건축자재 친환경 물품공급망관리(eco-scm) 가이드라인...
TRANSCRIPT
-
(Eco-SCM)
(2)
2007. 2.
-
(Eco-SCM)
(2) .
2007. 2
:
:
:
-
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(www.ecomaterials.or.kr)
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, pilot study
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(ex. ,
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-
iii
i
iii
vi
ix
I. 1
1. 1
2. 2
. 5
1. 5
2. 8
3. 9
3.1 9
3.2 10
3.3 12
. 14
1. 14
1.1 14
1.2 16
1.3 17
1.4 18
1.5 20
2. 20
2.1 20
2.2 25
2.3 LEED 28
2.4 BREEAM 29
2.5 30
2.6 32
3. 35
-
iv
3.1 35
3.2 38
. 40
1. 40
1.1 41
1.2 43
1.3 46
2. 48
2.1 49
2.2 55
2.3 56
2.4 58
. 71
1. 71
1.1 71
1.2 72
1.3 79
1.4 () 80
2. 83
2.1 83
2.2 86
2.3 91
2.4 () 94
3. 97
3.1 97
3.2 99
3.3 104
3.4 () 105
4. 107
4.1 107
4.2 109
4.3 114
-
v
4.4 () 115
5. 118
5.1 118
5.2 121
5.3 130
5.4 () 138
6. 140
6.1 140
6.2 141
6.3 150
6.4 () 152
7. 155
7.1 155
7.2 157
7.3 163
7.4 () 170
. 175
1. 175
1.1 175
1.2 176
1.3 178
2. 180
2.1 180
2.2 180
2.3 180
2.4 181
3. 181
3.1 181
3.2 182
[] 195
[ ] 206
[ ] 225
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vi
5
14
15
16
VOC
16
19
19
20
22
25
26
USGBS 29
BREEAM 30
30
31
31
34
37
38
, , 41
VOCs VOC 45
HB 47
50
51
53
57
58
61
1~3 () 62
67
-
vii
, 69
74
77
78
KS F 5660 80
83
84
84
85
85
86
88
90
KS (KS F 3213) 92
KS (KS F 3214) 92
KS (KS F 3218) 93
KS (KS F 3219) 93
97
101
KS F 3217 JIS A 6922 104
107
108
109
111
113
KS M 7305 115
119
119
, 121
() 125
() 126
128
KS (KS F 3211) 131
-
viii
KS (KS F 4918) 132
KS (KS F 4919) 132
KS (KS F 4920) 133
KS (KS F 4922) 134
KS (KS F 4925) 135
KS (KS F 4926) 135
KS (KS F 4931) 135
KS (KS F 4932) 136
140
144
145
KS 151
151
151
155
156
158
160
161
KS (KS F 6313) 163
KS G 5700 164
KS F3109() 165
KS F 3128 167
167
KS G 4018( ()) 168
KS G 4001( ) 168
KS G 4009( ) 169
KS G 4008 ( ) 169
176
178
179
-
ix
3
5
(Eco-SCM) 6
(Eco-SCM) 8
9
11
12
33
36
VOCs 42
43
44
54
,
( ) 73
75
79
, (
) 87
89
91
, (
) 100
102
103
, (
) 110
112
114
-
x
() ,
( ) 122
() ,
( ) 124
()
127
()
129
130
,
( ) 142
,
( ) 143
146
148
150
,
( ) 157
159
162
177
181
182
183
185
186
(1) 187
(2) 188
(3) 188
189
190
191
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1
I.
1.
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1(2005.4~ 2005.12)
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1960 (dilution)
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1980 (waste minimization)
1990 (pollution prevention)
1990
2000
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Global
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5) Environmental Purchasing Guide, city of Richmond, February 2001, http://www.richmond.ca/services/ environment/policies/purchasing.htm
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(PM10), (CO2), (HCHO, formaldehyde), ,
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3 (NO2), (Rn), (VOCs, volatile
organic compounds), , 5 .
10)
PM10(/)
CO2(ppm)
HCHO(/)
(CFU/)
CO(ppm)
: 2,000 : 1,500 : 5,000 : 3,000 : 1,000
150
1,000
120
10
: 2,000 100 : 1,000 / : 1,000 : 500
100
800
: 2,000200
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11)
NO2(ppm)
Rn(pCi/)
VOC(/)
(/cc)
(ppm)
: 2,000 : 1,500 : 5,000 : 3,000 : 1,000
0.05 4.0
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0.01
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75 140 50 50
550 650 550 550 150
65 100 40 40
500 530 500 550 100
. 1) ()( ) 2) () 3) ( ) 4) ()
550 700 500 700
530 650 500 650
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2005.7.1~2006.12.31 2007. 1. 1
1) ( ) 2) () 3) ( ) 4) () 5)
550 700 550 700 700
530 650 530 650 680
. 1) 2) () 3) 4)
650 230 700 50
530 150 600 40
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(/) 100
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points) .
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BREEAM(BRE29) Environment Assessment Method)30)
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3 1-3 ( )4 1-4 ( )
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EL221. EL222. EL223. EL224. EL225. EL226. EL227. EL228.
EL241. EL242. EL243. EL244. EL245. EL246. EL247. EL248. EL249. EL250. EL251. EL252. EL253. EL254.
EL261. EL262. EL263. EL264. EL265.
EL741. EL742. EL743. EL744.
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Environmental
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29 , , ,
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(Eco Mark), (Blue Angel) 40
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Gut Mark toluene, stylene, 4-vinyl
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VOCs
(VOCs)(C=6~16) -n-~n- VOCs
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(TVOC)(C=6~16) -n-~n-
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- : 0.1 % - : 1 %
-
2 -28 0.005mg/m
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7 0.02mg/m2h
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3 0.03mg/m2h
Pb: 50mg/kg , Cd: 0.5mg/kg , Hg: 0.5mg/kg , Cr
+6:
0.5 (APEOs),
, (TBT, TPT)
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, ALC , , ,
, .
