e+a p r i c e '97 - tdl

e + A p r i c e '97 e x p e r e n t a l A r c h i t e c t u r e

experiential Architecture | FreierickWilliain Price

A T H E S I S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E

Submitted to the Architecture Faculty of the College of Archrtecture of

Texas Tech University in partial fulfillment for the Degree of

Bachelor of Architecture

committee chair

Programming Instructor - A R C H 4 3 9 5 - Prof. Ftobert Perl

Accepted

Dean, College of Ar)shitActure month, year

experiential Architecture I p r i c • '97

/^RCH rh)^^^

e+A I preface

Architecture and Architectural design affects the awareness of those who

interact within its space. This interaction is the product of receptive individuals silently

perceiving the Architecture of a place. Beyond pragmatics, the attention to the

design of space can transform one's experience of Architecture from a passive

obsenyer, to an active participant. For this phenomena to occur. Architects must be

interested in the shaping of buildings to engage people, and encourage then

investment of their energy to dwell,

Presently, it is commonplace for people to construct buildings that merely

provide shelter and serve the minimal functional needs, These buildings house

vahous forms of businesses with numerous operations while lacking a presence of

spirit, quality, and character that separate building from Architecture. The intention of

this thesis is to demonstrate that Architecture can be made manifest in facilities whose

industry standard and stereotype typically produce indifferent buildings.

expenential Architecture I p r i c e '97

e Aipreface

notes

Steven Holl fronn arc en reve centre d'architeaure's Steven Ho//,published by Artemis; i 993, p25. Charles Moore from an exerpt of the required text for ARChH4000.002 titled Humon Energy, p I I5.

experiential Architecture | p r i c • '97

e+A I table of contents e x p e r i e n t i a l A r c h i t e c t u r e

, 'action page

PREFACE O I

ABSTRACT 0 4

• ARCHITECTURAL THEORY 0 7

CONTEXT 18

FACILITY 3 8

SPACE SUMMARY 5 0

BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 2

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 5 5

e+A abstract

e+A| abstract

Architecture communicates traits of spirit, quality, and character through the experience of its relationship with place, use of color and light, and composition of form.

As people recognize and familiahze with one another through understanding,

the same idea of perception is atthbuted to one's thoughts of objects considered

inanimate. Architecture is dynamic, and is about its inhabitants. From its relationship

with place, use of color and light, and composition of form, those who move through

Architecture, encounter Architecture. One is encountehng in Architecture whole

successions of spatial sequences and relationships of light and vantage points. The

ideas to be explored in this thesis involve the experience(s) formed by Architecture.

Proposed is a manufacturing/distributing facility and corporate headquarters

for Cannondale Bicycles. The facility will house the desired offices and space

needed for the processes of: designing, testing, producing, marketing, sales, and

disthbution of bicycles. It is typical of manufacturers in the bicycle industry to operate

different production departments from separate sites. This creates time wasted

during shipment of products from one site to the next. The proposed facility is an all

inclusive factory & headquarters for Cannondale bicycles. By relocating its

headquarters, research & development departments, manufactuhng & production

outfits, and its storage & distribution facilities to a single site, Cannondale will reduce

the amount of time in which it takes to design and produce bicycles.

The proposed site for this project lies within the Hill Country of Austin, Texas

on the periphery of its urban context.

experiential Architecture I p r i c e '97

e+A I abstract

notes

' Antoine Predock from 7ro//s of the Imagnation, putjlistied by Fine Additions, Inc.: 1995, p9.

experiential Architecture] p r i c • '97

e+A architectural theory

e A|ttieory i s s u e s

Architecture communicates traits of spirit, quality, and character through I'^e

experience of its relationship with place, use of color and light, and composition offy':'^'

The ideas to be explored in this thesis involve the expenence(s) formed by

Architecture. People recognize and familiahze one another through understanding.

The same idea of perception is attnbuted to one's thoughts of objects considered

inanimate. Found in Architecture's dynamics by receptive individuals are a scx lation^

of spirit, quality, and character. The collaboration of color and light, composition of

form, use of matehals, and methods of construction produce the imagery of traits.

For something to be expenential, a person must have some involvement to

a certain extent. Active or passive, that person is a participant by observing,

encountehng, or undergoing something, as it occurs in the course of time.' People's

lives are based upon expehence. Commonly, in every situation, what we do, and

how we respond is determined by past experiences. It is the pnor knowledge gained

from expehence and things learned that provide us with the ability to make

judgments. In Architecture, it is the task of designers to reach the inhabitants with

what is familiar to them, to pepper the comfortable with the surprise that will

maintain their interest and excitement, and open up new insights into the familiar^

In Architecture's relationship with place, one must involve numerous aspects

of the environment to fully and competently relate to that place. To arrive upon any

experiential Architecture! P r i c e '97

eA| theory i s s u e s

place, one must expehence the environment of the final destination. ArCniteCtUrO

and site are phenomenotogically linked.^ The ste ts surrounding areas. and the region where a project is located, are all influential, physical connections t.:>

place. To what depth a building relates itself to its environment, determines its

strength and validity. The real challenge for architecture today is to find ways

to respect local concerns and respond to the local environment, without

giving in to thenn uncritically. Histoncally, every vernacular that was vital

and meaningful was also constantly changing, pushing the limits of what

people knew and expected.

