e-series introdution to juniper network routers

Introduction to Juniper Networks Routers - E-series

Student Guide

1194 North Mathilda Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA 408-745-2000 www.juniper.net

Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo. NetScreen, and ScreenOS are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. JUNOS and JUNOSe are trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners. Introduction to Juniper Networks RoutersE-series Student Guide, Revision 7.c Copyright 2007, Juniper Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Revision History: Revision 4.cApril 2003 Revision 7.aSeptember 2005 Revision 7.bJanuary 2007 Revision 7.cApril 2007 The information in this document is current as of the date listed above. The information in this document has been carefully verified and is believed to be accurate for software Release 7.3.0. Juniper Networks assumes no responsibilities for any inaccuracies that may appear in this document. In no event will Juniper Networks be liable for direct, indirect, special, exemplary, incidental or consequential damages resulting from any defect or omission in this document, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer or otherwise revise this publication without notice. YEAR 2000 NOTICE Juniper Networks hardware and software products do not suffer from Year 2000 problems and hence are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS software has no known time-related limitations through the year 2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036. SOFTWARE LICENSE The terms and conditions for using Juniper Networks software are described in the software license provided with the software, or to the extent applicable, in an agreement executed between you and Juniper Networks, or Juniper Networks agent. By using Juniper Networks software, you indicate that you understand and agree to be bound by its license terms and conditions. Generally speaking, the software license restricts the manner in which you are permitted to use the Juniper Networks software, may contain prohibitions against certain uses, and may state conditions under which the license is automatically terminated. You should consult the software license for further details.

Contents Chapter 0: Course Introduction ..................................................................................... 0-1 Chapter 1: Overview of E-series Router Features and Applications ............................ 1-1 Juniper Networks Router Product Positioning ................................................. 1-3 E-series Router B-RAS Applications............................................................... 1-6 E-series Router Dedicated Access Applications .......................................... 1-13 The SDX-300 Policy and Network Management System ............................. 1-18 Chapter 2: E-series Router Hardware Architecture Overview ...................................... 2-1 E-series Product Family and Chassis Types ................................................. 2-3 ERX-14xx/7xx/310 Architecture ...................................................................... 2-8 E320 Architecture......................................................................................... 2-20 Packet Flow ................................................................................................. 2-27 Redundancy ................................................................................................. 2-33 Hardware Installation Notes ......................................................................... 2-44 Chapter 3: Introduction to the Command-Line Interface and Configuration Basics .................................................................................... 3-1 CLI Modes and Shortcuts ................................................................................. 3-3 Basic Configuration Using the CLI .............................................................. 3-16 Configuration Using Scripts and Macros ....................................................... 3-27 E-series Router Timing Configuration Options ............................................ 3-32 E-series Router Boot Configuration and Reload Options............................... 3-35 Chapter 4: E-series Virtual Routers ................................................................................. 4-1 E-series Virtual Router Concepts.................................................................... 4-3 Configuring and Managing E-series Virtual Routers........................................ 4-6 Lab 1: Introduction to the E-series Router CLI ............................................ 4-12 Lab 2: E-series Router Configuration Basics ................................................ 4-13

Contents - iii

Contents - iv

Course Overview The Introduction to Juniper Networks RoutersE-series course provides an introduction to the E-series router platforms, including the E320 router. The course covers E-series router features, applications, and hardware architecture. It gives an overview of using the E-series command-line interface (CLI), including user modes, CLI shortcuts, the file system, and file manipulation. The course teaches students how to use the CLI to perform basic router administration tasks and how to perform a basic configuration of an E-series router. The course also introduces the concept of virtual routers and discusses the basics of virtual router configuration. Objectives

After successfully completing this course, you should be able to: Describe the E-series router features and applications in both a B-RAS and dedicated access

environment;

Describe the E-series router hardware architecture; Describe the configuration options available for E-series hardware platforms; List the different CLI user modes; Describe the file system used on E-series routers; Use the CLI to manipulate files, to reload E-series router, and to perform basic troubleshooting; Use the CLI to configure the E-series platforms for basic IP connectivity; and Perform basic virtual router configuration and management tasks.

Intended Audience This course is intended for network professionals, managers, and anyone needing an overview of the E-series router.

Course Level This is an introductory-level course designed to be a stepping-stone to the more advanced courses available in the Juniper Networks training curriculum.

Prerequisites

Students attending this course should have a general knowledge of the Internet Protocol, including addressing. Students should also have a basic understanding of the OSI model, including the roles played by layers 1-4. Familiarity with common TCP and UDP protocols, such as Telnet and FTP, is helpful. This course is a required prerequisite for the following:

E-series Routing Protocols (formerly E-series Circuit Aggregation Basics) E-series Broadband Remote Access Server Configuration Basics

Course Overview - v

Course Agenda

Day 1 Chapter 1: Course Introduction

Chapter 2: Overview of E-series Router Features and Applications

Chapter 3: E-series Router Hardware Architecture Overview

Chapter 4: Introduction to the Command-Line Interface and Configuration Basics

Chapter 5: E-series Virtual Routers

Course Agenda - vi

Additional Information Education Services Offerings

You can obtain information on the latest Education Services offerings, course dates, and class locations from the World Wide Web by pointing your Web browser to: http://www.juniper.net/training/education/ .

About This Publication

The Introduction to Juniper Networks RoutersE-series Student Guide was developed and tested using software version 7.3.0. Previous and later versions of software may behave differently so you should always consult the documentation and release notes for the version of code you are running before reporting errors. This document is written and maintained by the Juniper Networks Education Services development team. Please send questions and suggestions for improvement to [email protected].

Technical Publications

You can print technical manuals and release notes directly from the Internet in a variety of formats: Go to http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/ . Locate the specific software or hardware release and title you need, and choose the format in

which you want to view or print the document. Documentation sets and CDs are available through your local Juniper Networks sales office or account representative.

Juniper Networks Support

For technical support, contact Juniper Networks at http://www.juniper.net/customers/ support/, or at 1-888-314-JTAC (within the United States) or 408-745-2121 (from outside the United States).

Additional Information - vii

Additional Information - viii

Module 0: Course Introduction 0-1

Introduction to Juniper Networks RoutersE-series

Copyright 2008 Juniper Networks, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential www.juniper.net 1

Chapter 0:Chapter 0:

Course IntroductionCourse Introduction



2Copyright 2006 Juniper Networks, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential www.juniper.net

Module ObjectivesModule Objectives

After successfully completing this module, you will be able to: Get to know one another

Identify the objectives, prerequisites, facilities, and materials usedduring this course

Identify additional Juniper Networks courses

Describe the Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program(JNTCP)

This Chapter Discusses:

Objectives and course content information;

Additional Juniper Networks courses; and

Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program.




IntroductionsIntroductions

What is your name?Where do you work?What is your primary role in your organization?What kind of network experience do you have?What is the most important thing for you to learn in this

training session?

Introductions

This slide serves to break the ice by having you introduce yourself and state your reasons forattending the class.




Course ContentsCourse Contents

Contents: Chapter 0 : Introduction and Overview

Chapter 1 : E-series Router Features and Applications

Chapter 2 : Hardware Architecture Overview

Chapter 3 : Introduction to the Command-Line Interface andConfiguration Basics

Chapter 4 : E-series Virtual Routers

Course Contents

This slide lists the topics we discuss in this course.




The prerequisites this course are : A general knowledge of the Internet Protocol, including

addressing

A familiarity with common TCP and UDP protocols, such asTelnet and FTP

A basic understanding of OSI model, including the particular roleplayed by layers 1-4

PrerequisitesPrerequisites

Prerequisites

This slide lists the prerequisites for this course.




Course AdministrationCourse Administration

Sign-in sheet

Schedule Class times

Breaks

Lunch

Break and restroom facilities

Communications Telephones

Cellular phones and pagers

Internet access

General Course Administration

This slide documents general aspects of classroom administration.




