilizations were either agricultural or nomadic Agricultural civilizations would stay in one
area and grow and harvest plants and domesticate animals
Nomadic civilizations would follow herds of animals to hunt and would also gather wild fruits and grains. (60 or less people)
In order to be considered a civilization, a group of people must have division of labor and formal political units (Most also have a system of writing)
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Early Civilizations
http://salenacastro7.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/cuneiform.jpg
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Tigris/Euphrates Civilization
http://www.glogster.com/media/3/7/20/80/7208071.jpg
http://www.sitesatlas.com/Maps/Maps/MEast-pol.gif
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Tigris/Euphrates Civilization
Known as Mesopotamia Includes:
Sumerians (Iraq and Iran) Babylonians (Kuwait, Iraq, Iran and Syria) Phoenicians (Syria) Israel
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Tigris/Euphrates Civilization
Sumerians Developed cuneiform (Wedge writing using reeds) Was an agricultural society Developed System of numbers using units of 10, 60
and 360 Developed ziggurats to be used as temples Believed in a “divine force” that worked through
nature. Made up of city-states ruled by a king (usually a
military leader) Used silver as currency Taken over by then Akkadians and then the
Babylonians
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Tigris/Euphrates Civilization
Babylonians King Hammurabi instituted the Hammurabi Code
Laws were based on a precedent from previous cases Were engraved on Stone Slabs
Conquered Israel Conquered by the Assyrians
http://www.uncp.edu
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Tigris/Euphrates Civilization
Phoenicians Were focused with trade on the
Mediterranean Traded wood, slaves, glass and Tyrian Purple
(made from sea snails Simplified alphabet
Only 22 letters Set up a number of colonies including
Carthage
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Tigris/Euphrates Civilization
Israel Monotheistic
One of the most influential religions Made up of twelve nomadic tribes that
eventually conquered and settled into the region that they now inhabit
Conquered by a number of empires Babylon and Rome
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Egyptian Civilization Focused around the Nile River
Lower Egypt in North and Upper Egypt in South Pyramids to entomb their pharaohs Extensive gold use Mummified their dead Hieroglyphics- Picture writing Contributions:
Advanced mathematics 24 hour day
http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/
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http://cache2.artprintimages.com
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Chinese Civilizations
Developed around the Huanghe (Yellow) River
Developed in almost total isolation Traded some with India and the Middle East Ruled by the Shang Dynasty Contribution
Ideographic symbols Iron working using coal