experiential Architecture I p r i c e '97

e+A I theory i s s u e s

^oior and l l jbt

Color and light affect our well-being and are lifesources to humans, animals

and plantlife alike. Plants that are green, "are green because they depend on the

pigment chlorophyll for photosynthesis... [and as colored light acts through the skin,]

the use of blue light to cure infant jaundice has been standard medical practice for

decades." People's interaction with color is affected psychologically and

physiologically. Different colors carry impressions and associations in people through

the charactenstic of each major hue. The proper use of such impressions and

associations of color can only enhance the conditions that correspond to the function

of architectural space. Sunlight possesses a means of interaction for inhabitants

through its ever-changing pattern of light and shadow. The use of light and shadow in

Tadao Ando's work is seen as the provider of a calm, character-forming, restorative

domain wherein the individual may regain a sense of domestic tranquility. Situations

of similar abstract contemplation exist in the courtyard of Luis Barragan's Galvez

House, which creates a gentle atmosphere simply from the components of water,

walls, and light Light is a mediator between space and form. Light

changes expressions with time. I believe that the architectural

materials do not end with wood or concrete that have tangible forms,

but go beyond to include light and wind which appeal to our senses.

-Tadao Ando

experiential Architecture I p r i c e '97 10

efA| theory i s s u e s

^0mnpsiilti of fora

Architectural form is derived from several different realms. Histoncally,

architectural form has been based on the rise and fall of the sun, systems of

proportion, and that which is found in nature. The idea of form being sculptural or

metaphohcal is definitely not new; architects and builders alike have used symbolism

for centuhes. "Form follows function," those familiar to architecture have heard thr

phrase many times. "Form follows budget" is a turn on the phrase once uttered by

Ben Shacklette to add light to a situation of practicality. However one looks at form,

one cannot deny its power in Architecture. It is form after all, that most commonly

affects people's perception of architecture. W h e n a w o r k o f architecture

successfully fuses a building and situation, denotation and connotatiofT

merge; expression is linked to idea which is joined to site.

Recently, form is becoming more prototypical in its relationships in

Architecture. To remain with form that is familiar to people creates a

nonthreatening environment. However, architects are constantly becoming more

expehmental in their use of that which is familiar. The advancements found in

construction through materials and technology allow architects, to an extent, to build

form limited only by the imagination. Such imaginative form can resemble the foims

as the budding of a flower(Disney Concert Hall), or the cascading forms of a hillside

(Guggenheim, Bilbao) found in the work of Frank Gehry.

expenential Architecture] p r i c e '97

e+A I theory i s s u e s

use of materials a methods of constractloi

Soul is essential to architecture. A building stands in mute solitude,

yet receptive individuals silently perceive the soul instilled in the

work. Soul lies in attention to detail distilled in space and

concretized in the love of construction. -Steven Holl

Several different matehals are used in construction everyday. Quality can be

found in the most common of matenals when their application is not taken

haphazardly. This is apparent by the means in which they are installed, treated, and

revealed. Poured-in-place concrete can mimic the character and continue the form

of wood used in a tongue and groove wall displaying the notions of craft and

craftsmanship. Typically people associate a material's worth by its cost, but "any

matehal will become radiant if it is used in the right way."

Practical applications of inexpensive, durable matehals are finding new roles in

contemporary architecture today. Defended by means of contextual ism, materials

are used in new methods of finishing intehors and extenors. The experimental use

of the familiar is of great importance for architecture to remain exciting. It is of this

excitement in Architecture that involves its inhabitants and creates the desire foi

more dynamic space.

experiential Architecture! p r i c e '97

e+A I theory

notes

' Webster's College Dictionary, published by Random House; 1991, p470. ^ Human Energy, pi 15. ^ Steven Holl from Anchoring, published by Princeton Architectural Press; 1991, p9. '' Thomas Fisher from Escape from Style, published by Penton Publishing; 1994, p62. ' Frank Mahnke in Color, Environment, and Human Response, Van Nostrand Remtidd; 1996, pplO. 13. * Color, Environment, and Human Response, pp60-66. ' Kenneth Frampton from Tadao Ando, MoMA 1991, p 10. * Raul Flispa from Ban^agan, the complete works, Princeton Architeaural Press; p 139. ^ Anchaing, p9. '" Masato Kawamukai in Tadao Ando, p 17.

experiential Architecture I p r i c • '97 13

eA| theory p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Architecture's ability to create more qualitative and meaningful space for

people to inhabit is produced by its relationship with place, composition of form,

quality of construction, and use of matehals, color and light. In these abilities,

buildings should relate to their environment- built, natural, psychological, and cultural.

It is the role of Architecture to combine these contexts in such a feshion that what is

built will consist of quality and meaning.

Architecture's ability ui relate ta Its bailt eDvfrenHeit Is fend la direct

and abstract usage of same materials aod fems.

• Limestone will be the prevailing type of masonry used because of rts presence as

a local resource and wide use in construction.

State Capitol Building. Austin, TX. Adams Residence. Austin.TX, Dick Clark Archiecture. Hime Residence. Austin, TX, RTG Achitects. National Wildflower Ftesearch Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

• Metal sheets (corrugated steel, copper, lead, and aluminum) will be used in

different situations of envelope because of its durability and popular usage found

in storage facilities, residences, and public buildings.

Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX, Lake/Flato A-chitects. Hime Residence. Austin, TX, RTG Achitects. National Wildflower Research Center. Austin. TX. Overland Partners.


e+A I theory p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

• The built form will reflect the look of a rustic shed.

Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX, Lake/Flato Architects. National Wildflower Research Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

The naniral enviroameit Is respeuied to by Jlrcbltectnre In means of

cllmadc control and regard m die minimal disturbance of site.

• Ve^tat ion, and transluscent coverings will be used for the reduction of solar

radiation, but will allow for diffused lighting.

Moore/Andersson Compound. Austin, TX, Moore/Andersson Architects. National Wildflower Research Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

• No toleration (subjected to monetary fine) to loss of vegetation from mature

trees to turf grass dunng site construction.

National Wildflower Research Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

• Breeze-ways will be incorporated in the design of the facility to promote

circulation of air.

National Wildflower Research Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners. Moore/Andersson Compound. /Austin, TX. Moore//\ndersson Architects. Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX. Lake/Flato /Vchitects.

experiential Architecture | p r i c • '97 15


Potentially Uirough proxemics and the appropriate use of assocladon bi

color and form. Arcbitecture will respond to die psycboloiical aspects of Its

inlamtants.

• Entrances to primary rooms will be accentuated by form and the use of color as

set off fi-om Its background.

Apple Computer. Austin. TX. Hang Town Grill. Austin, TX, Dick Clark Architecture. Nickelodeon Headquarters. New York. NY, Fernau & Hartman Architects. Bright and Associates. Venice, CA, Franklin D. Israel Design /Associates.

• The provided space for work areas will consist of relaxing shades of color, space

of above "adequate" room to operate within, and natural daylighting.

/\pple Computer. /Austin, TX. Bright and Associates. Venice, CA, Franklin D. Israel Design /Associates. Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio,TX, Lake/Flato Architects. State Capitol Building, Expansion Projea. /Austin, TX

Culturally, Architecture responds witi die fanrillar anU symbolic.

• The built form will reflect the nostalgic look of rustic buildings from the past.

Holt Companies Headquarters. San /Antonio.TX, Lake/Flato /Architects. National WIdflower Research Center. /Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

experiential Architecture! p r i c • '97


The form of the building and its details will associate to its contents.

Chrysler Building. New York,NY, William Van /Allen. Guggenheim Museum. Bilbao, Spain, Frank O. Gehry &/Associates. Holt Companies Headquarters. San /Vitonio.TX, Lake/Flato /Architects State Capitol Building, Expansion. Austin, TX

experiential Architecture! p r i c • '97 17

e+A context

e+A|fenili context I s s . e s

The built context consists of projects that are pnvate and public in nature,

with vehicles ranging from residences, pnvate enterprise, restaurants, civic buildings

and manufacturing plants. These buildings will be responded to from the context.

Architecture's ability to relate to the various structures in its built environment is

found in direct and abstract usage of identical materials and forms. Facilities within

Austin's built context which possess relevance include:

TEXAS STATE CAPfTOL BUILDING 6. EXPANSION PROJECT

The 1992 expansion to the Capitol Building, was a response to the necessity

of more governmental offices. The expansion includes sub-grade design of two

levels of office and departmental structure, as well as two other levels of parking

located below the expansion project. The expansion project utilizes natural lighting

to sub-grade levels through skylights at ground level and through open light wells.

Details incorporated with handrails of the expansion project designate a sense of

place. The underground rotunda's open nature provides an outdoor environnnent.

The State Capitol Building also capitalized on the utilization of Austin's natural

resource of limestone in its construction.

NATIONAL WILDFLOWER RESEARCH CENTER The National Wildflower Research Center's character is South Texas.

Limestone is used throughout the project in conjunction with timber, concrete, and

experiential Architecture! p r i c i '97 19

e AlbMiltcootext s s ,. e s

steel. Sonrie of the research center's forms remind one of Texas rural background,

whereas the research center's combined use of contemporary detailing expresses this

complex's newness. The research center's combination of plaza, water, and shade is

quintessentially South Texan, however the buildings that frcime the central space

transcend regional cliches. Familiar limestone walls, metal roofs, and deep overhangs

have been combined freshly and provocatively.

MOORE/ANDERSSON COMPOUND

Former residences and offices of Charles Moore and Arthur /Vidersson, this

compound's exterior expresses the easy spirit of rural Texas. Contemporary

detailing combined with timber structure, wood and stucco finishes, and metal roofs-

native matenals are characteristic of the local vernacular. Wooden lattices around the

compound's exterior combine the architecture with the vegetation of the site.

Corrugated fiberglass sheets over porches and walkways provide diffused light.

ADAMS RESIDENCE, DICK CLARK ARCHFTECTURE

Using native matehals, and relating the residence through level changes to

meet the site's changing characteristics, the Adams Residence becomes an observer

of the landscape of west Austin's Hill Country. Pitched roof lines accentuate views

from the house east, to the city below, and express the spirit found in the action of a

butterfly spreading its wings. Limestone walls, walks and planters, wocxj and brick

detailing, and concrete forms display permanence in the design. The changing


e+A|liuilt context I S S U V s

features apparent in the outdoor terraces and window conditions show the variations

in movement and function found within the residence.

HIME RESIDENCE, RTG ARCHITECrS

The third floor of the Hime reskJence is a covered, open-air observatory,

existing in the tree tops of the surrounding oak and cedar trees. The finishing

materials, structure, and detailing of the home are charactenstic of what can be

considered contemporary Austin vernacular; limestone walls, columns and archways,

combined with brick detailing, standing-seam aluminum siding, wood finishes and

decks,

DRUESS RESIDENCE, DICK CLARK ARCHrTECTURE

The Druess residence uses contemporary detailing, with native nnatenals.