Education MaterialsEducation Materials

Available in class: Lecture material

Lab guide

Lab equipment

Available outside of class: Online documentation at www.juniper.net

Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center (JTAC)

Available through your account representative: Documentation CD

Printed documentation

Training and Study Materials

This slide describes several options for obtaining study and preparation materials.




Satisfaction FeedbackSatisfaction Feedback

Please be sure to tell us how we did! Look for an e-mail asking you to complete our on-line survey

Completed surveys: Help us serve you better

Ensure that you receive a certificate of completion

Class Feedback

Satisfaction Feedback

Juniper Networks uses an electronic survey system to collect and analyze your comments andfeedback. Depending on the class you are taking, please complete the survey at the end of the class,or be sure to look for an e-mail about two weeks from class completion that directs you to complete anonline survey form (be sure to provide us with your current e-mail address).

Submitting your feedback entitles you to a certificate of class completion. We thank you in advance fortaking the time to help us improve our educational offerings.




Prerequisites: Generalknowledge of TCP/IP,routing, and radiofrequency (RF) concepts

Service Provider Curriculum : JUNOS PlatformsService Provider Curriculum : JUNOS Platforms

Advanced Policy

Advanced VPNs

Advanced Juniper NetworksRouters (AJNR)

Juniper Networks SecuritySolutions (JNSS)

IPSec

Class of service

Prerequisites: Familiaritywith JUNOS software CLI,General knowledge ofTCP/IP and routing

Configuring JuniperNetworks Routers

(CIJNR-M)

Operation andTroubleshooting of Juniper

Networks Routers(OTJNR)

Prerequisites : Detailed knowledge of M-series and T-series routers from CIJNR-M attendance or similar

IPv6

Intro to SDX for JUNOS

Service Provider Curriculum: JUNOS Platforms

This slide displays the primary Education Services offerings that support Juniper NetworksM-series and T-series technologies in a service provider environment.




Service Provider Curriculum:Service Provider Curriculum: JUNOSeJUNOSe PlatformsPlatforms

Prerequisites: Detailed knowledge of E-series products from attendance of IJNR-Eclass or similar

Prerequisites: Generalknowledge of TCP/IP androuting

Broadband Remote AccessServer Configuration Basics

Introduction toJuniper NetworksRoutersE-series

(IJNR-E)

Introduction to SDX -300 forJUNOSe

E-Series Routing ProtocolsE-series MPLS

Configuration Basics

Service Provider Curriculum: JUNOSe Platforms

This slide displays the primary Education Services offerings that support Juniper Networks E-series router technologies.




Enterprise Routing CurriculumEnterprise Routing Curriculum

Prerequisites: Detailed knowledge of J-series and M-series routers from OJREattendance or similar

Prerequisites: Generalknowledge of TCP/IP androuting

Advance Juniper NetworksRouting in the Enterprise

(AJRE)

Operating JuniperNetworks Routers in

the Enterprise(OJRE)

Enterprise Routing Curriculum

This slide displays the primary Education Services offering that support Juniper Networks M-series and J-series technologies in an enterprise environment.




Security CurriculumSecurity Curriculum

Integrating Juniper NetworksFirewall IPSec VPNs into High-

Perfomance NetworksPrerequisites: Basic experience withEthernet, transparent bridging, TCP/IPoperations, IP addressing, and routing

Configuring JuniperNetworks Firewall/

IPSec VPN Products

Security ManagerFundamentals

Prerequisites: CJFV

Advanced Juniper Networks VPNImplementations

Attack Prevention with JuniperNetworks Firewalls

Configuring Unified AccessControl

Implementing Intrusion Detectionand Prevention

Prerequisites: Basic experience withEthernet, transparent bridging, TCP/IPoperations, IP addressing, and routing

Configuring NetScreenSecure Access

AdvancedNetScreen SecureAccess

Prerequisites: Moderate background inInternetworking basic, security concepts,network administration, and applicationsupport

Security Curriculum

This slide displays the primary Education Services offerings that support Juniper Networkssecurity technologies.




WX CurriculumWX Curriculum

Prerequisites: Completion of theWAN Acceleration Framework (WX)course or equivalent knowledge.

Prerequisites: Generalknowledge of TCP/IP androuting, switches and VLANS

The WAN AccelerationCentral Management

System (CMS)

Introduction to WANAcceleration (WX)

Framework(IWX)

WX Curriculum

This slide displays the primary Education Services offerings that support Juniper NetworksWX Framework technologies.




DX CurriculumDX Curriculum

Prerequisites: Generalknowledge of TCP/IP HTTPand SSL.

Implementing theDX Application

Acceleration Platform(IDX)

DX Curriculum

This slide displays the primary Education Services offerings that support Juniper NetworksDX Application Acceleration Platform technologies.




Routing technical certification tracks include Service provider track : JUNOSe Platforms

Service provider track : JUNOS Platforms

Enterprise routing track

Routing tracks consist of written and lab-based examination

Technical Certification ProgramsTechnical Certification Programs

Technical Certification Programs: Routing Tracks

This slide outlines the current levels of technical certification offered by Juniper Networks.




Security technical certification programs include ; Firewall/VPN tracks

SSL/IDP tracks

Security certification programs are written examination onlyat this time

Security tracksSecurity tracks

Technical Certification Programs: Security Tracks

This slide outlines the current levels of technical certification offered by Juniper Networks.




Juniper Networks Certified Internet AssociateJuniper Networks Certified Internet Associate

JNCIA Computer-based, written exam Delivered at Prometric testing centers worldwide 60 questions, 60 minutes Passing Score: 70% $125 USD Prerequisite certification: none Benefits provided to JNCIAs:

Certificate Logo usage

Industry recognition

Validates candidates general knowledge of IP technologies,platform operating system, and hardware

The JNCIA Certification

This slide details the JNCIA certification level.




Juniper Networks Certified Internet SpecialistJuniper Networks Certified Internet Specialist

JNCIS Computer-based, written exam Delivered at Prometric testing centers worldwide Prerequisite for the JNCIP lab exam 75 questions, 90 minutes Passing Score: 70% $125 USD Prerequisite certification: none Benefits provided to JNCISs:

Certificate Logo usage Provides ability to take JNCIP exam Industry recognition as an IP and routing platform specialist

Validates candidates advanced knowledge of platform operatingsystem, hardware, and IP technologies

The JNCIS Certification

This slide details the JNCIS certification level.




Juniper Networks Certified Internet ProfessionalJuniper Networks Certified Internet Professional

JNCIP One-day, lab-based exam Tests candidates configuration and

design skills for essential technologies Testing centers: Sunnyvale, Amsterdam, Herndon, Westford,

Remote Prerequisite for the JNCIE lab exam $1,250 USD Prerequisite certification: JNCIS Benefits provided to JNCIPs:

Certificate Logo usage Provides ability to take JNCIE exam Industry recognition as an IP and routing platform professional

Validates candidates practical platform configuration skills

The JNCIP Certification

This slide details the JNCIP certification level.




Juniper Networks Certified Internet ExpertJuniper Networks Certified Internet Expert

JNCIE One-day, lab-based exam Tests candidates advanced configuration & design

skills for essential and specialized technologies Testing centers: Sunnyvale, Amsterdam, Herndon, Remote $1,250 USD Prerequisite certification: JNCIP Currently only available in the M-series routers track Benefits provided to JNCIEs:

Crystal plaque and certificate Logo usage Worldwide recognition as an Internet Expert

The most challenging and respected exam of its type in theindustry

The JNCIE Certification

This slide details the JNCIE certification level.