.
-
.
52
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
, , ,
, , , X- ,
, ,
, , , , , , , , access floor , , , , , , (), , , , ,
-
2.
53
, , ,
, ,
, , , , sextia , , PB
, , , , () , ( ) , () , , , ,
,
,
, , DDC , ,
, , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
, , , , , ,
, ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
,
, ,
TV , TV
, , ,
, , , TV , , , , PC
,
, , , , ,
-
.
54
2.1.2
.
, .
, , 4
, (,
, , ) .
259, 200, 232, 122 813
.
,
,
.
2006 4 ,
.
.
, ,
.
-
2.
55
, , 3 .
:
: , ,
:
2.2
, .
46) 30 , 20 ,
10 .
2006 10 1
. 1
, 10
10
. 10 30
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
,
BTL(building trnasfer lease) 47) ,
46) , .
-
.
56
. 2006
6 48) ,
2009
, BTL
.
,
. BTL
.
2006 7 10 3 ,
7, 1 1 9
, 12 .
, BTL
.
12
, 12 ,
.
2.3
, ,
.
.
5
.
47) BTL , (build) (transfer) (20) (lease) .
48) (http://edumac.kedi.re.kr/) , , , , DB .
-
2.
57
, ,
, ,
2 (, ), ,
,
,
( , )
, , , , , , , , , , PVC , (), , , , K-Top , , , ALC ,
, , , PVC ,
(, , PVC )
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
,
access floor
-
.
58
()
-
KS M 3808
(KS M 3808)
-
KS M 3808
KS L 9102 2 24K
,
,
, , ,
. , (), , ,
, , , ,
.
, ,
,
.
.
2.4
2.4.1
.
, (2006)
.
, , , ,
, , , , ,
( ) . ,
1 pilot study .
-
2.
59
()
KS F 6305
KS L 9106
KS F 4040
KS F 5660
PVC , ,
(
, ) (, , , , ), ( )
,
() (, , , , , HPM, LPM, ), , , , , , , , ,
,
()
, , , , ,
(, , , , , HPM, LPM, ), , ( , , , , , , , , HPM , ),
(KS F 3101),
( ), ( , , , , )
, , 3 ( (KS F 4925) )
, , 3 ( (KS F 4925) )
KS F 4911
KS F 4917 A 2
-
-
-
(), (), ,
,
,
,
(KS M 6040), (KS M 6040), (KS M 6040), (KS M 6060)
, (KS M 6060)
-
.
60
()
, (KS M 5723)
, (KS M 6060)
, (KS M 6060)
(), (), ()
PVC ,
() , (mastic powder), , acrylic coat
-
KS F 4715
K-Top (), :
2
:
:
ALC : ,
()
-
-
- (),
KS F 3101 1
LPL HPL
,
PVC KS M 3802 PVC( ) ,
UV ,
, , PVC
, , ,
-
,
-
KS M 2270(, )
-
2.
61
2.4.2 (2)
2 1
.
2 , ,
, , , , 7.
(polyester)
2 ,
,
, ,
, , , 60%
2.4.3 3 ()
3 1,2 ,
, , , 1
. 1~3
, 3 ()
.
-
.
62
1~3 ()
1 2 3()
- , ,
- (*)
- ,
-, ,
(*)
- (
)-
() - , ,
-,
(*),
(*)
(*) 1 .
3 , , ,
, 1
.
2.3.3.1
,
, , ,
, .
49) ,
. VOCs , ,
.
, .
.
,
49) , , .
-
2.
63
.
2.3.3.2
,
,
.
() () ,
.
.
. ,
,
.50)
2.3.3.3
,
.
,
.
(air cell)
.
(open cell) 51)
52) .
(sheet) 53), () 54), 55)
50) 2006 1 , 2006. 8. 8.
51) , , .
52) , , , , .
53) , (glass wool) , .
-
.
64
. , ,
, .
,
. 3
() .
2.3.3.4 1
1 ( ), ,
3
.
,
-
56)
,
- 1 Eco-SCM 3
[(EL241), (EL248),
(EL246)]
- 1
,
Eco-SCM
57)
54) (board) , ( ), . .
55) , , , , . .
56) 2.4.1 (56) .
-
2.
65
- 1
3
- ()
58), 1
59)
, ( )
- : , ,
,
- :
,
,
- ( ) : ,
,
,
. pilot
study
. 3 ,
, , ( ) 3
57) 1 . Pilot Study(52) .
58) (Eco-SCM) 1 () .
59) (2006) , () .
: , ,
: , ,
:
-
.
66
.
2.4.4 4,5
4,5 1~3
.
, , , , ,
,
.
(
) . 4,5
.
-
2.
67
() ()
,
(EL246)
- - (, ) -
- , -
- --
( )
( )
- - - -
GWP, ODP
ODP 0 GWP 3000
GWP, ODP
- -
- -
- TBT, TBT, - PPBs, PBDEs - , , , VCM,
1,3-butadiene
a) (N-nitroamines) (TBT, TPT)
b) PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
c) Pb, Cd, Hg 1,3-butadiene VCM (EL246)
- TBT, TBT, - PPBs, PBDEs - , , , VCM,
1,3-butadiene
- , , , VCM
- TBT, TBT, - PPBs, PBDEs - , , , VCM
-
.
68
() ()
- , VOCs
a) (EL246)
b) (EL246) VOCs
- , VOCs
- , VOCs (
)
- , VOCs
(EL246)
- -
- - -
-
2.
