early chinese art philosophy permeates fine art…

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Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…..

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Page 1: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Early Chinese Art

Philosophy permeates fine art…..

Page 2: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

China has size of Europe

Most populated country

Many languages & ethnic groups

Ruled by dynasties

Page 3: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Neolithic pottery cultures existed in China

Yangshao culture

5000 BCE

Advanced pottery techniques with kiln, wheel, and glazing

Markings may be early writing

Neolithic Art in China

Page 4: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Liangzhu culture, half human, half animal images over 5000 years old

CONG was used in burials and found in ancient tombs

Sophisticated jade carving techniques

Jade is very hard and difficult to carve

Image of face is often called a TAOTIE.

CONGS were used in Neolithic Chinese tombs….

Page 5: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Bronze Age - Piece Mold Casting & Lost Wax

bronze bells from the Zhou dynasty, 433 BCE

•Three bronze age Dynasties,: Xia, Shang, Zhou

•Zhou dynasty was a feudal society (took over warrior society of Shang)

•Bells sounded 2 tones, scale in a variety of registers

•Philosophers arose during this age - Confucius, Laozi, Mozi

Page 6: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Emperor Shih Huangdi, 210 BCE

• 1st ruler of united China - Hin/Qin dynasty

• Codified written Chinese

• Established uniform currency

• Started famous Great Wall of China

• Began his majestic tomb (SOLDIERS)

• Insisted on govt based on accomplishments rather than family connections

Page 7: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Soldiers (Army of Emp. Shi Huangdi, terra cotta, c 210 BCE, Qin Dynasty)

Flashcard

•Discovered in 1974

•6’ tall soliders

•8000 warriors, 100 chariots, 2 bronze chariots, 30,000 weapons

•Tomb of 1st Emperor of China

•Shi Huangdi

•Daoism shown in individuality of shoulders despite numbers

•Chinese army marching into the next world.

Page 8: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Soldiers (Army of Emp. Shi Huangdi, terra cotta, c 210 BCE, Qin Dynasty)

•Soldiers were originally painted

Page 9: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

HAN DYNASTY 206 BCE - 220 CE

END OF MYTHOCENTRIC AGE

Silk road was operational

Painted banner from the Han Dynasty, 160 BCE

Painted on silk, in tomb of Marquess of Dai

3 levels: heaven, earth & underworld

Heaven top of the T: dragons, deity with long serpent’s tail

Earth bottom part of T with deceased woman and attendants

Underworld is below

Reflects mythical beliefs later displaced by daoism confucioniam and buddhism

Page 10: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Chinese sculpture produced large scale sculptures such as the terra cotta army of Shi Huangdi, the Seated Buddha at Shanxi (cave) and this Seated Guanvin Bodhisattva.

Buddhist philosophy was incorporated into neo-confucianism, with respect for nature, harmony, and metaphysical beliefs.

Seated Guanvin Bodhisattva, wood with paint & gold, 95” x 65”, Liao dynasty 10-th-12th century CE

Page 11: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Seated Buddha, Stone carving, 45’ tall, 460 CE. flashcard

Shows Indian/Central Asian Buddhist iconography with large shoulders + slender body, lotus position, long ears, ushnishu, and peaceful smile.

Page 12: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Camel Carrying a Group of Musicians, flashcard

Tang Dynasty, 8th century CE

Earthenware w/ 3 color glaze, 26” high

China had control over Central Asia again during Tang dynasty

Fascination w/Turkic cultures .. Shows Turkish musicans with Han Chinese

Naturalism - new interest and trend in painting & sculpture

Beautiful 3 color glazes, spontaneous

Silk Road was flourishing, brought Chinese goods to West

Neoconfucianism= naturalism

Page 13: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Chinese Pagodas•Pagodas developed from Buddhist stupas; the design was brought from India via the Silk Road

•Built for sacred purpose, each design is repeated vertically on each level, getting progressively smaller.

•Japanese also developed pagodas

Page 14: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Great Wild Goose Pagoda

flashcard

Ci’en Temple, Xi’an

Tang dynasty, 645 CE

Typical Chinese Buddhist pagoda

About 210’ tall (was taller, rebuilt during Ming dynasty after earthquake)

Page 15: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Forbidden City - flashcard, Beijing, China, Ming Dynasty (14th century), Hall of Supreme Harmony. Balance & symmetry, tradition Courtyard style emphasizing empty space with crowded spaces. Reflects Confucianism. Courtyard styles. Only royalty could enter-walled city 9000 buildings.

Page 16: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Forbidden City - Yellow roof tiles reserved for royalty. Red also royal color.

Dragon symbols appear.

Rooftops supported by duogang, used for Imperial buildings.

Today this is a museum and tourist attraction.

Page 17: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

More about typical Chinese architecture…

• Exterior walls of a courtyard style residence

• Frame an atrium for tranquility- Elders live in suite of rooms on warmer north end

• Children leave in the wings

• Courtyard on larger scale in Forbidden City

• Wood structures, rectangular gride

• CONFUCIANISM

Page 18: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

CALLIGRAPHY

•Chinese calligraphy considered the highest art form.