Certification PreparationCertification PreparationTraining and study resources

JNTCP Website www.juniper.net/certification

Education Services training classes http://www.juniper.net/training

Juniper Networks documents and white papers http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/ http://www.juniper.net/techcenter/

Sybex JNTCP preparation guides JNCIA and JNCIP available February, 2003

Juniper Networks Routers: The Complete Reference Available at bookstores now Covers M-series and T-series platforms

Practical exams: Lots of hands-on practice On-the-job experience Education Services training classes Equipment access

Prepping and Studying

This slide lists some options for those interested in prepping for Juniper Networkscertification.




QuestionsQuestions

Any Questions?

If you have any questions or concerns about the class you are attending, we suggest that youvoice them now so that your instructor can best address your needs during class.



Overview of EOverview of E--Series RouterSeries RouterFeatures and ApplicationsFeatures and Applications


Module 1: Overview E-series Router Features and Applications 1-2



After successfully completing this module, you will be able to: Describe how edge and core router requirements are different

Describe how the E-series routers operate in a B-RAS environment

Describe how the E-series routers operate in a dedicated accessenvironment

Describe the SDX-300 provisioning tool and list its main applications

Explain the purpose and function of the NMC-RX configuration tool

This Chapter Discusses:

The different requirements of edge and core routers;

The E-series router Broadband Remote Access Server (B-RAS)applications;

The E-series router dedicated access applications; and The SDX-300 policy and network resource management system.




Agenda EAgenda E--series Router Features & Applicationsseries Router Features & Applications

Juniper Networks Product PositioningThe Edge vs. the Core

E-series Router B-RAS ApplicationsE-series Router Dedicated Access ApplicationsThe SDX-300 Provisioning Tool

Juniper Networks Router Product Positioning

This chapter gives an overview of the E-series router's features and applications. Thefollowing slides describe how Juniper Networks positions its E-series, J-series, M-series, and T-series routing products, and also discuss key differences between edgeand core router applications.




Juniper Networks Product PositioningJuniper Networks Product Positioning

PSTN/PSTN/MobileMobile

Core (M-series,T-series)

Small/Medium Enterprise

SOHO Large Enterprise

Education

Service Provider Network

Consumer Edge Network

Edge(E-series)

(E-series,M-series)

ResidentialResidential

Business EdgeNetwork

Juniper Networks Router Product Positioning

Today's service provider networks are typically made up of two major components:the network edge and the network core. These two components operate differentlyand have different network device requirements and application focuses.The network edge normally has routers that support large numbers of low- tomedium-speed subscriber interfaces. These subscribers can range from residentialsubscribers with Broadband Remote Access Server (B-RAS) connections toenterprise customers with dedicated lines.Edge devices terminate customer-facing interfaces and must be able to classify anddifferentiate between traffic flows to provide dynamic IP services. Edge devices mightprovide security, virtual private network (VPN) features, and quality of service (QoS).In most cases, the E-series family of edge routers serves network edge applications,although J-series routers and smaller M-series routers are also deployed to addressbusiness edge applications.

In contrast, the network core often has a smaller number of routers that supportfewer, high-speed interfaces. These high-speed interfaces act to aggregate the datafrom large numbers of edge routers and enable efficient long-haul transport. Corerouters might also provide QoS, security, and VPN-related features.

The M-series and T-series routing platforms normally serve network coreapplications.




EE--series Router Market Segmentationseries Router Market Segmentation

ConsumerEdge

BusinessEdge

Edge

IP edge Where service providers meet

their customers

Service provider defines anddelivers services

End users subscribe to services

Two major applications B-RAS

Consumer edge

Subscriber management

Dedicated access

Business edge

Circuit or private-line aggregation

IP Edge

The edge of the network is the entry point for the subscriber or end user. Serviceproviders define and deliver services at the edge of their network and end userssubscribe to these services. The E-series router can deliver exceptional performanceand scalability in the demanding role of an edge router.

Two Major ApplicationsThe E-series router is most often deployed in one of two environments: B-RAS anddedicated access. B-RAS offers service providers the ability to deploy high-speedservices to residential and business customers using a variety of last-miletechnologies. The E-series router currently supports all broadband deployments,including digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) environments, cablemodem head ends, wireless networks, and Ethernet.

The E-series family of products allows service providers to aggregate thousands ofdedicated business connections on a single router, while also providing highlycustomized IP services to each of these businesses. Service providers can use asingle E-series system to offer customers various access line speeds, from fractionalT1, T3, and E3 through 0C3c/STM 1. In turn, the provider can route this traffic intothe core across high-speed connections, such as 0C12c/STM4, 0C48c/STM16,Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet. Circuit aggregation is a phrase sometimesused to describe the aggregation of traffic from many connections onto a few high-speed interfaces.




Juniper Networks Product PositioningThe Edge vs. the Core



E-series Router B-RAS Applications

The following slides discuss the E-series router's support for Broadband RemoteAccess Server (B-RAS) applications




BB--RAS OverviewRAS OverviewWhat is a B-RAS?

Intelligent Layer 3 device aggregating traffic from Layer 2 devices

Provides PPP session termination and authentication

Facilitates IP address assignment

Offers IP QoS per traffic flow

Access

EdgeOC3/STM1OC12/STM4

ATMEthernet

VPN

Internet

DHCP RADIUS Policies

Bridged IPIP over ATM

PPPoEMetro Ethernet

EthernetSwitch

DSLAM

PPPoEPPPoA

DSLAM

Consumer EdgeB-RAS Subscribers

BGP-4OSPFIS-ISMPLS

Multicast

What Is a B-RAS?

Traditional Remote Access Servers provide connections for dial-up customers ofservice providers that use analog modems for IP network access. Dial-up servicesare sometimes called narrowband services because customer access line speedsusually fall in a range of 28 Kbps to 56 Kbps. A B-RAS supplies connectiontermination services for customers using high-speed access devices, such as anxDSL modem, xDSL router, Ethernet, or 802.11x interface. Speeds delivered bythese services can range from 128 Kbps to 30 Mbps, or even faster, so theseservices are typically called broadband services.

A B-RAS is the intelligent layer 3 device that aggregates traffic from layer 2 devices,such as DSLAMs, Ethernet switches, and cable modem termination systems(CMTS). A B-RAS can provide Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) session termination andauthentication in conjunction with RADIUS servers. The B-RAS also works closelywith Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers or uses local IP addresspools to provide IP addresses to subscribers. Operating as a B-RAS, the E-seriesrouter offers superior scalability and performance. The E-series router can also offersophisticated IP QoS services per customer traffic flow.




BB--RAS ApplicationsRAS ApplicationsE-series router B-RAS applications

Traditional Internet access

Wholesaling using virtual routers

VPN services

Video services using multicasting

BGP-4OSPFIS- IS

MPLSMulticast

Access

Edge

OC3/STM1OC12/STM4

ATMEthernet

VPN

Internet


EthernetSwitch

DSLAM

PPPoEPPPoA

DSLAM

Consumer EdgeB-RAS Subscribers

ISP1

PPPoEMetro Ethernet


E-series Router B-RAS Applications

A service provider can use the B-RAS services provided by an E-series router tosupport several kinds of products.

In the traditional application, the service provider provides.traditional Internet accessto its customers. In this application, it uses the E-series router to terminate residentialcustomer connections and provide them with connectivity to the Internet.Using virtual routers, the service provider can also wholesale part of its E-seriesrouter and network infrastructure to other service providers or retailers. The E-seriessystem can support multiple virtual routers with separate, secure routing tables.Using virtual routers, the service provider can keep wholesale customers completelyisolated from each other, as well as from the service provider's own retail customers.

A service provider can also use the E-series router to offer sophisticated virtualprivate network (VPN) services.

Finally, a service provider can use the E-series router's multicasting capabilities tooffer video services to its residential customers. IP multicasting improves networkefficiency for the service provider by allowing a host to transmit a single datagramthat is received by multiple end-user devices that are part of a targeted set.