69
() ()
, (EL248)
(EL248)
-
- - - ,
-
GWP, ODP
ODP 0 GWP 3000
GWP, ODP
GWP, ODP
- TBT, TBT, - PPBs, PBDEs - , , ,
VCM, 1,3-butadiene
a) (N-nitroamines) (TBT, TPT)
b) PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
c) Pb, Cd, Hg 1,3-butadiene VCM (EL246)
- TBT, TBT, - PPBs, PBDEs - , , , VCM,
1,3-butadiene
- PPBs, PBDEs - VCM
- - ,
-
- , VOCs
- , VOCs
- , VOCs
,
-
.
70
() ()
a) (EL248)
b) (EL248) VOCs
(EL248)
-
- - - ()- -
- -
- -
-
71
.
,
, , , , ,
, .
,
.
.
,
.
.
7 .
,
.
1.
1.1
1.1.1
. 100
, 100~500 , 500~1,100 , 1,10
0 .
(thermal conductivity) , .
.
, ,
.
.
-
.
72
(KS F 5660)60)
, .
,
.
.
1.1.2
.
1.2
1.2.1
(1)
.
100% , ,
. 260
,
, PBBs, PBDEs61)
.
,
.
,
(,
soot), (NOx), (SOx), (CO2) .
60) KS F 5660, , 2001.
61) PBBs(polybrominated biphenyls) PBDEs(polybrominated diphenyl ethers) PCBs(polychlorinated biphenyls) (POPs: persistent organic pollutants), flame retardants .
-
1.
73
, , , ,
, .
, , , (dry wall)
, .
-
-
- -
carding / laying
needle punching
heating / pressing & cooling
cutting
- - -
, (
)
(2)
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
-
.
74
(3)
,
,
.
1.2.2
.
,
,
,
,
/
: ~ :
.
, 5
.
: (virgin material) 62)
:
62) (terephthalic acid), (ethylene glycol) .
-
1.
75
: ,
: ,
:
1.2.3
. 5
,
.
-
-
,
() ,
-
,
-
-
,
.
.
.
.
-
.
76
63)
2() , , 2111 .
1. 50 ( ) 2. ,
3 3. , , ,
2
4. 1 , , 5
5. 3
260
.
PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
.
PBBs, PBDEs , , 2005
,
.
IARC(International Agency for Research on Cancer)
.
.
. ,
.
, .
59
( ) 21, 22
.
-
1.
77
6. 1 ,
4( ) . 1. ( ) .
. , , .
. 21 [4] [1] [2] . , KS F 2299 ( ) KS F 2277 ( ) 21 [4] .
. 21 [4] KS L 9016 205 .
.
64) KS M 3808, 3809 KS L 9102 W/mK /mh
0.034
0.029
- , 1, 2, 3- 1 1, 2, 3 2 1, 2, 3- 0.034W/mK (0.029 /mh)
0.035~ 0.040
0.030~ 0.034
- 1, 2, 3- 1, 2, 3- 2- 0.035~0.040 W/mK
(0.030~0.034 /mh)
0.041~ 0.046
0.035~ 0.039
- 4- 0.041~0.046 W/mK (0.035~
0.039 /mh)
0.047~ 0.051
0.040~ 0.044
- 0.047~0.051 W/mK (0.040~ 0.044 /mh)
63) 2004-459(2004.12.31).
64) KS L 9016 KS F 2277 205 .
-
.
78
(: mm)
1)
65 75 85 100 45 50 55 65
90 105 120 135 75 90 100 115
55 65 75 80 50 55 65 70
110 125 145 165 75 85 100 110
90 105 120 135
30 35 45 50
20 25 25 30
2)
50 60 70 75
30 35 40 45
75 90 100 115
65 75 90 100
50 55 65 70
45 50 55 65
90 105 120 135
55 65 75 85 65 75 85 100
30 35 45 50 20 25 25 30
35 45 50 55 20 25 30 30
65 75 90 100 60 70 75 85
45 50 55 65 35 40 45 50
75 90 100 115 50 55 65 75
50 60 70 75
30 35 45 50
20 25 25 301) : , , , (, , , , ,
), ( ), (), ()2) : , , , , , (, ,
, , , ), (), ( ), , , ( ),
, .
, , ,
-
1.
79
2 .
,
.
. ,
.
1.2.4
,
, 4 .
-
-
PBBs, PBDEs
,
-
,
-
-
1.3
//
. KS F 5660( )
, , ,
, , , , .
,
-
.
80
, , 65), 66),
67)
.
KS F 5660
[ /] 15K 20K 24K 32K 40K 48K 60K 80K 100K 150K 200K
[/]
2 2 2 4 4 4 6 8 10 - -
- - - - 4 - 6 8 - - -
- - - - - - - - 10 15 20
(KS)
28
.
,
.
1.4 ()
1.4.1
.
1.4.2
(1)
1) ()
65) , KS F 3503 .
66) 29, 19 10 , 30 , 20 . KS M 2150 .
67) 0.5g 50mL 991 30 5% .
-
1.
81
)
2) ()
a) (PBBs: polybrominated biphenyls),
(PBDEs: polybromodiphenyl ethers), 50%
(short-chain chlorinated paraffins, C=10~13)
b) IARC(International Agency for Research on Cancer)
Group 1', 'Group 2A', 'Group 2B'
:
(2)
1) ()
)
2) ()
0.045W/mK
: KS L 9016( ), KS F 2277(
- )
(3)
1) ()
)
2) ()
-
.
82
: KS F 2805( )
(4)
1) ()
)
2) ()
50%
:
1.4.3 /
(1)
/
/
-
- 28
(2)
,
-
2.
83
2.
2.1
2.1.1
2 () ()
, .
(ISO) , (adhesion)
, , (adhesive) 2
.
2 (wetting)
(bonding) .
, ,
.
1 ( ), 2 (Van der Waals force),
.
