e2-e3 electrical technical
TRANSCRIPT
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E2-E3
Electrical Technical
Automation & Remote Monitoring/
Controlling of EMS- An Overview
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WELCOME
• This is a presentation for the E2-E3 Electrical (Technical)
Module for the Topic: Automation & Remote
Monitoring/Controlling of EMS – An Overview .
• Eligibility: Those who have got the Up gradation to from
E2 to E3.
• This presentation is last updated on 15-3-2011.
• You can also visit the Digital library of BSNL to see this
topic.
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AGENDA
What is Automation?
Advantages of Automation
Monitoring and Controlling a process/operation
from Remote Location?
Benefits of Monitoring and Controlling of EMS
from a Remote Location
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• Automation is the application of information
Technology(IT) and control systems to control
industrial machinery and processes, replacing human
operators.
• Automation of the processes can be done with either
Microcontroller or PLC (Programmable Logical
Controller).
Automation
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• Automation examples:
• An ATM (Automated Teller Machine)
• Automated Telephone Switchboards
Automation
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Microcontroller
• A microcontroller is a small computer on a
single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple
CPU combined with support functions.
• In addition to all arithmetic and logic elements (ALU) of
a general purpose microprocessor, the microcontroller
usually also integrates additional elements such as
read-only and read-write memory, and input/output
interfaces.
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Microcontroller/PLC based automation(An Illustration)
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• PLC Consists of input module, CPU & Output
module.
• Input accept variety of digital & analog signals from
various field devices & converts it into logical signals
that can be used by CPU.
• CPU makes decisions and execute control
instructions based on program instruction in memory.
Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
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Operator
Interface
Programming
Device
Output
Module
CPUInput
Module
CPUInput
ModuleOutput
Module
CPUInput
ModuleOutput
Module
CPUInput
ModuleOutput
Module
CPUInput
Module
Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
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• Output module converts control instruction from CPU
into digital or analog signal that can be used to control
various field devices (actuators).
• A programming device is used to input desired
instructions. These instruction determine what the PLC
will do for a specific input.
• An operator interface device allow process
information to be displayed and new control
parameters to be entered (Configuration).
Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
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Programmable Logic Controller(PLC) based Automation – A very simple example
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• A microcontroller-based design would be appropriate
where hundreds or thousands of units will be
produced and so the development cost (design of
power supplies and input/output hardware) can be
spread over many sales
• And where the end-user would not need to alter
the control.
Microcontroller Vs PLC
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• PLCs are suitable for severe conditions (dust, moisture,
heat, cold, etc) and have the facility for extensive
input/output (I/O) arrangements. These connect the PLC to
sensors and actuators.
• PLC applications are typically highly customized systems
so the cost of a packaged PLC is low compared to the cost
of a specific custom-built micro-controller design.
• Automation with PLC is also suitable when the changes to
the system would be expected during its operational life.
Microcontroller Vs PLC
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Major Components of Automation System:
• PLC/ Micro controller
• Sensor
• Actuator
Components of Automation
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Components of Automation(Contd..)
• PLC/ Micro controller
• Is a processor, also known as heart of any
automation system, which does the arithmetic and
logical processing and takes decision accordingly.
It also contains memory to retain the data & control
unit to control various functional units etc.
• It monitors inputs and make decision based on
instruction held in the program memory.
Components of Automation(Contd..)
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Components of Automation(Contd..)
• Sensor
• Is a device that connect a physical condition into
an electrical signal for use by the PLC.
• Sensors are connected to input of a PLC.
• Example : An electrical signal is sent from push
button to PLC indicating the condition of the push
button contacts.
Components of Automation(Contd..)
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Components of Automation(Contd..)
• Actuator
• Convert a electrical signal from PLC into physical
condition.
• Connected to PLC output.
• Example: Motor starter.
Components of Automation(Contd..)
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Advantage of PLC / Microcontroller
• Wiring between devices & relay contacts is done in
PLC program.
• Hardwiring is required only to connect field
devices (less intensive).
• Easier to create & change program in PLC than
to wire or rewire.
• Smaller physical size than hardwire solutions.
• Application can be documented.
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Examples of PLC
• Siemens make :
S7-200 micro PLC; small size; power supply &
I/O are on board; for smaller & standalone
application.
S7-300 & S7-400 for more complex
application; greater nos. of I/O points; power
supply & I/O separate modules.
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Simple Automation System–At a Glance
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I/Os to an Automation system
Inputs/outputs to an Automation system could be
• Digital
• Analog
• Digital ON/OFF; digital input; pushbuttons; toggle
switches etc.
• Analog Continuous & Variable signal; 0-20 mA or
0-10 V; Example -Level transmitter.
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PLC Scan Cycle
• PLC program is executed as as part of a
repetitive process referred to as a scan.
• (1) Read Input
(2) Execute program
(3) Internal diagnostic & Communication
tasks
(4) Update output.
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Remote Monitoring & Controlling
• Ability to monitor a process from a remote location &
controlling the process from the remote location.
• We Can have central data base in control room to log
the process details and to store the appropriate
commands (like changing parameters) for controlling the
process based on conditions received.
• Communication between local and remote unit can be
achieved by – cable modem or wireless.
• Various critical parameters can be altered and controlled
from a remote end.
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Benefits of Remote Monitoring
• Several critical parameters can be monitored at different
scattered locations.
• Labour, Time & Money saving in monitoring & controlling.
• More Efficient Monitoring at an overall less cost.
• Retain data at central server which can be helpful at times
of debugging an erroneous condition.
• On demand dispatch of Engineers.
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