BB--RAS ConnectivityRAS ConnectivitySubscriber interfaces

xDSL, cable modem, 802.11x, Ethernet with VLAN tags

IP over bridged Ethernet, IP over ATM, PPPoE, PPPoA

B-RAS interfaces Dynamic interface and address assignment allowing over-subscription

ATM, Ethernet

BGP-4OSPFIS-ISMPLS

Multicast

OC3/STM1OC12/STM4SONET/ATM

10 GigabitEthernet

Access

Edge

OC3/STM1OC12/STM4

ATMEthernet

VPN

Internet


EthernetSwitch

DSLAM

PPPoEPPPoA

DSLAM

Consumer Edge B-RAS Subscribers

PPPoEMetro Ethernet


Subscriber Interfaces

B-RAS subscriber access methods include the family of xDSL technologies, cablemodems, 802.11x wireless networks, and Ethernet using either copper- or fiber-based physical media. These customer lines are aggregated in a DSLAM, CMTS, orEthernet switch.

To obtain service over these links, customers typically use either PPP over Ethernet(PPPoE) or PPP over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) (PPPoA). These accessmethods maintain the current dial-up model, complete with centralized userauthentication, authorization, and accounting (MA) using RADIUS. Customers canalso use IP over bridged Ethernet or IP over ATM (IPoA) to gain access to thenetwork. These last two approaches provide connections that are always on andrequire no authentication or authorization.

B-RAS InterfacesThe B-RAS can aggregate customer traffic from multiple devices, such as ATM orEthernet switches. DSLAMs typically connect to the E-series router through ATM orEthernet connections, while CMTSs typically connect through Ethernet connections.

Continued on next page.



B-RAS Interfaces (contd.)

With ATM-based access, the provider normally provisions an ATM permanent virtualcircuit (PVC) to each xDSL device. This PVC allows each household member toestablish a unique PPP session to the E-series router. The IP interfaces associatedwith this PPP session can be created dynamically. Dynamic IP interfaces can also becreated for other B-RAS access methods. With Ethernet-based access, the providertypically implements stacked virtual local area networks (S-VLANs). In thisenvironment, one VLAN is provisioned for each Ethernet-based DSLAM. Within thisVLAN, additional VLAN are provisioned, one for each xDSL device. In contrast,dedicated access applications typically require static configuration of the customer'sinterface and IP addressing parameters.

The dynamic nature of a B-RAS also allows the E-series system to beoversubscribed, based on the assumption that not all end users are active at thesame time. On the other hand, dedicated access applications typically allow for muchless oversubscription, if any.




BB--RASRAS--Related Services and ProtocolsRelated Services and Protocols

BGP-4OSPFIS-IS

MPLSMulticast

OC3/STM1OC12/STM4

SONET/ATM10 GigabitEthernet

Access

Edge

OC3/STM1OC12/STM4

ATMEthernet

VPN

Internet


EthernetSwitch

DSLAM

Consumer Edge B-RAS Subscribers

Required services DHCP

RADIUS AAA

Associated protocols PPP

DHCP L2TP

IGMP

PPPoEMetro Ethernet


DSLAMPPPoEPPPoA

Main B-RAS Services

As a B-RAS, the E-series system must support specific services and protocolscommonly deployed in B-RAS environments. In a consumer edge environment,workstations might use DHCP to obtain an IP address. Depending on the networkapplication, you can configure the E-series system to support workstations getting IPaddresses dynamically by acting as a DHCP relay agent, acting as a DHCP localserver, or working together with external DHCP servers.

In dial-up environments using PPP, RADIUS AAA servers traditionally provided userpassword authentication, user authorization, and user accounting services to supportbilling for dial-up customers. The E-series system can work with RADIUS servers tomaintain this traditional authentication and billing model for broadband technologies.Common B-RAS Protocols

When terminating PPPoA and PPPoE sessions, PPP and RADIUS provide theutilities required to authenticate customers and perform accounting services. The E-series system can also enable VPN support by tunnelling PPP sessions using theLayer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP). Any E-series B-RAS can act as an L2TP accessconcentrator (LAC). With the addition of a service module or a line module thatsupports the use of shared tunnel-server ports, the E-series system can also act as aL2TP network server (LNS).




Common B-RAS Protocols (contd.)

The E-series system provides a comprehensive suite of IP multicast tools, includingthe Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), the Distance Vector MulticastRouting Protocol (DVMRP), and Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) sparse anddense mode. These can be used to support content delivery services in a B-RASenvironment.




Juniper Networks Product Positioning The Edge vs. the Core



E-series Router Dedicated Access Applications

The following slides discuss E-series edge router support for dedicated accessapplications.




Dedicated Access OverviewDedicated Access OverviewWhat is dedicated access?

Private, static customer connection into the Internet or a VPN

Connections between providers within the Internet

Makes use of traditional Layer 2 protocols

Frame Relay, PPP, or Ethernet

Wide range of physical connectivity

T3/E3, CT3, COCx/STMx, GE, 10 GE, OCx/STMx

Dedicated Access Enterprise Customers

BGP4OSPFIS-ISL2TP

MPLS VPNs

Tier 2ISP Network

OC3/STM1OC12/STM4POS/ATM10 GigabitEthernet

Access

Edge

Tier 2ISP Network

CT3COC3/STM1

COC12/STM4

T1/E1 ADMADM

FT1/E1

ADM

Gigabit Ethernet

10 Gigabit Ethernet VPN

Internet

What Is Dedicated Access?

Dedicated access defines the use of private (sometimes called leased) facilities toprovide an individual business or enterprise site with a connection into the Internet ora VPN. Internet service providers (ISPs) connect to other ISPs using dedicatedaccess connections. Typically, the IP addresses used on these connections are staticin nature, unlike broadband remote access server (B-RAS) access lines. Dedicatedaccess lines typically employ traditional Layer 2 protocols, such as the Point-to-PointProtocol (PPP), Ethernet, ATM, and VLANs. In this application, the E-series routeraggregates many private lines onto a single, high-speed uplink, which feeds into anIP backbone. These Layer 2 protocols can use a wide range of physical connectivityincluding T3/E3, channelized T3, channelized 0C3/STM1 and 0C12/STM4, FastEthernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10-Gigabit Ethernet, 0C3/STM1, 0C12/STM4, and0C48/STM16. This chapter discusses the configuration and troubleshooting of PPP,Ethernet, ATM, and VLAN interfaces.




Dedicated Access ApplicationsDedicated Access ApplicationsTraditional private-line aggregation

Consolidating multiple low- and high-speed access lines into a singleaggregation point

Virtual private networks Layer 2 virtual circuitsFrame Relay or ATM

Virtual routers

BGP MPLS VPNs (RFC 2547)

IPSec

Traffic engineering using MPLSIP QoS

Multi-field classification

Rate limits

Policy routing

Private-Line Aggregation

The most common deployment model of routers supporting dedicated accessservices is the consolidation of numerous low-speed interfaces onto a few high-speed links to the network's core routers. The result is that a few high-speed links tothe core can support the traffic received from, and destined to, many individual low-speed subscriber lines.

Virtual Private Networks

Service providers can also use dedicated access to support the establishment ofVPN services. A VPN service provides a private network, so it enables the use ofprivate and/or overlapping address space and provides enhanced security throughencryption, traffic segregation, or both. The E-series router can provide layer 2 andlayer 3 VPN services using virtual routers, the Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)/Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), VPNs, L2TP, and/or IP Security(IPSec).




Traffic Engineering

The E-series router can provide traffic engineering through MPLS-based virtualcircuits, referred to as label-switched paths (LSPs). The E-series router uses LSPs tofacilitate the efficient use of network capacity. By directing certain types of traffic overpredefined paths, the service provider can override the forwarding decisions thatwould be made by the interior gateway protocol (IGP) to prevent congestion and toback up QoS guarantees.IP QoS

The E-series router allows a service provider to provide IP QoS to a dedicatedaccess customer requiring specialized traffic handling as part of a particular service-level agreement (SLA). QoS classification can be based on various packet fields, andthe router can provide traffic prioritization, rate limiting, and policy-based routing asneeded.




