e-passport standard status and efforts at japan ic passport study committee
DESCRIPTION
E-Passport standard status and efforts at Japan IC passport study committee. 2004/09/ 16. Head of Japan ISO/IEC JTC1/SC17/WG3 Member of ICAO-NTWG Manager of Japanese IC-passport study committee. Junichi Sakaki (Panasonic) [email protected]. Self Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
E-Passport standard statusand efforts at Japan IC passport study committee
Head of Japan ISO/IEC JTC1/SC17/WG3Member of ICAO-NTWGManager of Japanese IC-passport study committee
Junichi Sakaki (Panasonic)[email protected]
2004/09/16
• 1995 - 1997: R&D for Contactless Smartcard prototype
• 1997 - 2000 : Contactless IC card standardization
• 1997 - :Driver License Standardization– (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC17/WG10 Secretary)
• 1998 - :Machine Readable Travel Document– (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC17/WG3 TF4 leader)– (Member of ICAO-TAG-NTWG)– (Manager of Japanese IC-passport study committee)
Self Introduction Self Introduction
* EPWG: Education Promotion WG* DCFWG: Document Contents and Format WG* NTWG: New Technology WG
ICAO Secretary General
Airport Bureau
Aviation Security &Facilitation Branch
Facilitation Section
TAG (Technical Advisory Group)
EPWG* DCFWG* NTWG*
ISO
SC17 (Card & ID)
WG3 (MRTD)
JTC1
IEC
TF1 (New Technology)
TF2 (LDS)
TF3 (PKI)
TF4 (Testing)
OfficialLiaison
Relationship ICAO and ISO at Passport standardRelationship ICAO and ISO at Passport standard
Japanese Industrial Standard CommitteeJISC
Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries AssociationJBMIA
WG3 (MRTDs)
Information Standard Technology Committee of JapanITSCJ
SWG1 (Contactless) PKI TF
Biometric TF
SC17 (Card and Identification)
SC27Security
SC37Biometrics
SC17/WG8Contactless
Card
Passport standard committee in JapanPassport standard committee in Japan
•SC17/WG3 is sole liaison partner for ICAO-TAG/MRTD within ISO Other liaisons : International Criminal Police Organization(ICPO)
International Air Transport Association (IATA)Airport Council International(ACI)
•Collaboration has been started from early 1990's
•Role of ISO is endorsement of ICAO document(ICAO Doc. 9303)
•ICAO document is usually published without ISO endorsement by only ICAO membership county’s agreement and authority of ISO is just Fast Track voting after ICAO publishing.
•Six member from SC17/WG3 are allowed to participate into ICAO meeting as ISO representatives.
•ISO members are acting editors of the ICAO technical reports.
Collaboration of ICAO and ISOCollaboration of ICAO and ISO
•Two or three times meetings are held in every year. (Den Haag, Tokyo, Oakland : 2004)
•Participants are increased after September 11 (Mostly over fifty).
•Major participants are Government official (Passport Office, Immigration, Customs, Police)
・ Regular participating countries( USA,UK,France,Germany,Canada,NZ,Australia,Netherlands, Italy,Latvia,Swiss,Singapore,Korea,Japan)
•Chairman: Gary McDonald (ICAO/Canada Passport Office)
ICAO TAG-NTWGICAO TAG-NTWG
ICAO- Doc. 9303ICAO- Doc. 9303
•Three Technical Reports ( Biometrics 、 Logical Data Structure:LDS 、 PKI )Have been published as 2004 version at Web site ( http://www.icao.int/mrtd/)
ICAO TRICAO TR
Issues• Biometrics technology is immature stage and standard is not final • Future development of technology is unclear(Backward compatibility)• Compatibility with public opinion, Law, and Culture of member countries.• Technology obsolescence, Biometric aging (validity can be 10 years?) • Card interoperability
2003/5:Ver-1, 2004/7:Ver-2
Objective : Identification, Aid for Border control, Data structure
Basic Guideline:Global InteroperabilityNeed to develop by 2005/10 for US-Visit programReliability, Practicability, Durability
ICAO TR (Cont)ICAO TR (Cont)
ICAO TR is scheduled to integrate into ICAO Doc. 9303 in 2005.