1 ( )
,
2 (Van der Waals force)
(orientation force), (induct force), (dispersion force)
OH, NH, NH2, COOH
(anchor) , (zipper) , , , (hooking)
.
12 .
-
.
84
KS F 3213
KS F 3214
KS F 3217
KS F 3218
KS F 3219
KS L 1593
KS M 3409
KS M 3700 ,
KS M 3701 ,
KS M 3702 ,
KS M 3735 - ,
KS M 6572 ,
KS G 9140
.68)
, .
, ,
, , , ,
(rosin), ()
, , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
- (SBR), , , ,
-, - , -
, , (sodium silicate), (ceramic), , ()
, , , ,
, , .
68) (http://www.okong.com/) .
-
2.
85
,
,
, ,
69) , , RVT
,
(hot melt) - (EVA),
(heat seal)
70)
(contact cement)
(self-seal)
(delayed tack)
71)
, , , , ,
-, -, -, -
72)
, , , , ,
, ,
, ,
73)
, , , , ,
, SBR, , ,
, , ,
, (), (), , ,
, , ,
69) .
70) .
71) , . .
72) ,
73) , . .
-
.
86
, , , , ,
.
,
, , , ,
.
PVAc ,
epoxy resin UBR ,
, (sandwich panel) ,
cyano-acrylate
2.1.2
2
,
. , , ,
.
2.2
2.2.1
(1)
, .
3 , , ,
.
, SBR, ,
(VOCs) ,
, , , 6(Cr6+) .
-
2.
87
( 416L)
(, soot), (NOx), (SOx),
(CO2) . (2
), .
(VOCs)
. 1 2 . 2
.
(VOCs) ,
(VOCs) .
- (, SBR, SBS, CR, , EVA, , PVC, )
- - (, ,
, , , , )
-
- / - - (CO, NOx, SOx )- (
, , )
- - ,
- (NOx, SOx, CO2 )
- ( )
, ( )
(2)
(VOCs) .
(VOCs)
.
, , ,
, , ()
-
.
88
. ,
VOCs
. VOCs , (butyl ether),
(vinyl cyclohexane), 2-(2-propionic acid),
(propylene glycol).
(3)
,
,
.
2.2.2
.
,
,
,
,
/
: ~ :
-
2.
89
.
4
.
: ,
: ( ) VOCs
: VOCs
:
2.2.3
. 3 ,
.
,
- (, )
-
( ) VOCs
- VOCs
VOCs
- VOCs
- -
, , , ,
6(Cr6+) ,
-
.
90
.
.
(Pb)
: , : , , ,
(Cd)
: , , , : , , , , ,
(Hg)
- : , , - : , , - , , , , ,
6 (Cr6+)
: , , , , , : , ,
VOCs
. ,
, , , , ,
VOCs (sick building
syndrome) .
VOCs
.
PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
,
. , PBBs, PBDEs , ,
2005 .
IARC(International Agency for Research on Cancer)
.
.
-
2.
91
2.2.4
VOCs , , , 6(Cr6+
)
, , VOCs 4 .
,
- (, )
-
- ,
, - , , , 6(Cr
6+)
- PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
-
(
) VOCs
- VOCs
VOCs
VOCs
- VOCs
- , VOCs
-
-
- , , , 6(Cr6+)
- PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
2.3
//
. KS F 3213( ), KS F
3214( ), KS F 3218( ) 12 ,
.
, , , ,
, , , / , pH .
KS
.
-
.
92
(: N/)
1 2
1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0
, , 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5
0.2 0.2 - 0.2 , 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5
, 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
KS (KS F 3213)(: N/)
1 2
1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 , , 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5
0.2 0.2 - 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5
1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0
, , 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 - 0.2
0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 , ,
ALC
0.2 0.2 - 0.2
, 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
, , , ,
, , ,
0.2 0.2 - 0.2
KS (KS F 3214)74)
74) , ( ) . . .
[AE] [CS]
[AE] [CS]
[AE] [CS]
[AE][CS]
[AS] [AE] [CS]
[AS] [AE] [CS]
[AS] [AE] [CS]
(AS) (AE) CS
(AS) (AE) CS
[AS] [CS]
[AS] [CS]
[AS] [CS]
[AS] [CS]
[AS] [CS] [AS] [CS] [AS] [CS][AS] [CS]
[AS] [CS]
, , ALC
- - - - [E] - -(AS) CS
(E)(AS) CS
(E)
[AE] [CS]
[AE] [CS]
[AE] [CS]
-[AS] [AE]
[CS][AS] [AE]
[CS][AS] [AE]
[CS](AS) (AE)
(AS) (AE)
( ) : . [ ] :
AS : AE : CS : ( ) E :
-
2.
93
(: N/)
1 2
1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0
, , 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 - 0.2
, 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 , 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
, ,
ALC
0.2 0.2 - 0.2
, 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
, , , ,
, , ,
0.2 0.2 - 0.2
KS (KS F 3218)
[N/]
90 [5N/25]
() ()
0.5 - - 20.0 - -
0.5 - - 20.0 - -
0.2 - - 20.0 - -
0.5 - - 20.0 - -
0.2 - - 10.0 - - 0.2 - - 10.0 - -
0.8 0.8 0.5 20.0 20.0 10.0
KS (KS F 3219)
(: N/)
( )
1 2
( )
0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2 - 0.2
0.2 0.2 - 0.2
(*) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
(*) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
(*) : , , , ALC
-
.
94
(KS)
28
.
,
.
2.4 ()
2.4.1
,
( , ,
) .
2.4.2
(1)
1) ()
)
2) ()
a) (APEOs), ,
(TBT, TPT)
b) (PBBs: polybrominated biphenyls),
(PBDEs: polybromodiphenyl ethers), 50%
(short-chain chlorinated paraffins, C=10~13)
c)
:
(2)
-
2.