Dedicated Access: Routing ProtocolsDedicated Access: Routing Protocols

E-series router supports carrier-grade routing protocols BGP

OSPF

IS-IS

RIP

Dedicated Access Enterprise Customers

BGP-4OSPFIS-ISL2TP

MPLS VPNs

Tier 2ISP Network

OC3/STM1OC12/STM4SONET/ATM10 GigabitEthernet

Access

Edge

CT3CHOC3/STM1

CHOC12/STM4

T1/E1 ADMADM

FT1/E1

ADM

VPN

Internet

Tier 2ISP Network

Gigabit Ethernet

10 Gigabit Ethernet

Routing Protocols

The E-series system is a carrier-class router that fully supports both the interior andexterior standards-based IP routing protocols used by service providers. The E-seriessystem supports the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) as an exterior gateway protocol(EGP). The system also supports all of the standards-based IGPs. Service providerstypically use the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) routing protocols to provide routing within their network.The E-series router also supports the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), which issometimes used to receive dynamic routing information from customers on customer-facing interfaces.




Juniper Networks Product Positioning The Edge vs. the Core



The SDX-300 Policy and Network Management System

The following slides discuss the functionality of the SDX-300 policy and networkresource management system.




SDXSDX--300 Overview300 OverviewWhat is it?

Web-based portal for on-demand subscriber service selection andservice activation

Residential and enterprise environments

What Is the SDX-300?

The Service Deployment System (SDX-300) is a Web-based portal that supports on-demand subscriber service selection and service activation. A sample deploymentmight be to support residential B-RAS customers who want to dynamically manageand control their own Internet connections. Through the portal, residential subscriberscan upgrade or downgrade the speed of their Internet connections. The residentialsubscriber can activate a content service, such as on-line gaming or videos ondemand, and only be charged for the content service while it is active.

An enterprise deployment might allow an IT manager to control the access lineswithin an enterprise network. With the SDX-300, the IT manager can give certaintypes of traffic preference over others. Using the SDX-300, the IT manager canassign voice-over-IP (VolP) traffic to a higher queue and normal Web traffic to alower queue on the E-series router. The IT manager might also want to dynamicallyincrease the bandwidth on a specific access line during end-of-month processing.




ISP1

ISP2E-series

Subscribers &Services Directory

SubscriberProfile

Service Profile

Application Profile

CustomizedNetwork Profile

DNS/DHCP, RadiusServer Integration

Subscribers &Services Directory

SubscriberProfile

Service Profile

Application Profile

CustomizedNetwork Profile

DNS/DHCP, RadiusServer Integration

Service AccountingRADIUS

COPS

ServiceEngineServiceEngine

Service Activation

LDAP

The SDXThe SDX--300 Tool Kit300 Tool Kit

Residential

Subscribers

EnterpriseSubscribers

ContentProvider

Policies viaCOPS

The SDX-300 Tool Kit

You can think of the SDX-300 as a software toolkit. A few of the tools in the kitinclude a demonstration portal that service providers can use as a starting point forcustomized portal development, a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)-based directory for storing subscriber and service information, a Service engine foractivating services on subscriber interfaces, and a RADIUS server for serviceaccounting. Service providers can use these tools to quickly define and deploy newrevenue-generating services and enhance their subscribers' network experience,while retaining full control of their underlying network.

The SDX-300 enables service providers to take full advantage of Juniper NetworksE-series routers' ability to assign policies to individual IP interfaces and provide avariety of sophisticated IP services. When a subscriber selects a particular serviceusing the SDX-300's service selection portal, the SDX-300's service engine retrievesthe appropriate service policies and subscriber profiles from an LDAP-baseddirectory. Using the Common Open Policy Service (COPS) protocol, the serviceactivation engine dynamically configures policies on the subscriber's IP interface.Using these dynamic policy rules, the E-series router manages the subscriber'sservice and generates RADIUS service accounting records. These serviceaccounting records are stored in a RADIUS database, where they can later beaccessed by billing applications.




Review QuestionsReview Questions

1.What are two ways in which core and edge routers differ?

2.What are two similarities and two differences between B-RAS and dedicated access services?

3.In what two ways can the SDX-300 provisioning system bedeployed?

4.What is the purpose of the NMC-RX application?

This Chapter Discussed:

The differing requirements of edge and core routers;

The E-series router B-RAS applications; The E-series router dedicated access applications; and

The SDX-300 policy and network resource management system.



EE--series Routerseries RouterHardware ArchitectureHardware Architecture

OverviewOverview


Module 2: E-series Hardware Architecture 2-2



After successfully completing this module, you will be able to: Identify the Juniper Networks, Inc. E-series routers

Describe the E-series systems carrier reliability features

List and describe basic E-series router system architecture and hardwarecomponents

Understand factors affecting wire-speed performance and how to controloversubscription

Understand the basic packet flow through an E-series router

Describe SRP redundancy options

Describe line module redundancy configuration and operation

This Chapter Discusses: Juniper Networks, Inc. E-series routers;

The E-series system's carrier reliability features; The E-series system architecture and hardware components;

Factors affecting wire-speed performance and how to control oversubscription;

The packet flow through an E-series router; Switch route processor (SRP) redundancy; and

Line module redundancy configuration and operation.




Agenda: EAgenda: E--series Router Hardware Architectureseries Router Hardware Architecture

E-series Product Family and Chassis TypesERX-14xx/7xx/310 ArchitectureERX320 ArchitecturePacket FlowRedundancyHardware installation Notes

E-series Product Family and Chassis TypesThis chapter discusses the E-series router's hardware architecture. The following slides discuss the E-series product family, including the different chassis types and carrier reliability features.




EE--series Product Family (1 of 2)series Product Family (1 of 2)

ERX-320 Router Large POPs and mega-POPs Wire-speed performance to line modules capacity 12 slots for line modules 100-Gbps or 320-Gbps switch fabric

ERX-1440 Router Large POPs Wire-speed performance through OC48c 12 slots for line module 40-Gbps switching capacity

ERX-1410 Router Medium to large POP 12 slots for line module 10-Gbps switching capacity

E320 RouterThe E320 router is specifically designed to deliver high-bandwidth edge connectivity with wire-rateforwarding and quality of service (QoS). The chassis supports 12 line modules. With the 100-Gbpsswitch fabric configuration, the E320 router is designed to allocate 10-Gbps throughput (in eachdirection) to each of the turbo slots (slots 2-3 and slots 4-5) and can terminate up to 64,000 subscriberconnections.

With the 320-Gbps switch fabric configuration, the E320 router allocates 10 Gbps of overall bandwidthto each regular slot and is capable of allocating 40 Gbps of overall bandwidth to each of the turbo slots.Using the 320-Gbps switch fabric configuration, the E320 router can terminate up to 96,000 subscriberconnections. The shipping system will scale to support 128,000 subscribers in the future. The releasenotes identify all system maximums for a given software release. The E320 router supports SONETconnections from 0C3c/STM1 through 0C48c/STM16, ATM, packet over SONET (POS), GigabitEthernet, and 10-Gigabit Ethernet.The E320 router does not share hardware components with the ERX-xxx routers, but it does runJUNOSe software.

ERX-1440 Router

The ERX-1440 router is well suited for the larger points of presence (POPs) or locations requiring high-bandwidth configurations. This system has 12 slots for line modules and has a switching capacity of 40Gbps. The ERX-1440 router aggregates thousands of subscribersboth broadband remote accessserver (B-RAS) and private lineonto high-bandwidth uplinks, such as 0C48c/STM16.ERX-1410 Router

The ERX-1410 router is well suited for medium to large POPs. This system supports 12 line modulesand has a switching capacity of 10 Gbps. It supports a variety of interfaces, ranging in speed fromCT1/CE1 to 0C12c/STM4.