Berlin Resolution(2002/6)
ICAO TAG-MRTD/NTWG endorses the use of face recognition as the globally interoperable biometric for machine assisted identity confirmation with machine readable travel documents.
ICAO TAG-MRTD/NTWG further recognizes that member states may elect to use of fingerprint and/or iris recognition as additional biometric technologies in support of machine assisted identity confirmation.
Adoption Unanimous
・ Recommended Biometrics
Face: Primary ( Image )
Finger: Secondary ( Image ) + Optional Minutiae
Iris: Secondary ( Image )→ Pattent Issue ( Base Patent only ) had been resolved
by mutual agreement of ICAO and Iridian Tec.
ICAO TR (Cont)ICAO TR (Cont)
New Orleans Resolution (2004/3)
ICAO TAG-MRTD/NTWG recognizes that Member States currently and will continue to utilize the facial image as the primary identifier for MRTDs and as such endorses the use of standardized digitally-stored facial images as the globally interoperable biometric to support facial recognition technologies for machine assisted identity verification with machine-readable travel documents.
ICAO TAG-MRTD/NTWG further recognizes that in addition to the use of a digitally stored facial image, Member States can use standardized digitally-stored fingerprint and/or iris* images as additional globally interoperable biometrics in support of machine assisted verification and/or identification. Member States, in their initial deployment of MRTDs with biometrics identifiers, are encouraged to adopt contactless IC media of sufficient capacity to facilitate on-board storage of additional MRTD data and biometric identifiers.
*subject to the resolution of intellectual property issues
ICAO TR (Cont)ICAO TR (Cont)
Rquired Memory Capacity : Minimum 32k Byte ( Case of One Facial Biometrics )
Interface : Proximity IC card(ISO/IEC14443) only Location of IC chip : Location and Material are Note specified
All personal data are written in issuing process(Can not be changed after issuing)
To resolve interoperability issues, supplementary practices have been added
Facial data is defined as not privacy and not encrypted
Optional Finger and Iris data should be encrypted as privacy and its means is left as agreement between countries
Major topics of ICAO TR 2004Major topics of ICAO TR 2004
Basic rule is free to read all personal data
Document securityPassive Authentication : Authenticity and IntegrityBasic Access control : Skimming and Eavesdropping for PrivacyActive Authentication : Chip Substitution and Data Copying
Face Biometrics spec is simply refer to ISO/IEC 19794-5, and 19785-1
Image encording : JPEG, JPEG2000(Optional)
Protection Profile (IC chip & card OS) : EAL4+
Even if IC chip is broken, Passport is still valid by printed data (electronic data is just an aid).
Major topics of ICAO TR 2004Major topics of ICAO TR 2004
Lots of Option, No best practice for receiving state
Still unclear on Public key distribution and Revocation list
Undefined on VISA dataVirtual VISA using internet?Append VISA data on a same chip memory?Independent VISA sticker(2D barcode, IC-Chip, others)?
Issuing cost, Chip durability for 10 years?
Insufficiency on face biometrics accuracy(Aging, Lighting)
International interoperability issue on contactless chip interface
Several countries are in procurement stage although standard is not yet completed
Lack of consideration on transaction speed at immigration booth(Slower than human?)
Issues on ICAO TRIssues on ICAO TR
Why Face recognition?
Few changes are required on the issuing processPortrait has been used at passport and immigration for long timePsychological comfortCompatible with human inspection (Machine verification is aid)Compatible with negative list which has been accumulated
Why Image?
Good interoperabilityFlexibility for future technology progressCan be reused for visual human inspection
Why Contactless-IC?
