e2 training material jmeter

8/13/2019 E2 Training Material JMeter

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JMeterA Performance Testing Tool

Date:08/04/2011


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Introduction

Definition

JMeter is an Apache Jakarta project that can be used as a load testing tool for analysingand measuring the performance of a variety of services, with a focus on web applications.

Why JMeter

JMeter can be used as a unit test tool for JDBC database connection, FTP, LDAP,

WebServices, JMS, HTTP and generic TCP connections. JMeter can also be configured asa monitor, although this is typically considered an ad-hoc solution in lieu of advanced

monitoring solutions.


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Introduction - Features 100% pure Java Open Source Desktop application. Designed for performance/functional/load/stress testing.

Extensible- write your own tests.

Pluggable sampler allows unlimited testing capabilities.

Simulate heavy load (application, server and network).

Gives instant visual feedback.

Distributed testing.

Various protocols- HTTP, JDBC, LDAP, SOAP, JMS, FTP.

Multi-platform.

Full multi-threading framework.

Test plans can be stored in XML and can be version controlled.

Caching and offline analysis/ replaying of test results


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Elements of Test Plan Thread Group

Logic Controllers Samplers

Configuration elements

Pre-processor elements

Post-processor elements Timers

Listeners

Assertions


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Execution Order Timers Preprocessors

Samplers

Post-processors

Assertions

Listeners


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JMS Point to Point Test Plan

Adding users

Adding JMS Point to Point Sampler

Monitor Results


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JMS Point to Point Test Plan Adding Users Add Thread Group

Specify No. of users

Ramp up Period

Loop count


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JMS Point to Point Test Plan: JMS SamplerConfiguration

Specify QueueConnectionFactory(default JNDI entry for the connection factorywithin active mq)Specify JNDI Name RequestQueue(equal to the JNDI name defined in the JNDIproperties)

Specify JNDI Name Reply Queue(equal to the JNDI name defined in the JNDIproperties)Communication Style(you need at least a service that responds tothe requests)

Content (the content of the message)

Specify InitialContextFactory(standard InitialContextFactory for Active MQ )Specify provider URL(defines the URL of the active mq messagingsystem)


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JMS Topic Test Plan Adding Users

Adding JMS Subscriber Adding JMS Publisher

Adding a Listener to View Store the Test Results


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JMS Topic: Adding Users Add Thread Group Specify

No. of users Ramp up Period Loop count


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JMS Topic :JMS Subscriber

Start by adding the JMS Subscriber to

the Subscribers element

(Add --> Sampler --> JMS Subscriber).

If the JMS provider uses the

jndi.properties file, check the box.

Enter the name of the connection

factory, while ActiveMQ and MQSeries

does not require authentication

Enter 10 in "Number of samples to

aggregate".


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JMS Topic : Adding Publisher Add the sampler JMS Publisher to thePublisher element (Add --> Sampler --> JMS Publisher). If the JMS provider uses the

jndi.properties file, check the boxEnter the name of theInitialContextFactory class.

Enter the name of the connectionfactory.Enter the name of the message topicEnter 10 in "Number of samples toaggregate".elect the appropriate configuration for

getting the message to publish. If youwant the sampler to randomly selectthe message, place the messages in adirectory and select the directory usingbrowse. Select the message type. If

the message is in object format, make

sure message is generated correctly.


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Monitor Results

This element is responsible for storing

all of the results of your JMS requestsin a file and presenting a visual model

of the data.

Select the Thread Group element and

add a Graph Results listener(Add --> Listener --> Graph Results).


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JMeter functions are special values that can populate fields of any Sampler or other

element in a test tree. A function looks like ${__functionName(var1,var2,var3)}.

A function with no parameter looks like ${__functionName}.

If a function parameter contains a comma, then be sure to escape this with "\",

otherwise JMeter will treat it as a parameter delimiter. Example ${__time(EEE\, dMMM yyyy)}.