EE--series Product Family (2 of 2)series Product Family (2 of 2)ERX-705 and ERX-710 Routers

Environments where space is at a premium 5 slots for line modules 5-Gbps or 10-Gbps switch fabric

ERX-310 Router Small, distributed environments 2 slots for line module 10-Gbps switch fabric

ERX-1440, ERX-1410, ERX-7xx, andERX 310 routers share common linemodules and input/output (I/O) modules

ERX-7xx RouterThe ERX-705 and ERX-710 routers are well-suited for small or medium POPs. This system supportsup to five line modules and has a switching capacity of 5 Gbps (ERX-705) or 10 Gbps (ERX-710). Likethe ERX-1410 router, the ERX-7xx routers aggregate both B-RAS and private-line subscribers ontohigh-bandwidth uplinks, such as 0C3c/STM1 or 0C12c/STM4.

ERX-310 RouterThe ERX-310 router is designed for small, distributed environments. This router supports two linemodules and has a switching capacity of 10 Gbps. The ERX-310 router supports connections up to0C12c/STM4 and Gigabit Ethernet.

Common Line Modules

All E-series routers allow service providers to offer broadband session termination for some users,private-line services for others, and wholesale support for partners. The ERX-1440, ERX-1410, ERX-7xx, and ERX-310 routers perform these functions using the same line modules, allowing you to use asingle set of spares for all these models as well as allowing you to easily migrate between models.However, there are some compatibility restrictions. Please refer to the ERX Module Guide for detailedmodule compatibility information.




Carrier ReliabilityCarrier Reliability

Designed for continuous availability Redundant line modules

Redundant file system

Hot-swappable components

Distributed DC power

Maximum rack density

NEBS Level 3 compliant

ERX-310 does not offerredundant SRPs, line modules

or file system

Nonstop PerformanceThe E-series router is designed for continuous availability. The E-series router offers 1:n line moduleredundancy. In a redundant configuration, one standby line module can back up n number of activemodules. In the case of line card failure, the redundant line module can take control without requiring atechnician to swap cables. The services continue to run, and the subscriber downtime is minimal. Inthe event of a failure, system disruption is minimal, as you can remove and replace the line moduleswhile the system is powered on. The file system is stored on redundant PCMCIA flash cards that canbe synchronized automatically.

The E-series router also supports redundant switch route processors (SRPs) and can seamlesslyswitch from the active to standby SRP in many configurations. The E320 switch fabric is also designedto provide redundancy with seamless failover.The E-series router runs on -48-volt DC power. The power distribution panel has redundantconnections for the -48 volts, which are applied to redundant power busses on the system's midplane.Each line module is equipped with its own power conversion module, which draws on the -48 volts andgenerates the operating voltages for the card. With this innovative design, there is no central powersupply whose failure would affect the entire chassis. (We also offer the ERX-310 platform in an AC-powered model. In that model, each power supply contains a power converter to supply DC power tothe chassis.)




Nonstop Performance (contd.)

In the ERX-14xx series, air is drawn in through a built-in plenum on the bottom front of the unit, acrossthe line modules, and out through a fan tray in the top of the chassis. Each ERX-14xx series router hasan angled piece of metal built into the bottom of the chassis, allowing up to three units to be stacked ina single equipment rack. If an

ERX-7xx router must be racked above an ERX-14xx series router, you must install a plenum on top ofthe ERX-14xx series router to allow adequate airflow. The plenum is not integrated into the ERX-7xxseries routers.The E-series routers are Level 3 Network Equipment Building Systems (NEBS) certified. NEBSverification, based on Telecordia guidelines, certifies that the system is optically, electrically, andphysically compatible with new and existing network environments.

ERX-310 RouterThe ERX-310 router's design reflects the fact that it was designed to operate in a different environmentthan the other E-series routers. Its small form factor is designed for locations where space is at apremium. Additionally, it supports AC power inputs, as it might be deployed in locations without pre-existing DC power. However, due to its small size, it does not support redundant SRPs, switch fabrics,line modules, or file systems.





E-series Product Family and Chassis TypesERX-14xx/7xx/310 ArchitectureERX320 ArchitecturePacket FlowRedundancyHardware installation Notes

ERX-14xx/7xV310 ArchitectureThe following slides discuss the ERX-14xx, ERX-7xx, and ERX-310 router architecture, including theswitching capacity of each model, oversubscription, and the significance of slot groups.




ERXERX--310, ERX310, ERX--7xx & ERX7xx & ERX--14xx System Architecture14xx System Architecture

FrontLine Modules

RearI/O Modules

Connectionvia

Passive Midplane

SRP with Optional Redundant SRP

SRP I/O Module

40 1 2 3 5 6 7 8Slot # 9 10 1311 12

ERX-310, ERX-7xx, and ERX-14xx System Architecture OverviewThe E-series router uses a highly distributed, multiprocessor architecture that pushes packetprocessing functions to each line module in the system. The midplane is built with passive componentsand provides the connections for distributing the clock and enabling module-to-module communication.The modules that attach to the midplane include:

Line modules: These modules are located in the front of the E-series router and handlepacket processing and packet forwarding. They do not have physical connectors. The ERX-1410 chassis supports 12 line modules. The ERX-705 chassis supports five line modulesinstalled horizontally (not shown). The ERX-310 chassis supports two line modules installedhorizontally (not shown).

Input/output modules: I/O modules are installed in the rear of the E-series system andprovide the physical ports for the network connections. These modules have passivecomponents and a high mean time between failure (MTBF). The I/O modules are mated withcompatible line modules through a passive midplane. The I/O modules and line modules aremanufactured to prevent an I/O module from being mated with an incompatible line module.

Switch route processor: The SRP connects all the internal data paths in the chassis via theswitch fabric. It also performs the routing protocol processing. The route processor runs therouting protocol processes, such as OSPF and BGP, and sends routing tables and updatesto the line modules. Each line module maintains separate forwarding tables, enabling it tomake forwarding decisions locally. This design takes the route processor out of theforwarding path for most traffic. The SRPs are installed in slot 0 in the ERX-310 router, slots0 and 1 in the ERX-7xx router, and in slots 6 and 7 in the ERX-14xx router. The SRP used inthe ERX-310 is not interchangeable with the SRP used in the ERX-710 and ERX-1410, eventhough both have 10-Gbps switch fabrics.




ERXERX--310, ERX310, ERX--7xx and ERX7xx and ERX--14xx14xx SRPsSRPsRoute processor

Monitors and manages the system

Processes routing protocol messages, maintain routing table

Provides management interface (CLI, SNMP)

Manages the chassis clock

Switch fabric Manages internal connections between ingress and egress ports

5, 10 cell-based

40 Gbps frame-based

Route ProcessorThe route processor is responsible for the following tasks:

Software image and configuration file storage using a PCMCIA flash card (currently, a 1 gigabyte flashcard ships with each SRP);Booting the system and downloading the executable software image to each line module;

Running all routing protocol processes, such as BGP, OSPF or IS-IS;

Monitoring fans, power, and temperature;Controlling the SRP I/O module, which provides a RS232 console port via a null modem cable as wellas a 10/100 Ethernet port for management; and

Managing the command-line interface.

Switch FabricThe switch fabric is a high-performance 5-, 10-, or 40-Gbps switching fabric that connects all theinternal data paths in the chassis. The 5-Gbps and 10-Gbps switching fabric is cell-based and the 40-Gbps switching fabric uses a high-speed serial interface. The The fabric's functions include buffermanagement, queuing, scheduling, and packet discard. It also manages the internal connectionsbetween ingress and egress ports.

Each ERX-310, ERX-7xx, and ERX-14xx router requires one SRP; however, an additional SRP istypically installed for redundancy. The ERX-310 router only supports a single SRP.