The residence is finished with limestone and concrete facades with wcxxJ detailing,

and a standing-seam metal roof. Apparent attention is given by retaining the

existence of trees within the site.

HANG TOWN GRILL, DICK CLARK ARCHrTECTURE

Hang Town Grill, a local restaurant chain, provides the idea of non-traditional

fast-food in a sit down atmosphere. This idea is expressed through its /Architecture.

The overall design consists of colorful planes within the space and the use of many

different matehals and shapes. AJI of these aspects keep the customer actively

experiential /Vchitecture | p r i c • '97 21

e+A|bDilt context s s u e s

participating with the designed environment by viewing the changing of details and

situations found around every comer and booth.

APPLE COMPLn^R

One of five facilities in the Austin area, this /\pple Computer division located

on Texas Highway 290 is involved in sales, finance, programming, service and

support. Typical of/Apple's facilities, before occupying the buildings in which they are

now located, Apple bought vacant office buildings and had the floorplans redesigned

to meet their needs. Inside the redesigned facility, entrances to conference rooms,

and different departments are accentuated and brightly colored to better distinguish

them as landmarks to important areas. There are kitchens and mailrooms provided

for each department. These areas are brightly colored to promote activity and keep

the workers sitting stagnate. Individual cubicles are located within the serious

departments around the perimeter of the building. This provides workers with the

most possible natural lighting conditions and views to the exterior of the building.


e+Alliiiit context i s s u e s

notes

' David Dillon in Lady Birds Legacy. p70.

experientialArchiteaure| p r i c t ' 9 7 23

e+A|buiit context p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Prtptsed buildiRis are ta relate ta the ballt caiteKt

• The use of materials will be characteristic of the local vernacular. Druess Ftesidence. /Austin.TX, Dick Clark/Archiecture. Hime Residence. /Austin, TX, RTG Achitects. Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX, Lake/Flato Architects. National Wildflower Research Center. /Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

• Forms will be a reminder of Texas rural background. Hdt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX. Lake/Flato /Architects. Moore//Andersson Compound. /Austin. TX, Moc)re//Andersson /Architects. National \A/ildflower Research Center. /Austin, TX, Overland Partners. State Capitol Building & Expansion Project. /Austin, TX.

• Design details incorporated in the project will designate the function of the place. Chrysler Building. New York.NY, William Van Allen.

Guggenheim Museum. Bilbao, Spain, Frank O. Gehry & Associates.

Holt Companies Headquarters. San /Antonio,TX, Lake/Flato Architects.

State Capitol Building & Expansion Project. /Austin, TX.

• The design of forms will show the variations in movennent and function found within.

72 Market Street Restaurant. Morphosis. /Apple Computer, employee cafeteria. Austin, TX. National WIdflower Research Center. /Austin. TX. Overland Partners.

Hang Town Grill. /Austin, TX, Dick Clark /Architecture.

• Provide lattices around the compound's exterior to combine the architecture with the vegetation of the site.

Moore//Andersson Compound. Acistin, TX, Moore/Andersson Architects. National WIdflower Ftesearch Center. Austin, TX. Overland Partners.


e+A|feuflt context p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

The site most he accessible by vartons Heaas al traaspartaaaB.

• receiving & distribution by means of cargo trucks, rail, air (proximity)

• workers may commute on bicycles

• employees may ride bicycles during lunch breaks for exercise

• actual trails and roads for testing of bicycles may be required


e + Ainitural context

Austin, Texas

Austin's landscape, located within South Central Texas, is typically referred to

as the Hill Country, also present is the terrain, soil, and differing regimes of plants and

animal life of the Blackland Prairie.'

In the Hill Country to the west of Austin the dominant vegetation consists of juniper and various oaks (mainly plateau live oak, shin oak and Spanish oak). Other common trees are Texas mountain laurel and honey mesquite. Native grasses such as little bluestem, Texas grama, and buffalo grass also occur. Flowering plants include a large variety: primrose, sidas, mallows, winecups, flaxes, verbenas, etc. - as well as such xeric plants as prickly pear cactus, and various yuccas. /\nimals include the rock squirrel, scrub jay, and canyon wren.

The Blackland Prairie region- such remnant tracts as are not under cultivation - is primarily grassland with scattered clusters of trees (principally honey mesquite). The dominant prairie grass locally was the little bluestem; other common prairie grasses include big bluestem, sideoats grama, and yellow indian-grass. Many wilcfflowers naturally occur here, such as Texas bluebonnet, Indian paintbrush.winecup. and Engelmann's daisy.

Alluvial terraces, where found throughout the area, have their own distinctive plant assemblages, being generally dominated by oaks, elm and mesquite. Finally,a "bottomland assemblage" may be distinguished on the floodplains of the Colorado BJ\«r and some of its tributary creeks- a riverine environment, with a variety of water-lo\^ng tree types: bald cypress, Cottonwood, willow, sycamore, hackberry, bois d'arc (sometimes called horse apple or osage orange), ash, and pecan.