Enough memory capacity ( 32k 64k Byte is available )Easy to handleHigh speed data readHigh security
Reason of ICAO decision Reason of ICAO decision
Inlay( Thin plastic sheet with IC-chip and antenna )
IC chip
Antenna coil
• Chip location : Cover page, Middle, Back cover
• Material : PVC or PET
• Chip size(Phisical & Memory): proportionality relation
• Read range : Tradeoff relationship at functionality &Speed
• Cost : Depends on memory capacity & functionality
IC chip implementation IC chip implementation
Issuers choice
Inlay
Issuing process (Example)Issuing process (Example)
Assemble to Booklet
File createLock with transport key
Application
Print / Personalize
Transport
Complete
Grant Scan fromApplication form
( Identification )
Logical Data StructureLogical Data Structure
MF
Issuer Application(DF)
User Application(DF)
Common Data(EF)
MRZ Data(EF)
Face Data(EF)
Finger Data(EF)
Iris Data(EF)
(Not defined)
Other Personal Data(EF)
Security Object(EF)
(Digital Signature)
(Option)
(Option)
Note MF: Master File DF: Dedicated File EF: Elementary File MRZ : Machine Readable Zone (i.e. OCR)
Digital SignatureDigital Signature
Data
Signature
Issuing Key( Secret Key)
Verification Key( Public Key)
Compute and add digital signature
using a secret key
Issuer Inspection
Generate key pair
Data
Signature
Verify data using public key
ICAO ScheduleICAO Schedule
2003 2004
New OrleansNTWG
Mar
LondonNTWG
July
GlasgowNTWG
Sep
ICAO TAG14(Montreal ) Apr
ICAO TR Ver-1 May 2003
ICAO TAG15(Montreal) May
Den HagueNTWG
Feb
TokyoNTWG
Sep
ICAO TR Ver-2July 2004
NZNTWG
Dec
DomesticSC17/WG3(passport)
Ministryof
Foreign Affairs
e-passportStudy committee
ICAO/NTWG
Other ministriesIC card
ImmigrationAirport
●IC Specification●Biometrics●Durability of Passport Card
●Security●Compatibility of IC reader●Operation in Issuing●Legal system
e-Passport Study Committeee-Passport Study Committee
2003 2004 2005 200610
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
Report submission
IC Specification
Biometrics
Durability of Passport Card
Security
Compatibility of IC reader
Operation in Issuing
Legal system
e-Passport Study Committee : Timelinee-Passport Study Committee : Timeline
e-Passport IntroductionReport
Face biometrics experimentsFace biometrics experiments
1. Aging test
Experiment outline : Face recognition test by using past 11(mostly 6) years database of diplomatic passport.Since the database contain many photos taken at different year for same person, it is anticipated that it can be used for an good aging test data.
Objective : Validate passport period of validity from biometric points of
view
2. Photo quality test
Experiment outline : Specify obstructive factor at photo quality through various
environments (speed photo box, simulation of airport etc.) of photo shoot.
Objective : Review a current photo guideline of MOFA
ImmigrationImmigratione-passporte-passport
Pre FaceRecognition
Test
Pre FaceRecognition
Test
Best Practice
Photo studio
Instant photo stand ●32-person images
●8 engines
Image quality test -1Image quality test -1
ImmigrationImmigratione-passporte-passport
FaceRecognition
Test
FaceRecognition
Test
Simulated immigration booth (bright lighting)
Simulated immigration booth (dark lighting)
Best Practice
Instant photo stand ●300 images
●9 engines
Image quality test -2Image quality test -2
ImmigrationImmigratione-passporte-passport
Face agingRecognition
Test
Face agingRecognition
Test
Present image
11 years database(Mostly 6 years)
●Total 32,000 images●10,000-person images●7 engines
Aging testAging test
6 Yearsago
5 Yearsago
4 Yearsago
3 Yearsago
2 Yearsago
1 Yearsago
NewPhoto