55--Gbps and 10Gbps and 10--Gbps Switch FabricGbps Switch FabricHow do the line

modules connectto the switchfabric?

What is a slotgroup?

LineModule

LineModule

LineModule

2 x UTOPIA II622 Mbps

(622*2=1.25)

LineModule

Switch Fabric5 or 10 Gbps

SlotGroup 1

2.5 Gbps

SlotGroup 22.5 Gbps

SlotGroup 32.5 Gbps

SlotGroup 4

2.5 Gbps


(622*2=1.25)

Line Module and Switch Fabric ConnectionThe E-series router uses the switch fabric to interconnect all line modules within the router. The switchfabric operates at 5 Gbps (ERX-705), 10 Gbps (ERX-310, ERX-710, and ERX-1410), or 40 Gbps(ERX-1440). The line modules use Universal Test and Operations Physical Interface ATM (UTOPIA II)buses to communicate with the switch fabric. Both the ERX-7xx and ERX-1410 routers support eightpairs of UTOPIA II buses.

Slot GroupsEach UTOPIA II bus is wired to a specific group of line modules. We refer to this specific group of linemodules as a slot group. When an SRP-5G+ (providing a 5-Gbps switch fabric) or SRP-10G (providinga 10-Gbps switch fabric) is installed in an ERX-7xx or ERX-1410 router, each slot group has two activeUTOPIA II buses. For example, this slide shows a 10-Gbps switch fabric. If this fabric was installed inan ERX-1410 router, then you would see that the router has four slot groups with three line modulesper slot group. Each slot within a slot group shares the pair of UTOPIA II buses.

The older SRP-5G, which is no longer sold, used only one of the wired UTOPIA II buses in each slotgroup.




ERXERX--1410 and ERX1410 and ERX--705 Slot Groups705 Slot Groups

ERX-1410Edge Routing Switch

SlotGroup

2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

SlotGroup

1Slot

Group4

SlotGroup

3

0

5

4

3

2

1

Slot Group 1

Slot Group 2Slot Group 3Slot Group 46

ERX-1410 and ERX-705 Slot GroupsA slot group is a specific group of card slots that share common UTOPIA II buses. The E-series routeris organized into slot groups through the system's midplane. A slot group in an ERX-1410 router ismade up of three adjacent chassis slots.

The ERX-1410 slot groups are: Slot group 1: slots 0-2;

Slot group 2: slots 3-5;

Slot group 3: slots 8-10; and Slot group 4: slots 11-13.

The ERX-705 slot groups are:

Slot group 1: slots 2-3; Slot group 2: slot 4;

Slot group 3: slot 5; and Slot group 4: slot 6.




Calculating Switching Capacity (Part 1 of 2)Calculating Switching Capacity (Part 1 of 2)

LineModule

LineModule

LineModule


(622*2=1.25)

LineModule

Switch Fabric10 Gbps

(5 Gbps per switch)

SlotGroup 12.5 Gbps

SlotGroup 2

2.5 Gbps

SlotGroup 32.5 Gbps

SlotGroup 42.5 Gbps


(622*2=1.25)

Calculating Switching CapacityEach UTOPIA II bus operates at 622 Mbps, full duplex. A 10-Gbps switch fabric provides two UTOPIAII buses to each slot group and two UTOPIA II buses from each slot group. Each slot group provides1.25-Gbps full-duplex bandwidth, or approximately 2.5-Gbps total bandwidth. There are four slotgroups per E-series router. Therefore, [(622 * 2 inbound bandwidth) + (622 * 2 outbound bandwidth)] *4 slot groups = 10 Gbps.

Two 5-Gbps switchesreferred to as the top and bottom switchesprovide the 10-Gbps switch fabriccapacity. Each of the two UTOPIA II buses from each slot group each connect to a different switch.The same is true for the connections from the switches to the slot group. So, each switch provides halfthe bandwidth available to each slot group (622 Mbps per switch in each direction, or 1.25 Gbps intotal). Each kind of line module is designed to use a particular switch, to use both switches, or to useeither switch.




Calculating Switching Capacity (Part 2 of 2)Calculating Switching Capacity (Part 2 of 2)

LineModule

LineModule

LineModule


(622*2=1.25)

LineModule

Switch Fabric5 Gbps

(2.5 Gbps per switch)

SlotGroup 12.5 Gbps

SlotGroup 2

2.5 Gbps

SlotGroup 32.5 Gbps

SlotGroup 42.5 Gbps


(622*2=1.25)

Calculating Switching CapacityEach UTOPIA II bus operates at 622 Mbps, full duplex. With the 5-Gbps switch fabric (found on theSRP-5G+), all UTOPIA II busses are active, but the overall switch fabric capacity is still only 5 Gbps.Bandwidth is allocated to each slot group based on the requirements of the installed line modules. Likethe 10-Gbps switch fabric, the 5-Gbps switch fabric has two switches that each provide 2.5 Gbps ofswitching capacity. The two UTOPIA II buses from each slot group each connect to a different switch.The same is true for the connections from the switches to the slot group. So, each switch provides halfthe bandwidth available to each slot group (622 Mbps per switch in each direction, or 1.25 Gbps intotal).




Guaranteeing WireGuaranteeing Wire--Rate PerformanceRate Performance

To guarantee full line-rateperformance on the ERX-7xx/1410: Sum of the line modules

bandwidth cannot exceed theslot group overall bandwidth

Sum of the line modulesbandwidth per switch cannotexceed the slot groupbandwidth for that switch

ERX-705 only : sum of all linemodules bandwidth cannotexceed 5 Gbps


SlotGroup

2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

SlotGroup

1Slot

Group4

SlotGroup

3

Guaranteeing Full Wire-Rate PerformanceThe system proportionally allocates bandwidth to each line module within a slot group based on theline modules' bandwidth requirements. If one line module within a slot group is busy and one linemodule is idle, the available bandwidth is dynamically reallocated to the busy line module. When theidle line module becomes active, the bandwidth is once again reallocated. Note, however, thatbandwidth cannot be shared between slot groups.

For line modules to offer wire-rate performance, the sum of the line module bandwidths in a slot groupcannot exceed the slot group bandwidth nor can the sum of the bandwidth the line modules in a slotgroup require of each switch exceed the amount of bandwidth that switch can provide to that slotgroup. Also, for the ERX-705 the sum of the bandwidth of all cards in the chassis cannot exceed 5Gbps.The default behavior on the E-series router is to have bandwidth oversubscription enabled. You canconfigure the E-series router to prohibit oversubscription with the CLI command no bandwidthoversubscription.

The JUNOSe System Basics Configuration Guide documents the amount of bandwidth each linemodule requires and the switch(es) it uses.




WireWire--Rate Performance ExamplesRate Performance Examples

Example ERX-7xx router with SRP-10G

Gigabit Ethernet line moduleconsumes approxximately 2.46Gbps and uses both switches

Install only one GE line moduleper slot group

Example ERX-1410 router with SRP-10G

OCx/STMx ATM line moduleconsumes 1.22 Gbps and usesboth switches

Install no more two OCx/STMxATM line module per slot group


SlotGroup

2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

SlotGroup

1Slot

Group4

SlotGroup

3

Example 1Assume we have an ERX-710 router. This configuration provides 2.5-Gbps total bandwidth to each slotgroup, half of which is provided by each switch. A Gigabit Ethernet line module requires 2.46-Gbpsbandwidth and uses both switches. To guarantee wire-rate performance, we can install only oneGigabit Ethernet module in a slot group. The other slots in the slot group must remain unoccupied.

Example 2To consider another example, assume we have an ERX-1410 router with a 10-Gbps switch fabric. Thisconfiguration provides 2.5-Gbps total bandwidth to each slot group, half of which is provided by eachswitch. An OCx/STMx ATM line module requires 1.22-Gbps bandwidth and uses both switches. Toguarantee wire-rate performance, we can only install two OCx/STMx line modules in a slot group. Theother slots in the slot group must remain unoccupied.