Austin has a variety of natural features and resources located within

the Hill Country. A natural feature that provides a more dramatic scene is the fault


e+Ainaturol context s s .. e s

zone located along the Colorado River. The Balcones Fault, located within this fault

zone, leads west of town towards Lake Travis. Of this fault zone, one of the highest

points in the city, and largest fault areas is the Mt. Bonnell Fault. Part of Austin's

unique character is provided by its series of lakes along the Colorado River. Lake

Travis is the largest of the Highland Lakes chain, formed by the damming of the

Colorado River. The five other waterways of Highland Lakes are Lake Buchanan,

Inks Lake, Lake L.B.J., Lake Marble Falls, and Lake Austin. With its large system of

greenbelts providing a vast amount of parklands, Austin's built environment doesn't

overshadow its natural environment. The region's abundance of limestone and

numerous quarries supply a local resource whose use in construction contributes to

the character of Austin's built environment.

experiential Architecture | p r I e e '97 27

eAinatnral context i s s u e s

Austin weather fects

Highest recorded temperature: I09°F (July 26,1954)

Lowest recorded temperature: -2°F0an. 31, 1949)

Average temperatures (deg F):

Annual Average 68° January Averages high=59° low ^ 39° July Averages high=95° low=74°

Most 100-degree days: 40 days at or above 100°F (summer 1963)

Most freezing days: 44 days at or below 32°F (winter 1939-40)

Average Relative Humidity:

Annual Average 67% May (max. monthly ave.) 72% August (min. monthly ave.) 64%

Heaviest 24-hour rainfall: 19.03 in. (Sept. 9-10,1921)

Rainiest year: 51.3 in.

Average annual rainfall: 31.9 in.

(Information obtained fromCunran F. Douglass's /Austin Overview)


e+Ainatural context s s u e s

notes

' (Douglass, p.39) ^ .(Douglass, 40) ^ .(Douglass, p. 15)

experiential Architecture! p r I c • '97 29

e+Ainamral context p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Design elements typical to a region should respond to the climatic conditions

of the environment. In these design elements, designers must devekjp methods for

providing comfort to users in indoor and outdoor environments. The environment is

altered by the natural conditions brought about by solar radiation, temperature, air

movement, and humidity. The shading of the sun can be met by such means as the

use of vegetation, covered areas, and high walls. These methods directly affect the

temperature of its adjacent space(s) by reducing and reflecting the heat of the sun. In

the summer, the movement of air provides cooling effects for individuals. Breezes

can be channeled and directed by means of built forms and strategically placed

vegetation, and winds that carry over bodies of water provide even cooler

conditions. It is important to design in response to the changing effects of the sun,

temperature, and prevailing winds in accordance with season. The design in regard

to these changing conditions can result in high efficiency found in a building's

environmental systems.

The huildlngs design elemeats aeed te respairi ta t ie cHaiaac

caniiniaRs ef the envlronmeaL

• Buildings will provide solar shade for the summer nnonths.

• Natural lighting will be utilized in work areas.


eAinatnral context p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

• Buildings' masses are to be constructed in a matter which utilize the sun's

radiation for warming effects.

• Buildings will be constructed in a matter which provide breezeways for air

movement, especially in summer months.

• Buildings' locations will take advantage of desirable views and natural lighting.

Measures need to be taken ta reduce a hulldtais hnpact aa Its

environnient and preserve the character at Its site.

• Little disturbance to the site's vegetation.

• Natural materials excavated or removed in site development will be retained in a

matter which will allow for reuse later in the project.

• Landscaping will consist of vegetation and materials native to the site and region.

Buildings' connection with site will require minimal movement of earth to balance

volumes of cut and filled earth.

experiential Architecture | p r i c e ' 9 7 31

e+Ainsyclioioiical context s s u e s

The Archrtecture of a building and its environment can have psychological

effects on its inhabitants. For the well-being of these users, Architecture can enhance

the quality of the environment through the use of proxemics, color, and materials and

forms, By providing adequate space for its inhabitants, the immediate environment of

an inhabitant can affect one's amount of comfort. The presence of color within the

environment can alter one's state of mind by its particular shade and hue. The

exposure with particular colors can directly affect the moods and productivity by the

characteristics associated with particular colors. It is important to note the that

particular shades of the same color have different connotations. The use of materials

and forms that are common to an inhabitant can create an environment which is

recognizable and familiar.


e+AipsycHological context s s .. e s

notes

" Color, Environment &. Human Response, pp60-66.


e+Ainsyciioioiical context p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Thraugh proxemics and the appropriate ase al assaclattan In calar and

fomi. Architecture will respand ta the psycholailcal aspects af Its Inhahttants.

• Work areas will provide ample space for individuals to operate within.

Speclflc areas will be canprlsed af calan that assaclate ta the character of the task performed. • the colors red and yellow will be used in areas to stimulate activity and

productivity. • Areas that require excitement and stimulation will use the color orange. • In areas where comfort is an issue, earth tones such as brown and neutral green will be utilized. • Blue will be used in areas that require calm atmospheres for comfort and contemplation.

The form af speclflc areas wll resemble the nature af what Is behn perfarmedlnthearea. • Areas of transition will utilize forms which denote nnovement. • Areas for production manufacturing will have open floor plans.


eAiCHltural context i s s u e s

Austin's culture is characterized by the interest in its community, where

people's creative efforts are seen by all. Found in the high volume of businesses in the

field of Technology, Austinites are considered highly technical and well-educated

individuals. Over 60% of its inhabrtants have been to college, and Austin has more

holders of library cards and the highest annual bookstore sales per capita than any

other American city. Austin's diverse culture is apparent its ranking 6th among major

American cities in number of musician's and artists in residence and over 60% of

Austin's jobs are white-collar.^

People associate themselves with what they do for a living and how they

spend their free time. Those who identify themselves and their lifestyle closely with

bicycling are becoming more common in the use of exercise as well as commuting to

work, school, and corner markets. Austin has the reputation as an environmentally

conscience city. The use of bicycles for transportation in Austin is becoming common.

