earlier explorations 1.islam & the spice trade 2.a new player europe marco polo, 1271 expansion...
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Earlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier Explorations1. Islam & the Spice Trade
2. A New Player Europe
Marco Polo, 1271
Expansion becomes a state enterprise monarchs had the authority & the resources.
Better ships.
3.Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet”
A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492
A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492
Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration
Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration
1. Crusades by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.
2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples.
3. Reformation refugees & missionaries
4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue
5. Technological advances
6. Fame and fortune
New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies
Hartman Astrolabe
(1532)
Better Maps
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass
Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator
Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator
School for Navigation, 1419
Museum of Museum of NavigationNavigationin Lisbonin Lisbon
Museum of Museum of NavigationNavigationin Lisbonin Lisbon
Portuguese Maritime Portuguese Maritime EmpireEmpire
Portuguese Maritime Portuguese Maritime EmpireEmpire
1. Exploring the west coast of Africa.
2. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487.
3. Vasco da Gama, 1498.
Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration
Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration
Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First
Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16cEarly 16c
Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First
Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16cEarly 16c
Fernando CortésFernando CortésFernando CortésFernando Cortés
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II
vsvs..
vsvs..
The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma IIThe Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortésCortés
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortésCortés
Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
AtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpa
vsvs..
vsvs..
Slaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar MillSlaves Working in a Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar MillBrazilian Sugar Mill
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet
Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple
Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Explorers Conquistadores
Mission
arie
s
PermanentSettlers
OfficialEuropeanColony!
TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!
TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
The Slave TradeThe Slave TradeThe Slave TradeThe Slave Trade1. Existed in Africa before the
coming of the Europeans.
2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations.
First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.
275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries.
3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.
““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck
““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck
African CaptivesAfrican CaptivesThrown OverboardThrown OverboardAfrican CaptivesAfrican Captives
Thrown OverboardThrown Overboard
European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem
The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem
PeninsularPeninsulareses
PeninsularPeninsulareses CreolesCreolesCreolesCreoles
MestizoMestizoss
MestizoMestizoss
MulattMulattosos
MulattMulattosos
Native IndiansNative IndiansNative IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack SlavesBlack SlavesBlack Slaves
Administration of the Administration of the Spanish Empire in the Spanish Empire in the
New WorldNew World
Administration of the Administration of the Spanish Empire in the Spanish Empire in the
New WorldNew World1. Encomienda
or forced labor.
2. Council of the Indies.
Viceroy.
New Spain and Peru.
3. Papal agreement.
The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic
ChurchChurch
The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic
ChurchChurch
Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral
Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral
Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe
Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe
Spanish Spanish MissionMission Spanish Spanish MissionMission
The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation
The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation
Father Bartolomé de Father Bartolomé de Las CasasLas Casas
Father Bartolomé de Father Bartolomé de Las CasasLas Casas
New Laws --> 1542New Laws --> 1542
New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals
1. Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean.
2. Spain in Asia consolidated its holdings in the Philippines.
3. First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.
Surat in NW India in 1608.
4. Dutch arrive in India in 1595.
Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion
Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion
1. Native populations ravaged by disease.
2. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate.
3. New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”].
4. Deepened colonial rivalries.