If we want to ensure that we do not accidentally install cards later that will cause oversubscription, wemust configure the system with the no bandwidth oversubscription configuration option. We mustreboot the router for this configuration change to take effect. We can verify this configuration optionusing the CLI command show bandwidth oversubscription.

For more examples of card combinations that guarantee line-rate performance, refer to the JUNOSeSystem Basics Configuration Guide. Also, note that some line modules are not compatible with allsystems. Please refer to the [-series Module Guide for detailed module compatibility information.




Oversubscribing a Slot GroupOversubscribing a Slot GroupTo allow slot group bandwidth

oversubscription: Use any combination of cards in a slot

group

Line modules automatically adjustbandwidth depending on bandwidthavailable

Dual-port OC3 and FE-2 line modulesdo not adjust bandwidth

Example: ERX-1410 router with 10-Gbps fabric

Gigabit Ethernet line moduleconsumes approximately 2.46 Mbps

Install two or three Gigabit Ethernetline modules per slot group


SlotGroup

2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

SlotGroup

1Slot

Group4

SlotGroup

3

Allowing Slot Group Bandwidth OversubscriptionIf less than wire-rate performance is acceptable, the sum of the line module bandwidths in a slot groupcan exceed the slot group bandwidth. This behavior is allowed if the configuration command bandwidthoversubscription is configured, which is the default configuration on the E-series router. To allow lowerthan wire-rate performance, you can use any combination of line modules in any slot. In this mode, allline modules automatically adjust their bandwidth use depending on the bandwidth available. Forexample, if one line module is idle, the other line modules in the slot group can take advantage of theextra bandwidth.

ExampleAssume we have an ERX-710 router. This configuration provides 2.5-Gbps total bandwidth to each slotgroup, half of which is provided by each switch. A Gigabit Ethernet line module requires approximately2.46-Gbps bandwidth. To oversubscribe the slot group and allow lower than wire-rate performance,two or three Gigabit Ethernet line modules can be installed in a single slot group.




Route Update ProcessingRoute Update Processing

UTOPIA I

UTOPIA I

LineModule

LineModule

LineModule

LineModule

RouteProcessor

Switch Fabric 10 Gbps

25 Mbps in-bandfor routing updates

RouteUpdate

Routing table updates every3 seconds

Control Bus(Serial)

Routing Table ProcessingThe route processor function of the SRP runs the routing protocols and generates the routing tablesdistributed to the individual line modules. When a routing update arrives at a line module, thedestination address is evaluated for forwarding. All packets with a local destination address or a well-known multicast address are sent to the route processor. There are mechanisms in place to prevent atraffic storm from overwhelming the SRP or its connection to the switch fabric. The route processorevaluates the information received in the routing update packet and determines if any routinginformation needs to be updated.

Every 3 seconds, the route processor distributes routing table changes to each affected line module.Routing tables are distributed from the route processor to the line modules using a 25-Mbps in-bandUTOPIA I interface. If no change occurred, the route processor does not send any updates.




ERXERX--1440 Hardware Architecture1440 Hardware Architecture

1.25Gbps

1.25Gbps

1.25Gbps 1.25

Gbps

Control Bus(Serial)

RouteProcessor

Switch Fabric (40 Gbps)

LineCard

Slot0

I/OA

LineCard

Slot1

I/OA

SRP

Slot6

I/OA

SRP

Slot7

I/OA

LineCard

Slot8

I/OA

LineCard

Slot9

I/OA

LineCard

Slot10

I/OA

LineCard

Slot11

I/OA

5.0 Gbps 5.0 Gbps

5.0 Gbps 5.0 Gbps

LineCard

Slot12

I/OA

LineCard

Slot13

I/OA

LineCard

Slot2

I/OA

LineCard

Slot3

I/OA

LineCard

Slot4

I/OA

LineCard

Slot5

I/OA

140 Mbps(proprietary bus)

ERX-1440 Hardware ArchitectureArchitecturally, the ERX-1440 router operates in the same fashion as the ERX-705 and ERX-1410routers. The main difference is the switch fabric capacity. The ERX-1440 uses the same basic chassisenclosure as the ERX-1410 router, but it supports a new midplane and the 40-Gbps switch fabric. TheERX-1440 router supports the existing ASIC line modules but does not support the low-speed, non-ASIC line modules. For detailed line module compatibility information, please refer to the E-seriesModule Guide.

The 40-Gbps switch fabric is measured in the same way as the 5-Gbps and 10-Gbps fabrics (40 Gbpstotal, 20 Gbps in each direction). This switch fabric sends and receives data at a rate of 1.25 Gbps ineach direction per slot. With this fabric, all line modules operate at wire speed, eliminating previous slotgroup configuration limitations.Juniper Networks designed the 40-Gbps switch fabric for customers who require both full-performancebandwidth as well as 0C48c network uplinks. The fabric includes two slots with additional bandwidth(10 Gbps total, 5 Gbps in each direction) to support 0C48 line modules. The 0C48 line module is adouble-wide card that can only be installed in slots 2/3 and 4/5. Configuring both 0C48 slots on thesame side of the switch fabric allows the E-series router to support a redundancy midplane for the0C48 line card. These slots also support regular, single-slot, ASIC-based cards. The card typesingle-wide versus double-wideis automatically detected when installed.

Line modules connect to the 40-Gbps switch fabric using a high-speed serial link instead of UTOPIA IIbuses. Line modules actually have two different types of connections installed: a high-speed serialinterface and the UTOPIA II buses. When a line module is connected to the 5- or 10-Gbps fabric, theUTOPIA II buses are active. When a line module is connected to the 40-Gbps fabric, the high-speedserial interface is active.





E-series Product Family and Chassis TypesERX-14xx/7xx/310 ArchitectureERX-320 ArchitecturePacket FlowRedundancyHardware installation Notes

E320 ArchitectureThis following slides discuss the architecture of the E320 Broadband Services Router.




E320 ArchitectureE320 Architecture

FrontLine Modules

AccessUplink

RearI/O Adapters

Connectionvia

Passive Midplane

SRPs (slot 6 and 7 positioned on top) and SwitchFabric Modules (slots 8-10 on the bottom)

PDU and SRPI/O Adapter

40 1 2 3 5 11Slot # 12 13 1614 15

E320 Architecture OverviewLike the other E-series routers, the E320 router uses a highly distributed, multiprocessor architecture toallow distributed wire-rate forwarding and QoS. The components include:

Input/output adapters: I/O adapters are installed in the rear of the E-series system andprovide the physical ports for the network connections. Up to two half-height or one full-height I/O adapter can be installed in each slot. The E320 I/O adapters handle some of thelayer 2 processing and communicate the frames to the line modules in a standardized way.This design allows the line modules to operate in the same way regardless of the type of I/Oadapter installed, allowing a single line module to support different kinds of I/O adapters. TheI/O adapters are mated with the line modules through a passive midplane. Most I/O adaptersprovide the physical interconnection to the network using small form-factor pluggabletransceivers (SFPs).

Line modules: These modules are located in the front of the E-series router and handlepacket processing and packet forwarding. They do not have physical connectors, as thephysical connectors reside on the I/O adapters. The E320 router supports up to 12 linemodules. A single line module can support any I/O adapter or combination of I/O adaptersthat communicates with it at a compatible speed.

You can use a line module for either access or uplink. Access line modules receivetraffic from low-speed circuits, and the system routes the traffic onto higher-speeduplink line modules and then to the core of the network. Currently, three linemodules are available: the LM-4 and LM-10 access line modules and the LM-10uplink line module. Line module slot placement is dependant on the switch fabricbandwidth. We discuss this topic in greater detail later in the chapter.




E320 Architecture Overview (c

e-series introdution to juniper network routers

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