In October 1997, from Austin supplying $5,649, the City Council voted unanimously

to seek a $22,595 grant to purchase bicycle and related equipment for city

employees to use for traveling between governmental buildings. The actual number

of people in Austin who use bicycles is supported by a bicycle market where the

highest percentage of user's age matches that of Austin's highest level age group of

twenty-five to thirty-four.^ Although the actual percentage of those who commute

with bicycles is low (5.2%)^ , that number increases dramatically in a workplace

whose function is to produce bicycles.


Aicultnral context

notes

' Austin Oerv/ew, p205. ^Austin Q/en/iew, p205. ^ Associated Press, 5D. '^ /Advertisement for Diamond Back Bicycles, information from U.S. Census Bureau, BMRI Usage Study 1996. ' Austin Overview, p205. ^ Diamond Back Bicycles.

experiential Architecture j p r I c • '97 36

e Aicultnral context p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Architectural farm will respand te the cultural cantexL

• The forms provided by a design will be recognizable by many cultures in their

internationalism. Chapel on Mt. Rokko. Kobe. Hyogo. Tadao Ando. Chapel for the Capuchinas. Colonia TIalpan, Mexico City. Luis Barragan. Church and Theater on the Water. Tomamu. Hokkaido. Tadao Ando.

• Architecture will on ly incorporate those forms of geometric shapes.

Barragan House & Studio. Colonia Tacubaya, Mexico City, Luis Barragan Chikatsu-Asuka Historical Museum. Minami-Kawachi, Osaka, Tadao Ando. Forrest of Tombs Museum. Kumamoto. Tadao, A\ndo. Galvez House. Colonia San Ajiggl, Mexico City, Luis Barragan. Gilardi House. Colonia San Miguel Chapultepec. Mexico City. Luis Barragan. Kidosaki House. Setagaya. Tokyo. Tadao/\ndo. Koshino House & Studio. Ashiyz Hyogo. Tadao /\ndo.


e-l-A facility

e+A I facility i s s u e s

Form from function is common in the nature of a warehouse or production facility.

Wide open space is crucial for the sizable equipment and amount of rcKDm devoted to storage

of materials and product. As the container of a product can emulate its contents, the idea of a

production facility for bicycles holds a wide range of potential in its Architecture, just as

various types of construction used in building can determine different loads to be supported,

the desired characteristics of a frame for a bicycle can be determined by its use of material.

The traits of frame's material include its strength, in either rigidity or elasticity, and weight.

The same innovativeness that bicycles possess in their design and anthropometrics has equal

relevance to that of Architecture's.

The proposed facility is an all inclusive factory & headquarters for Cannondale bicycles.

Relocating Cannondale's headquarters, research & development departments, production

outfits, and its storage & distribution facilities to a single site, Cannondale will reduce the

amount of time in which it takes to design and produce bicycles. Cannondale will be able to

make its latest products available to the market faster by the increase of efficiency in

production. The uniqueness brought to the bicycle industry by Cannondale lies in the quality

of their bicycle frames whose sole production is in one U.S. factory. Cannondale has the

reputation worldwide as an innovative company and of the cutting edge in the design of

bicycles. The factory & headquarters for Cannondale Bicycles should reflect and enhance

their image as the designers and builders of the best bicycles.

experiential Architecture! p r i c a '97 39

e+A I facility

i s s u e s

In order for a company to truly represent an ideal, they must meet that image in every

aspect of their operations. The idea of Cannondale's present headquarters location in a

building that is reminiscent of old American craftsmanship has its novelty, but is contradictory

to their image of being on the forefront of bicycle design. Though most bicycle companies

work in similar barn or warehouse structures, to truly convey the image as the leader of the

industry. Architecture will lead to a functional facility that portrays the ideals a company is

recognized with.

There are two separate but primary entities of the proposed complex which must be

met in the housing of the corporate offices and production facility. The primary functions of

the corporate offices include: Human Resources, Finance, Production Management, Research

& Development, Purchasing, Marketing, Inside Sales and Information Technology. The

primary functions of the Production facility include: Receiving. Production, Assembly and

Storage.

experiential Architecture! p r i c e '97 40

e+A I facility p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Departments need ta he accessible to ane anather.

• AJI office departments will operate via computer networking. Apple Computer. /Austin. TX.

• Departments that operate together will be adjacent to one another. Apple Computer. Austin, TX. Nickelodeon Headquarters. New York, NY, Fernau & Hartman /Vchrtects.

• Departments that operate together will be within visible distance from one another.

/Vpple Computer. /\ustin, TX.

Nickelodeon Headquarters. New York, NY, Fernau & Hartman Architects.

• Main conference rooms will be located between each department division.

• Lounge areas will allow for informal mixing among departmental personnel.

Apple Computer. Austin, TX.

Nickelodeon Headquarters. New York, NY, Fernau & Hartman Architects.

DMslens within the cnmplex wlli have their awn character.

• Use of materials will differ from one department to the next.