Variables are referenced as ${VARIABLE}.

Variable and functions are all case-sensitive.

Functions and Variables


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What can functions do ? Two kinds of functions:

user-defined static values (or variables). built-in functions.

User-defined static values allow the user to define variables to be replaced with their

static value when a test tree is compiled and submitted to be run.

This replacement happens once at the beginning of the test run.Variables cannot be nested.

With built-in functions users can compute new values at run-time based on previous

response data.

These new values are generated fresh for every request throughout the course of thetest.


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Where can functions and variables be used? Functions and variables can be written into any field of any test component (apart

from the TestPlan). Some fields do not allow random strings because they are expecting numbers, and

thus will not accept a function. However, most fields will allow functions.

Functions which are used on the Test Plan have some restrictions.

JMeter thread variables will have not been fully set up when the functions areprocessed, so variable names passed as parameters will not be set up, and variable

references will not work, so split() and regex() and the variable evaluation functions

won't work.

The following functions should work OK on the test plan - intSum, longSum,

machineName, BeanShell, javaScript, jexl, random, time, property functions, log

functions.


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Types of Functions

Information Related Functions

Input Related Functions

Calculation Related Functions

Scripting Related Functions

Properties Related Functions

Variables Related Functions

String Related Functions


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Information Related Functions

ThreadNum

MachineName

Time

Log

Logn


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ThreadNum

The thread number function simply returns the number of the thread currently being

executed. ${__threadNum} //will return the thread countThis function does not work in any Configuration elements (e.g. User Defined

Variables) as these are run from a separate thread

Request Response


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MachineName

The machineName function returns the local host name. Its very useful while

implementing Distributed testing${__machineName(Machine_Name)} //argument is the Variable name to store valueRequest Response


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Time

The time function returns the current time in various formats.

${__time(yyyyMMdd-HHmmss,time1)} //1st argument is format. It can be* YMD = yyyyMMdd

* HMS = HHmmss

* YMDHMS = yyyyMMdd-HHmmss

Second parameter is variable to store value.

${__time(${__property(time1.USER1)})} //Assign value to time.USER1 variable in the

Jmeter property

Default is YMD.


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Time contd... Request Response


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Log

The log function logs a message, and returns its input string

${__log(Message)} //will write to the log file as "...thread Name Message"${__log(Message,OUT)} //will write to console window

${__log(${VAR},,,VAR=)} //will write to log file as "...thread Name VAR=value"

Request


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Log contd..Request Response


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Logn

The logn function logs a message, and returns the empty string

${__logn(VAR1=${VAR1},OUT)} //will write the value of the variable to the consoleRequest Response


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Input Related Functions:

StringFromFile

FiletoString CSVRead

Xpath


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StringFromFile

The StringFromFile function can be used to read strings from a text file.

${__stringency(PIN#'.'DAT,,1,2)} //reads PIN1.DAT, PIN2.DAT${_StringFromFile(PIN.DAT,,,2)} // reads PIN.DAT twice

Request Response


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FiletoString

The FileToString function can be used to read an entire file. Each time it is called it

reads the entire file.${__fileToString(abc.txt,,rname)} //First argument specifies file name,second

specifies file encoding and third specifies reference variable)

Request Response


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CSVRead

The CSVRead function returns a string from a CSV file.

${__CSVRead(data.txt,0) //will return first column firstvalue from first row

${__CSVRead(data.txt,1) ${__CSVRead(data.txt,next) //will return second column

first value and change the row

${__CSVRead(data.txt,0) //will return first column firstvalue from second row


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Xpath contd...Request Response


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Calculation Related Functions

Counter

intSum

longSum

Random


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Counter

The counter generates a new number each time it is called, starting with 1 and

incrementing by +1 each time. The counter can be configured to keep each simulateduser's values separate, or to use the same counter for all users. A global counter is like

counting how many times that request was run.