95
1) ()
( 4mg/m2h ,
VOCs 10mg/m2h )
: ( )
2) ()
a) (EL251)
( . 0.5mg/L
. 28 0.005mg/m2h , 7
0.02mg/m2h .)
: KS F 3217( )
.
[ KS M ISO 16000-9( - 9: -
) KS M ISO 16000-4( - ),
( )]
b) (EL251) VOCs
( . VOCs 0.1%
. , VOCs 1%
. 28 0.2mg/m2h , 7
0.4mg/m2h .)
: KS M ISO 11890-1[ -
- 1: ] KS M ISO 11890-2[ -
(VOC) - 2: ] .
[ KS M ISO 16000-9(
- 9: - ) KS M ISO 16000-6(
- 6: TENAX TA , MSD/FID
),
( )]
(3)
1) ()
-
.
96
)
2) ()
(Pb) (Cd) (Hg) 6)
(Cr+6
)
[mg/kg] 50 0.5 0.5 0.5
) (Cr) 0.5 mg/kg
: [
(Pb), (Cd) : KS M 0016( ), KS M 0032(
), (ICP-MS),
(Hg) : , KS M 0016(
), 6(Cr6+) : (diphenylcarbazide) ,
(lead acetate trihydrate) , (Cr) :
KS M 0016( ), KS M 0032(
), (ICP-MS)]
2.4.3 /
(1)
/
/
-
- 28
(2)
,
-
3.
97
3.
3.1
3.1.1
,
.
(supporting material), (foaming)(embossing)
,
( ). 75), ()
76), 77), (, grass cloth) 78), 79)
80) . ,
.
,
(embossing), (foaming), .
,
.
(hydrophilic)
. ,
(, PVAc) , -(EVA) ,
75) , , , , .
76) (textile wallcovering), () (support material ; base paper) (string) , (non-woven fabric wallpaper) .
77) , , .
78) (arrowroot wallpaper), (sisal wallpaper), (jute wallpaper), (jute yarn wallpaper), , . , , , , , .
79) , , , .
80) , , .
-
.
98
. , , , ()
.
(KS) KS F 3217( )
, (JIS) JIS A 692281) .
KS JIS
.
KS F 3217( )
- 1 :
- 2 :
JIS A 6922( )
- 1 : , , , ()
- 2 1 : 1 82) ,
- 2 2 : 1 ,
JIS A 6922 2(2 1 2 2) KS F 3217
, .
5. , , , .
.
,
.
81) JIS A 6922, ()
82) (, PVAc) , -(EVA) , .
-
3.
99
3.1.2
,
. ,
.
3.2
3.2.1
(1)
() 83),
, , , ()
. (VOCs)
, .
(, soot), (NOx), (SOx), (CO2)
. (2 )
.
(VOCs)
.
(VOCs) .
,
.84)
.
83) (PVAc), -(EVA), .
84) > > > . () , . ( ) 10~30% .
(:) [%]
30 : 70 5 ( )
40 : 60 5 ,
50 : 50 5
80 : 20 5
100 : 0 5 ( )
-
.
100
- (, PVAc , EVA , )
- - (, ,
)- ,
- / - - (CO, NOx, SOx )- ( , , )
/
- - (NOx, SOx, CO2 )
- - ( )
, ( )
(2)
VOCs,
.
,
,
.
()
. ,
.
(3)
. ,
.
3.2.2
.
-
3.
101
,
,
,
,
/
: ~ :
.
3
.
:
: (
)
: (VOCs
)
3.2.3
. 3 ,
.
-
.
102
-
-
(VOCs )
-
-VOCs
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
VOCs
.
, , , , ,
, VOCs (sick
building syndrome) .
VOCs
.
-
3.
103
3.2.4
, , ,
, VOCs
4 .
. KS F 3217 JIS A 6922
4 N/25mm 8 N/25mm
.
.
.
(VOCs
)
, VOCs
.
-
- -
- -
(VOCs )
-
-VOCs
-VOCs
-
-
.
104
3.3
//
. KS F 3217( )
, , (),
, , , pH, ( ) .
, ,
, pH85), (
) .
KS F 3217 JIS A 6922
KS F 3217 JIS A 6922
1 2 1 2 1 2 2
[N/25mm] 7.85 7.85 8 8 4
0 0 0 0 0
[mg/L] 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
[%] 18 18 18 18 12
pH 4~8 4~8 4~8 4~8 4~8
[%] 3 3 - - -
( ) [N/25mm] - 8 8 4 4
(KS)
28
.
,
86) .
. ()
,
. .
> > > .
85) pH , .
86) , (, soaking time) . 10~30% .
-
3.
105
3.4 ()
3.4.1
,
. , .
3.4.2
(1)
1) ()
a)
: (
)
b)
( 4mg/m2h
, VOCs 10mg/m2h )
: ( )
2) ()
a) (EL251)
( . 0.5mg/L
. 28 0.005mg/m2h , 7
0.02mg/m2h .)
: KS F 3217( )
.
[ KS M ISO 16000-9( - 9:
- ) KS M ISO 16000-4( - ),
( )]
b) (EL251) VOCs
( . VOCs 0.1%
-
.
106
. 28 0.2mg/m2h , 7 0.4mg/m
2h
.)
: KS M ISO 11890-1[ -
- 1: ] KS M ISO 11890-2[ -
(VOC) - 2: ] .
[ KS M ISO 16000-9(
- 9: - ) KS M ISO
16000-6( - 6: TENAX TA ,
MSD/FID
), ( )]
(2)
1) ()
: KS F 3217( )
2) ()
a) 15 N/25mm . ,
8 N/25mm .
: KS F 3217( )
.
b) 87)
: ( )
3.4.3 /
(1)
/
/
87) , , .
-
4.
107
88) . , ., .
. , .
()
(, ) . . , .