Bright and Associates. Venice, CA, Franklin D. Israel Design /Sssociates Leon Max. Morphosis.

• Use of forms will differ from one department to the next. 72 Market Street Restaurant. Morphosis. Aypple Computer. Austin, TX. Bright and Associates. Venice, CA, Franklin D. Israel Design /Vssociates Gddberg-Bean House. Hollywood, CA Franklin D. Israel Design Associates


e+A I facility p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

• Names of conference rooms will be based on common themes in different

departments.

Apple Computer. Austin, TX.

The complex's nature wlH relate to what It praduces

• The design of the facility will reflect the nature of rts product.

Chrysler Building. New York, NY, William Van Alien. Guggenheim Museum. Bilbao, Spain, Frank O. Gehry & Associates. Chapel on Mt. Rokko. Kobe, Hyogo. Tadao AJXJO. Chapel for the Capuchinas. Colonia TIalpan, Mexico Crty, Luis Barragan. Chikatsu-Asuka Historical Museum. Minami-Kawachi, Osaka. Tadao Ando.


e+A I facility s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a i v s s

carporate iieadauaiters

HUMAN RESOURCES 2 I 6SF

Looking after the compan/s best interest and well being, the Human

Resources department is comprised of six people. Involved with such tasks as public

relations and taking care of affairs within the company.

FINANCE I 0 8 S F

Responsible for receiving money on the accounts of individual bicycle dealers,

Cannondale's Finance department operates on a staff of three people.

PRODUCT MANAGEMEKT I AASF

It is the job of the Product Management to setup and maintain the schedules

of production. Cannondale produces its bicycles based on the pre-season sales of its

product. Producing it bicycles in runs of same sizes and frame models, allows the

most efficient means of cutting tubing and production. Four staff members

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 8 0 0 S F

Research & Development tests and improves upon the integrity of all

Cannondale's product from the stages of prototype to finished product. Trouble


e+A I facility s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a l y s i s

shooters for Cannondale, the R&D staff provide technical support to its bicycle

retailers. Five staff members.

PURCHASING I AASF

The Purchasing Department is responsible for the monitoring of the spending

of Cannondale's money. This department places the orders for all materials and

equipment needed for the whole company. Four staff members

MARKETING 1 A4sF

Cannondale's advertising campaigns and graphics for their products are the

responsibility of its marketing department, also produced is the design of all

brochures, videos, and Cannondale merchandise. Four staff members

INSIDE SALES 2 I 6SF

The Inside Sales department is the means of contact for all of Cannondale's

retailers with the company. Staffed by six people, each inside sales representative is

responsible for

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2 5 2 S F

The department responsible for the actual design of Cannondale's frames.

Information Technology produces its frame designs three dimensionally in the


e+A I facility

s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a l y s i s

computer, and calculates the dimensions for the individual tubing used for a bicycle's

frame. The particular tubes are then precision cut by laser technology to provide less

waste of materials in the process of frame design. Seven staff members

In addition to the departmental offices, a lunch room and exercise rcom is to

be included in the program for the facility.

corporate iieadauarters

CONFERENCE ROOM LUNCHROOM EXERCISE ROOM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INSIDE SALES MARKETING PURCHASING RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENTT PRODUCT MANAGEMENT FINANCE HUMAN RESOURCES

comploto usabioxi 3 grossxi 2

I68SF 2 I6SF 260SF 2 lOSF 1 80SF 1 20SF 1 20SF

600SF 1 20SF 90SF

1 80SF

22645.1. 2943s.f. 3532s.f


e+A! facility s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a l y s i s

production facility

RECEIVING GAOSF

Receiving is responsible for the inventory of all the matenals and components

that are shipped to Cannondale for the assemblage of bicycles. This department is

also responsible for the care of storing the materials between stages of cutting and

welding.

TUBE CmTlNG 5 9 4 S F

Aluminum tubing is brought here to be cut into the individual tubes for the

welding of frames. Tubes are set within the guides of the laser cutting machinery,

and finished tubes are then stored for the process of welding.

WELDING 6 0 0 S F

Fifteen welders take the cut tubing within their frame-jigs and begin the

process of welding Cannondale frames. These frames consist of three separate

qualities of frames, and nine different frame styles. After a frame is welded and

checked for its alignment, a Cannondale frame wouldn't be complete before the

welds are filed smooth.


e+A I facility s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a l y s i s

FRAME FINISHING 7 6 0 S F

Involved in the finishing of frames is the method of erther painting or polishing

of aluminum frames, adding its graphic details, and then applying a clear coat finish to

seal the work. This process is most efficiently processed in two separate stations by

different workers. Fourteen staff members

painting/polishing the frame four pointers application of graphics ten staff members application of dearcoat same four painters

BICYCLE ASSEMBLY 4 3 2 S F

As frames are ready for assembly, all of a bicycles componentry is installed on

the frame of the bicycle, and fixed to its packaging materials. After all of a bicycles

components are installed, the frames are wrapped in protective foam and packaged

for storage. Twelve staff members prepare bicycles for shipment. Cannondale's

bicycle assemblers each have their own work station with full

STORAGE 8 0 0 S F

The storage for bicycles and frame sto be shipped is not as large as one may

think be cause of Cannondale's scheduling of production. Very seldom does the

storage area sit at maximum capacity.

