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E-waste per Capita and Year
UAE: United Arabian Emirates
Increase: 10 % per year in Africa and Asia
Source: StEP E-waste Monitor, status 2014
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The Global Perspective
• E-waste worldwide: ~ 45 million tonnes (2016) 1
• Global recycling rate: ~ 20 %
• Population covered by e-waste legislation: ~ 66 %
• Content in 45 Mt E-waste1
Revenues Costs
• ~ 17 Mt iron/steel (casings, …) • Toxic fluorescent powders (CRTs, CFLs)
• ~ 2 Mt copper (PWB, cables, …) • Plastics with brominated flame retardants
• ~ 300 t gold (printed wiring boards, contacts, …)
• Heavy metals (lead, cadmium,…) in solders and components on PWBs, CRTs…
• Palladium • (H)CFC in cooling and freezing equipment
• Silver, etc. • Batteries
Gross value: ~ 50 billion Euro • High cost for proper treatment/disposal3
www.cwitproject.eu
1.5 Mt Exported
How Do EU Do?
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Legislation – WEEE Directive
• Minimum collection targets depending on category of EEE
• Category-specific minimum recovery/recyclingtargets
• EEE-specific treatment requirements
• Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
• Ban of e-waste exports (Basel Convention)
• Monitoring and enforcement
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Processing
Recycling, Incineration, DisposalFossile Fuel Re-
placement, RecyclingRecycledMetals
HazardousSubstances
andComponents
▪ Cu-Fraction▪ Al-Fraction▪ Fe-Fraction
Plastics Fraction
• Treatment• Smelting• Refining
(Manual)Depollution
(Manual and/or) MechanicalSeparation
(Manual or) MechanicalDismantling
HazardousComponents
Pre-Processing End-Processing
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ESPs
Financing: EPR
• Profit• Investments
Contracts ESPs for Transport and Treatment
Financing According EEE Type and Market Share
Producer Takeback Scheme
Producer C
Producer B
Producer A
€ESP
€
€ € € €
€
Sales of Fractions
€ €
€ €
Logistics, Labor, Disposal
ESP: End-of-Life Service Provider(Logistics, treatment, disposal)
Pu
blic
Do
mai
n
Operation (Schematic Example)
Pu
blic
Do
mai
nP
rod
uce
r R
esp
on
sib
ility
MunicipalCollection Points
Info
rms
Takeback Scheme
Cle
arin
gH
ou
se
Picks Up, Transports
Contracted Recycler Sh
are
d R
esp
on
sib
ility
Contracted Logistics Provider
InformsInformsMunicipal
Collection Points
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Sound E-waste Managment …
1 …creates jobs and income;
3 … avoids health and environmentalhazards;
11 … is responsible production andconsumption;
13 … reduces greenhouse gas emissions
ETC.!
17 … requires partnership and cooperation to achieve it!
„Best“ Available Technology?
Source: http://www.geo.de/reisen/community/bild/regular/727773/Stabheuschrecke.jpg
Source:https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ9gcGl9GEXdD7WQ6zRDHXAUZxOKfCQ7HMDzOxNtgMo6Ion_BYb
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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References
1. Global E-waste Monitor, http://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:6341/Global-E-waste_Monitor_2017__electronic_single_pages_.pdf)
2. E-waste Management in Germany, https://www.scribd.com/document/63915540/Ewaste-Management-in-Germany
3. Person in the Port (PiP) project: Quantity and quality of used electrical and electronic equipment imported into Nigeria, https://www.scycle.info/person-in-the-port-pip-study/