, . , . , , , ., .
, . ,
-
- 28
(2)
,
4.
4.1
4.1.1
, , ,
. , ,
, ,
,
.
-
.
108
. .
. , .
.
, , , ,
,
3 . KS M 7305
, ( ) .
, (flexibility) ,
, , . KS M
7303 , KS M
7304 .
KS M 7305 , , ( )
KS M 7303
KS M 7304
(supporting material),
, .
( ) .
, , ,
. , (foaming), (embossing),
, .
1 2
.
88) .
-
4.
109
( )
, , , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
4.1.2
, .
4.2
4.2.1
(1)
.
VOCs .
, . PVC
,
.
(, soot), (NOx), (SOx), (CO2)
. (1 ) (2
) ,
.
-
.
110
- - , , , ,
- (VOCs )-
- - -
-
, ( )
(2)
VOCs,
. VOCs ,
, , , 6(Cr6+)
.
(3)
,
.
4.2.2
.
-
4.
111
,
,
,
,
/
: ~ :
.
3
.
: ,
:
: VOCs, , VCM
4.2.3
.
-
.
112
,
- (, )
-
-
VOCs, , VCM
- VOCs
- VCM
VOCs .
, , , , ,
, VOCs (sick
building syndrome) .
VOCs
. , PVC
(VCM, vinyl chloride monomer) , , ,
,
. , VCM ()
, PVC .
, , , , , ,
, .
.
-
4.
113
(Pb)
: , : , , ,
(As)
: , , , , ,
: , , , , , , ,
(Cd)
: , , , : , , , , ,
(Sb)
, , , ,
(Ba)
: , , , ,
(Cr)
: , , , , , : , ,
(Hg)
- : , , - : , , , , , , ,
(Se)
: , , : , ,
PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
,
. , PBBs, PBDEs
, , 2005
.
IARC(International Agency for Research on Cancer)
.
.
-
.
114
4.2.4
VOCs , , , , , , ,
, , PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
4 .
,
- (, )
-
- PBBs, PBDEs,
50%
- DEHP
-
- ,
VOCs, , VCM
- VOCs
- VOCs,
- VCM
-
4.3
//
. KS M 7305(), KS M 7303(
), KS M 7304( ) , KS M 7305()
, , , , , ,
.
,
, , ,
.
-
4.
115
KS M 7305
() 4
()
4
4
() 3 ,
N/1.5
1.96
2 4
89) : 3 90) : 5 , : 30 : 20 , 91) : 3
(KS)
28
.
.
. > >
> .
4.4 ()
4.4.1
, .
89) .
90) .
91) .
-
.
116
4.4.2
(1)
1) ()
1mg/kg
: KS M 0031( )
2) ()
a) (PBBs: polybrominated biphenyls),
(PBDEs: polybromodiphenyl ethers), 50%
(short-chain chlorinated paraffins, C=10~13)
:
b) (PVC)
(DEHP : di-(2-ethylhexyl phthalate)
((DBP :
di-butyl phtalate), (BBP : butyl benzyl phtalate), DEHP
)
:
c) (PVC)
(TBT, TPT),
:
(2)
1) ()
( 1.25mg/m2h ,
VOCs 4mg/m2h )
: ( )
-
4.
117
2) ()
a) (EL242)
( . 28 0.05mg/m2h ,
7 0.125mg/m2h .
1.0mg/L )
:
[ KS M ISO 16000-9( - 9: -
) KS M ISO 16000-4( - ),
( )]. KS M 7305()
b) (EL242) VOCs
( . 28 0.2mg/m2h , 7
0.4mg/m2h .
VOCs 14mg/m2 .
VOCs 7mg/m2 .)
:
[ KS M ISO 16000-9( - 9: -
) KS M ISO 16000-6( - 6 : TENAX TA
, MSD/FID
), (
)]. (EL242) . (1) (2)
. (EL242) . (1) (2)
(3)
1) ()
)
2) ()
-
.
118
(Pb)(As)
(Cd)
(Sb)
(Ba)
(Cr)
(Hg)
(Se)
[mg/kg] 90 8 25 20 500 60 20 165
: EN 71 - Part 3( )
4.4.3 /
(1)
/
/
-
- 28
(2)
,
5.
5.1
5.1.1
, ,
. (KS)
.
-
5.
119
KS F 3211
KS F 4918
KS F 4919
KS F 4920
KS F 4922
KS F 4925
KS F 4926
KS F 4931
KS F 4932
KS F 9003
, ,
. ,
, .
.
/
,
) : , : , : :
, ( ) .
( ) , ,
, , , , , ,
.
,
.
, .
-
.
120
.
, , ,
, 1 2
. 1 ,
. (base material), ,
. , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , , ,
. , , 1
( ) , 2
.
,
(ettringite)
. , ,
, EVA, SBR
. , ,
, ,
, .
.
-
5.
121
,
()
()
1
2
5.1.2
, ,
. , () ()
.
5.2
() () .
,
.
5.2.1
5.2.1.1 ()
(1)
, ()
, , ,
.
, .
,
-
.
122
(VOCs) 30%
. (VOCs)
,
( ) .
( )
. ,
.
() (, ) ( )
, , .
(, soot), (NOx), (SOx),
(CO2) .
() (
) (1)
(2) ,
(VOCs) .
- ( )- ( )- - ( )- ( )
- (VOCs )-
- () -
- (VOCs, )- ( )
() ,
( )
(2)
-
5.
123
(3)
()
. ()
.
5.2.1.2 ()
(1)
, ()
, (), ,
, (
, ) .
(
) ( ) (, )
, 10% ,
(VOCs) . (VOCs)
, ( )
.
,
.
() () 1
.
.
() (
, )
( ), (
) ,
(VOCs) .
-
.
124
(, soot), (NOx), (SOx),
(CO2) .