experiential Architecture! p r i c t '97 47

s p a t i a l a n d

e+Ajfaclity a c t i v i t y a n a l y s

production facility

RECEIVING TUBE c i r r n N G WELDING FRAME FINISHING BICYCLE ASSEMBLY STORAGE

comploto usaliloxi.3 gross X 1.2

640SF 594SF 600SF 760SF 432SF 800SF

31l6S.f. 4142s.f. 4970s.f.


ex periential Architecture j rOlatiOnSlilP Of SPOCOSfOr fldjaOOnClOS OOd SBt|IOriti (III

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

Human Resources

Finance

Product Management

Research & Development

Purchasing

Marketing

Inside Sales

Information Technology

Credit

Human Resources

Finance

Product Management

Research & Development

Purchasing

Marketing

Inside Sales

Information Technology

Credit

MANUFACTURING/PRODUCTION

Receiving

Production

Assembly

Storage

Distribution

Receiving

Production

Assembly

Storage

Distribution

49

e+A space summary

e+Ajspaco summary

corporate hoadauartors CONFERENCE ROOM LUNCHROOM EXERCISE ROOM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INSIDE SALES MARKETING PURCHASING RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PRODUCT MANAGEMENT FINANCE HUMAN RESOURCES

complete usable X 1.3 gross X 1.2

production facility RECEIVING TUBE CUTTING WELDING FRAME FINISHING BICYCLE ASSEMBLY STORAGE

complete usable X 1.3 gross X 1.2

I 6 8 S F 2 1 6SF 2 6 0 S F 2 lOSF 1 80SF 1 20SF 1 20SF

6 0 0 S F 1 20SF 9 0 S F

1 80SF

2264s.f. 2943s.f. 3532s.f

6 4 0 S F S9ASF 6 0 0 S F 7 6 0 S F 4 3 2 S F 8 0 0 S F

3106s.f. 4142s.f. 4970s.f.

51

T o t a l Souare Footage

corporate headquarters

production facility

AI space summary

2264s.f.

3106s.f.

5450s.f.

U s a b l e Suuaro Footage

corporate headnuartors

production facility

2943s.f.

4142s.f.

7085s.f.

G r o s s Square Footage

corporate hoadauartors

production facility

3532s.f.

4970s.f.

8502s.f.

52

e+A bibliography

periential Architecture | blbllOgrapby ex

Collins, Brad and Juliette Robbins. Antoine Predock Architect. New York: Riz2oli International Publications, 1994.

Cook, Peter and George Rand. Morphosis: buildings and projects. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1989.

Douglass, Curran F. Austin Overview. Austin: Eakin Press, 1995.

Dubost, Jean-Claude and Jean-Francois Gonthier. Architecture for the future. Paris: Editions Pierre Terrail, 1996.

Frampton, Kenneth and Steven Holl. Anchoring: Steven Holl selected projects 1975-1991. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1991.

. Tadao Ando. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1991.

Hines, Thomas S. Franklin D. Israel: buildings and projects. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992.

Holl, Steven. Steven Holl: Pre-theoretical Ground. Zurich: Artemis Verlags AG, 1993.

Mahnke, Frank H. Color, Environment, and Human Response. New York:: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.

Rispa. Raul. Barragan: The Complete Works. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996.

experiential Architecture I riekprict'97 54

Trachentenburg, Marvin and Isabelle Hyman. Architecture, from prehistory to post-moderinism. Netherlands: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1986.

Trade Winds. Taiwan Bicycles & Parts Guide: 1997-98. Taiwan: Trade Winds, 1997.

Weinstein, Richard. Morphosis: buildings and projects. 1989-1992. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1992.

Wood, H. Paul. Site Design I. Los Angeles: Architectural Lincense Seminars, 1992.

Associated Press, "Austin pursues grant to buy bikes for city." Houston Chronicle (October 1997): 5D.

Chow, Phoebe. "House of Shadows." The Architectural Review (August 1995): 40-44.

Davey, Peter. "Learning from Louisiana." The Architectural Review (August 1995): 4-5.

Dillon, David. "Antoine Predock: American Visionary." Architecture (March 1995): 55-57.

. "Lady Bird's Legacy." Architecture (July 1995): 65-75.

. "Undecorated Sheds." Architecture (May 1995): 62-65.

Fisher, Thomas. "Escape from Style." Progressive Archrtecture (September. 1994): 59-63, 100.

Hammett, Jerilou. "Antoine Predock: Trails of the Imagination." New Mexico Designer/ Builder dune 1995): 6-9.

experiential Architecture I rickprice'97 55

Moore, Charles. "Human Energy." (n.d.): I 15-121.

Stein, Karen. "Project Diary: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain." Architectural

Record (October 1997): 74-87.

experiential Architecture! rickpricp'97 56

e+A lllNstratlaas

ex periential Architecture | illUStradOnS

Frank Israel

Tadao Ando

Frank Israel

Morphosis

Tadao Ando

Luis Barragan

Frank 6ehry

morphosis

preface-p I.

table of contents-p3.

abstract-p4.

theory-p8.

theory-p9.

theory-p 10.

theory-p I I.

theory-p 12.

Bright and Associates. Venice. CA.

Koshino House, Ashiya, Hyogo.

Bright and Associates, Venice, CA.

Sedlack Residence Addition.

Historical Museum, Osaka, Japan.

Galvez House, Mexico City, Mexico.

Disney Concert Hall, model. Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain.

Crawford Residence, Montecito, CA.

experiential Architecture I rick price *S7 58

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Documents