${__counter(true,x)} //First argument specifies whether the counter is global or

not, false => global counter, true => each user counter to be kept independent. second

argument specifies reference variable


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Counter contd....Request Response


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intSum

The intSum function can be used to compute the sum of two or more integer values.

${__intSum(${x},5,z)} //1st Argument retrieve x value of variable x,2nd is constant value, 3rd argument will store result

Request Response


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longSum

The longSum function can be used to compute the sum of two or more long values.

${__longSum(109999,100009,z)} //First and second argument specifies value, 3rdwill store result.

Request Response


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Random

The random function returns a random number that lies between the given min and

max values.${__random(1,100,x) //1st argument is minimum value, 2nd argument is maximum

value and 3rd argument is variable to store value.

Request Response


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Scripting Related Functions

JavaScript

BeanShell


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Javascript

The javaScript function executes a piece of JavaScript (not Java!) code and returns its

value.${__javascript(new Date)} //will return current date

Request Response


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Beanshell

The BeanShell function evaluates the script passed to it, and returns the result.

${__beanshell(123*456)} //will return 56088${__beanshell(source("/home/Gavita/abc.bsh"))} //if abc.bsh is present at this location

${__beanshell(source(abc.bsh)) //if abc.bsh is present in JMeter bin

directory

If abc.bsh contains a=8; eval("b=a*2"); print(b); //It will Print result to terminal as 16


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Beanshell contd...Request Response


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Properties Related Functions

P

Property

SetProperty


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P

This is a simplified property function which is intended for use with properties defined

on the command line. and if no default value is supplied, it is assumed to be 1. Thevalue of 1 was chosen because it is valid for common test variables such as loops,

thread count, ramp up etc.

Define the property value:

jmeter -Jgroup1.threads=7 -Jhostname1=www.realhost.edu

Fetch the values:

${__P(group1.threads)} //return the value of group1.threads

${__P(group1.loops)} //return the value of group1.loops

${__P(hostname,www.dummy.org)} //return value of property hostname orwww.dummy.org if not defined

In the examples above, the first function call would return 7, second would return 1 and

last would return www.dummy.org (unless those properties were defined elsewhere!)


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P contd...Request Response


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Property

The property function returns the value of a JMeter property. If the property value

cannot be found, and no default has been supplied, it returns the property name. Whensupplying a default value.

For example:

${__property(x)} - return value of x

${__property(x,y)} - return value of x and save in y${__property(x,y,a)} - return value of property x (or "a" if not defined) and save in y

${__property(x,,a)} - return value of property x (= "a" if not defined) but don't save it


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Property contd...Request Response


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SetProperty

The setProperty function sets the value of a JMeter property. The default return value

from the function is the empty string, so the function call can be used anywherefunctions are valid. The original value can be returned by setting the optional 3rd

parameter to "true".

${__setProperty(total_Count,500,)} //First argument is reference name for the property,

second argument is value, third argument is optional if set true returns the original

value.


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SetProperty contd...Request Response


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Variables Related Functions

Split

V

Eval

EvalVar


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Split contd...Request Response


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V

The V (variable) function returns the result of evaluating a variable name expression.

This can be used to evaluate nested variable references.

${__V(A${N})} //will return the value of A1 when N is defined as N=1

Request Response


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Eval

The eval function returns the result of evaluating a string expression. It allows to

interpolate variable and function references in a string which is stored in a variable.

Example: name=Garvita

column=Emp_Id

table=Employee

SQL=select ${column} from ${table} where name='${name}'${__eval(${SQL})} // will evaluate as "select Emp_Id from Employee where

name='Garvita'".

l d


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Eval contd...Request Response

E lV


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EvalVar

The eval function returns the result of evaluating an expression stored in a variable.

This allows one to read a string from a file, and process any variable references in it.