,
(scrap) .
- (APP )- (SBS )- - - - ( )-
- (VOCs )- (scrap)
- () -
- ( ) -
() , ( )
(2)
(3)
,
,
. ()
,
.
5.2.2
5.2.2.1 ()
()
-
5.
125
.
()
,
,
,
,
/
: ~ :
.
4
.
:
: ,
: ( ) VOCs
: VOCs
5.2.2.2 ()
()
.
-
.
126
()
,
,
,
,
/
: ~ :
.
3
.
:
: , ,
: VOCs
5.2.3
5.2.3.1 ()
()
.
-
5.
127
-
,
-
( ) VOCs
- VOCs
VOCs
- VOCs
()
,
, ,
.
.
,
. , , ,
( ).
.
, VOCs .
VOCs , VOCs
. , VOCs
VOCs
(sick building syndrome) .
VOCs
.
-
.
128
(Cd)
: , , , : , , , , ,
(Pb)
: , : , , ,
(Cu)
: , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
(As)
: , , , , ,
: , , , , , , ,
(Hg)
- : , , - : , , - , , , , ,
(Cr)
: , , , , ,
: , ,
(CN-)
: HCN 50~60mg, KCN 150~ 300mg KCN 1000 1
: , ,
, , , , ,
,
VOCs , , , ,
5.2.3.2 ()
()
.
-
5.
129
-
, ,
-
VOCs
- VOCs
()
,
, , (), ,
,
.
.
,
. , , ,
( ).
.
, VOCs
VOCs
(sick building syndrome) . VOCs
.
5.2.4
, 3
.
-
.
130
-
- , , , ,
, 6 (Cr6+
), , , ,
,
-
( ) VOCs
- VOCs
- VOCs
VOCs
- VOCs
- VOCs,
5.3
//
.
.
KS F 3211( ), KS F
4918( ), KS F 4919( ), KS F
4920( ), KS F 4922( ), KS F 4925(
), KS F 4926( ), KS F 4931(
), KS F 4932( ) . KS .
-
5.
131
KS (KS F 3211)
1
2
[N/] 245.2 147.1 147.1 196.1 34.3
[%] 450 300 450 550 600
[N/]2942.0
1372.9
1961.3
2942.0
-
[N/] 147.1 68.6 147.1 127.5 29.4
[%]
-20
100 300
100400
100 400
100 300
700 1000
60
60 30 30 35 5
[%]
-20
250 70 50 300 70
20
300 180 300 350 600
60
200 150 200 200 600
[%]-4 1
-1 1
-1 1
-4 1
-1 1
[%]
80 150
80 130
80 200
80 150
80 150
80 150
80 150
80 200
- -
60 150
60 150
80 150
80 150
80 150
80
150 40 150
80 150
-
[%]
400 200 200 500 600
400 200 200 - -
400 200 200 500 600
400 200 200 - -
- -
- -
[]
3
[%] 3
-
.
132
KS (KS F 4918)
[N/ (kgf/)]
[g]
)
[N/ (kgf/)]
, , ,
.
100(10.2)
80(8.2)
7.0
2.0
1000(102)
5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7) 5.2
.
KS (KS F 4919)
, , ,
[N/]
0.8
(g) 2.0
[N/] 1.0
[%] 50
0.3 N/ Sd [m] 4
)
-10
20
) Sd 4m 2 .
-
5.
133
KS (KS F 4920)
[N/]147.1(15)
245.2(25)
147.1(15)
49.0(5)
[%] 300 450 450 600
[N/ (kgf/)]68.6(7)
147.1(15)
147.1(15)
29.4(3)
[%]
-20100 400
100 300
100 400
100 200
60 30 60 30 60
[%]
-20 70 250 50 300
20 180 300 300 300
60 150 200 200 250
[%]-1 1
-4 1
-1 1
-1 1
[%]
80 150
80 150
80 200
80 130
80 150
80 150
80 200
80 130
60 150
60 150
80 150
60 130
40 150
80 150
80 150
60 130
[%]
200 400 200 500
200 400 200 500
200 400 200 500
200 400 200 500
[N/ (kgf/)]
68.6(7)
68.6(7)
68.6(7)
29.4(3)
[N/
(kgf/)]
49.0(5)
49.0(5)
49.0(5)
29.4(3)
,
, ,
[] 3
[%] 3
-
.
134
KS (KS F 4922)
()
20~30
, , , (), ,
[N] 16
[%] 300
[N/] 50
[%]
-20 150
60 60
[%]
-20 100
20 200
60 150
% -0.3 0.3
[%]
80 200
80 150
80 150
80 150
80 150
[%]
250
250
250
250
250
[N/ (kgf/)]1.5
, ,
, ,
)
) .
-
5.
135
a) b) , c) ,
d)
[N/]
13.0
13.0 13.0
[%] 33
33
33
KS (KS F 4925)
,
1 , 10
[(N/] 25.0
0.70
0.70 [N/] 0.80
KS (KS F 4926)
, ,
(): -60~+60
: -60~+60 1.5%
[%] 0.1
[%] 80
28 [%] 80
0.8 ( 7, 28) 1.0
0.7 0.7
[] 3.0
KS (KS F 4931)
-
.
136
[N/]
-20 0.80
20 0.15
[%]
-20 0.5
20 1.0
[N/]-20 1.2 20 0.6
[coulomb] 100
[%] 150, 30 2.0 -20
[N/] 5.0 , ,
-20 , ,
KS (KS F 4932)
, ,
[%] 3% (h) 3
[N/]
1.5 80%
80%
[%] 100
80%
80%
[N/]
-20 0.80
20 0.15
[%]
-20 0.5
20 1.0
[N/]-20 1.2 20 0.6
[coulomb] 100
[%] 150, 30 2.0 , ,
-20 , ,
-
5.