•Calligraphers have different styles and spend years perfecting the techniques.

•Children learned to write first by copying ideographs

•Confucius praised pursuit of knowledge & the arts; painting was to reflect moral concerns and calligraphy revealed the character of the writer

•Some calligraphy cannot be read by modern Chinese readers, it is so artistically done

•Literati - Confucian scholars- practiced this art form

•Hand scrolls (Paintings) often have a label in calligraphy in the colophon section.

Page 19: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Portion of a letter by Wang Xizhi

Six Dynasties period,

mid 4th century CE

Feng Ju style -

‘walking” or semi cursive style fluid & graceful strokes, not too informal, but dynamic

Page 20: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Chinese Painting Traditions

• Fans, album leaves, and murals • Handscrolls on silk or cotton with dowels (meant

to be unrolled and enjoyed, not hung on wall).. Read right to left.

• Colophon - write comments or poetry• Hanging scrolls with main scene on front and title

on top back• Same brushes used for painting & calligraphy

Page 21: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Knight Shining White, Tang Dynasty, 750 CE

• Original handscroll was about 12” wide• Now several feet with all enthusiastic descriptions, comments, poetry from readers• “Du Hua” to literally, READ a painting as a form of appreciation• Painters were highly valued; some Emperors becamse noted calligraphers and painters• Studied under appreentice ship system

Page 22: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Knight Shining White, Tang Dynasty, 750 CE

• The discipline required derived from calligraphy.

• Traditionally, every literate person learned to write by copying Chinese ideographs.

• Then gradually exposed to different stylistic interpretations of these characters.

• Copied great calligraphers' manuscripts, which were often preserved on carved stones so that rubbings could be made.

•Aim of traditional painter was to capture not outer appearance but inner lenergy, apsirit. “DRAGON STEED”

•Rejected color or too much background info

•Pure line to define form, no opaque pigmanets “white painting”

Page 23: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Detail of Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk, example of a Handscroll, ink & colors, Northern Song Dynasty, early 12th century.. Shows Confucian virtues- copy “honoring” original (lost) from Tang Dynasty

Page 24: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

•Landscape paintings highly prized in Chinese art.

•Do not represent a particular forest, mountain, or view, but an artistic construct yielding a philosophical idea

•Some parts of painting are empty & barren, others are crowded.. Yin/Yang of Daoism aka Taoism

•This is an example of the empty space contrasted with calligraphy and densely detailed drawing

Page 25: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Travelers Among Mountains and Streams,

Fan Kaun

Northern Song Dynasty, 11th century CE

•Hanging scroll, ink & colors on silk, 6’9” high

•Subtly graded ink tones

•Northern Song: fascination with precision and details as shown here.

Flashcard image - Northern Song painting

Page 26: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Example of Southern Song landscape handscroll…

Section of 12 Views from a Thatched Hut; 13th century CE, Xia Gui.

11” x 7’7” long

Page 27: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Dwelling in the Qinghian Mountains, 1617,

ink on paper, Ming Dynasty

Artist: Dong Qi Chang

Literati painters rejected traditional apprentice system run by the state…to pursue their own unique styles (contra Confucianism)

Dong Qi Chang famous literati painter, influenced by Daoism

Thick paces contrast with open areas - negative space implies clouds

Flashcard

Page 28: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Guan ware vases from the Song dynasty used crackled glazes to emphasize the simple symmetry of the form.

PORCELAIN - a Chinese specialty.

Fine, white clay fired at high temperature; Chinese perfected sophisticated glazing techniques

Page 29: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Jar, Ming dynasty, China

15th Century, 19”high

Xuande mark and period (1426-1435)

Porcelain painted in underglaze blue

Example of fine porcelain ware created during this period

Technically superior, thin walls, glazingflashcard

Page 30: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Korean Art

Crown from 6th century, gold with jade ornaments

Page 31: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Arts of Korea

• Three Kingdoms period saw incredible metalwork - crown

• High fired ceramics

• Buddhist art; introduced to Korea in 4th century

• Slender body, oval face Buddha

Bodhisattva Seated in Mediation, Bronze, 35” high, Three Kingdoms Period (early 7th century)

Page 32: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Seated Shakyamuni Buddha

Hands in bhumisparsha mudra (earth touching gesture of enlightement)

Granite, 11 feet high

Silla period, c 751

Modeled after cave temples of China

Page 33: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Korean artists also developed beautiful hanging silk scrolls, such as this seated willow-branch piece…

Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara

Late 14th century, 62” high

Page 34: Early Chinese Art Philosophy permeates fine art…

Maebveong bottle,

13th century Korea

Celadon ware, 13” high

Bamboo and blossoming plum tree

Pale blue/green glaze over gray stoneware

Koreans learned celadon glazing from Chinese

Classical simplicity

Some incised designs

Not a flashcard but know what celadon ware is.