Example: query = "select ${column} from ${table}"

column=name

table=customers

${__evalVar(query)} //will evaluate as "select name from customers"

E lV d


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EvalVar contd...Request Response

S i R l d F i


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String Related Functions

Regexfunction

Char

Unescape

UnescapeHtml

escapeHtml

R F i


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RegexFunction

The Regex Function is used to parse the previous response (or the value of a variable)

using any regular expression (provided by user). The function returns the template

string with variable values filled in.

The __regexFunction can also store values for future use.

R F ti td


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RegexFunction contd....Request Response

Ch


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Char

The char function returns the result of evaluating a list of numbers as Unicode

characters.This allows one to add arbitrary character values into fields.

Examples:

${__char(0xC,0xA)} = CRLF

${__char(165)} = (yen)

Ch td


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Char contd....Request Response

U


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Unescape

The unescape function returns the result of evaluating a Java-escaped string. See also

__char() above.

This allows one to add characters to fields which are otherwise tricky (or impossible) to

define via the GUI.

Examples:

${__unescape(\r\n)} = CRLF

${__unescape(1\t2)} = 1[tab]2

Unescape contd


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Unescape contd...Request Response


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UnescapeHtml contd


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UnescapeHtml contd...Request Response

EscapeHtml


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EscapeHtml

Function which escapes the characters in a String using HTML entities. Supports HTML

4.0 entities.Example: "bread" & "butter" becomes: "bread" & "butter" .

Uses StringEscapeUtils#escapeHtml(String) from Commons Lang

EscapeHtml contd


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EscapeHtml contd....Request Response

Pre defined Variables


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Pre-defined Variables Most variables are set by calling functions or by test elements such as User Defined

Variables.

In user define variable the user has full control over the variable name

Some variables are defined internally by JMeter.

These are listed below

JMeterThread.last_sample_ok - whether or not the last sample was OK true/false

Cookiename - contains the cookie value

START variable

Variable Reporting


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Variable Reporting

The __logn() function reference can be used anywhere in the test plan after the

variable has been defined.

The Java Request sampler can be used to create a sample containing variable

references; the output will be shown in the appropriate Listener.

For versions of JMeter later than 2.3, there is a Debug Sampler that can be used to

display the values of variables etc in the Tree View Listener

Latest Jmeter Release
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/usermanual/component_reference.html%22%20/l%20%22Debug_Samplerhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/usermanual/component_reference.html%22%20/l%20%22Debug_Sampler


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Latest Jmeter Release

Jmeter latest release is Jmeter 2.4.

Jmeter 2.4 was released on 2010-07-08.

Earlier Stable release was Jmeter 2.3.4.

Features in Latest release


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Features in Latest release

HTTP Proxy can now record HTTPS sessions.

JUnit sampler now supports JUnit4 annotations. Added JSR223 (javax.script) test elements.

MailReader Sampler can now use any protocol supported by the underlying

implementation.

An SMTP Sampler has been added.JMeter now allows users to provide their own Thread Group implementations.

View Results Tree now supports more display options, including search and Regex

Testing.

StatCalculator performance is much improved; Aggregate Report etc. need far lessmemory.

JMS samplers have been extensively reworked, and should no longer lose messages.

Correlation processing is improved. JMS Publisher and Subscriber now support both

Topics and Queues

Tips


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Tips Use timers to avoid hammering the server

Limit the Number of Threads Hardware will limit the number of threads you can effectively run. A faster machinemakes JMeter work harder since it returns request quicker.

User variables

Create a text file containing the user names and passwords.

Add a CSV DataSet configuration element. Name the variables USER and PASS.Use ${USER} and ${PASS} within samplers. Reducing resource requirements

Use non-GUI mode.Use as few Listeners as possible. Reduce samplers by looping (by thread and by controller), and use variables (CSVData Set) to vary the sample. Use CSV output rather than XML.

References


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References JMeter has 2 types of mailing list

The JMeter User List

The JMeter Developer List

To subscribe to any mailing list

http://jakarta.apache.org/site/mail2.html


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