137
,
.
,
, .
.
.
(KS)
28
.
,
, .
, , ,
, ,
, , ( ),
.
. ,
.
, , ,
.
-
.
138
5.4 ()
5.4.1
, ,
. ,
.
5.4.2
(1)
1) ()
( 1.25mg/m2h ,
VOCs 4mg/m2h )
: ( )
2) ()
() VOCs 1kg 2g
. 2
: ISO 11890-1[Paints and varnishes - Determination of volatile
organic compound (VOC) content - Part 1: Difference method]
(2)
1) ()
)
2) ()
, , , , , 6(Cr6+), , ,
-
5.
139
,
(mg/L) (mg/L)
(Cd) 0.3 6(Cr6+
) 1.5
(Pb) 3 (CN-) 1
(Cu) 3 1
(As) 1.5 0.3
(Hg) 0.005 0.1
: ( )
(3)
1) ()
)
2) ()
a) 30%
. , 50%
b) 30%
:
5.4.3 /
(1)
/
/
-
- 28
(2)
-
.
140
, , , ,
,
6.
6.1
6.1.1
.
,
.
, , ,
. ,
, ,
, .
(overlay) , (wrapping)
, (membrane) , (edge) , ,
, .
, .
-
6.
141
6.1.2
.
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.1.1
(1)
,
, , , ,
, .
.
, .
,
(, soot), (NOx), (SOx),
(CO2) .
.
,
(VOCs) .
-
.
142
- (PVC )- (, ,
)-
- - -
(, scrap)-
- - ()
- -
, (
)
(2)
(VOCs)
.
(3)
,
.
6.2.1.2
(1)
,
, , , ,
, .
.
, .
-
6.
143
,
(, soot), (NOx), (SOx),
(CO2) .
PE ,
.
.
- (PVC )- (,
, )- - -
- - -
(, scrap)-
- - ()
- -
- -
, (
)
(2)
, ,
(VOCs) .
(3)
,
.
6.2.2
6.2.2.1
-
.
144
.
.
.
,
,
,
,
/
: ~ :
: ,
:
: VOCs,
, VCM
-
6.
145
6.2.2.2
.
.
.
,
,
,
,
/
: ~ :
: ;
( )
: ,
: ( )
:
-
.
146
: VOCs,
, VCM
6.2.3
6.2.3.1
.
,
- (, )
-
-
VOCs, , VCM
- VOCs
- VCM
PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
,
.
(TBT, TPT) . ,
TBT(tributyl tins) , ,
,
. TPT(triphenyl tins) TBT
.
.
-
6.
147
.
VOCs .
, , , , ,
, VOCs (sick
building syndrome) .
VOCs
.
PBBs, PBDEs , ,
2005 . ,
PVC (VCM, vinyl chloride monomer)
, , , ,
. ,
VCM () , PVC
.
6.2.3.2
.
-
.
148
;
-
-
,
- (, )
-
( )
- ( )
-
VOCs, , VCM
- VOCs
- VCM
PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
,
.
(TBT, TPT) . ,
TBT(tributyl tins) , ,
,
. TPT(triphenyl tins) TBT
.
.
.
VOCs .
, , , , ,
, VOCs (sick
-
6.
149
building syndrome) .
VOCs
.
,
,
. ,
.
.
PBBs, PBDEs , ,
2005 . ,
PVC (VCM, vinyl chloride monomer)
, , , ,
. ,
VCM () , PVC
.
6.2.4
VOCs , , ,
, PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
.
-
.
150
;
-
-
/ - () - ()
,
- (, )
-
- PBBs, PBDEs,
50%
- DEHP
( )
- ( )
/ - () - ()
-
- ,
VOCs, , VCM
- VOCs
- VOCs,
- VCM
-
6.3
/
/ . ,
.
-
6.
151
KS
KS A 1518
, (, ), (, , ), (, ),
(, )
KS F 3127
, , (, , , ), ,
KS F 3128
, , , ( ), (, ),
KS M 7305 , , , , ,
,
.
, , , , ,
, , , ,
.
29.4 N 7.35 N
3
, 4 3.0
(KS)
28
.
.
-
.
152
,
.
,
.
.
6.4 ()
6.4.1
.
6.4.2
(1)
1) ()
(PVC)
(VCM, vinyl chloride monomer) 1mg/kg
: KS M 0031( )
2) ()
a) (PBBs:
polybrominated biphenyls), (PBDEs:
polybromodiphenyl ethers), 50% (short-chain
chlorinated paraffins, C=10~13)
:
b) (DEHP : di-(2-ethyl hexyl
phthalate) (
(DBP : di-butyl phtalate), (BBP : butyl benzyl phtalate),
DEHP )
-
6.
153
:
c) (TBT, TPT),
:
(2)
1) ()
( 1.25mg/m2h, ,
VOCs 4mg/m2h )
: ( )
2) ()
a) (EL252)
( .
1.0mg/L ). 28 0.05mg/m2h , 7
0.125mg/m2h )
: KS M 7305() .
[ KS M ISO 16000-9(
- 9: - ) KS M ISO
16000-4( - ), (
)].
b) (EL252) VOCs
(28 0.2mg/m2h , 7
0.4mg/m2h )
:
[ KS M ISO 16000-9( - 9: -
) KS M ISO 16000-6( - 6: TENAX TA
, MSD/FID
), (
)]
-
.
154
(3)
1) ()
)
2) ()
,
(Pb) (Cd) (Hg)
[/] 50 0.5 0.5
: KS M 0016( ), KS M
0032( )
(4)
1) ()
)
2) ()
a)
b) 50% ( 120g/m2 )
:
6.4.3 /
(1)
/
-
7.
155
- , , , ,
: , , , : , , , : , PVC : ,
- 1~2 ,
: , , , : , , :
- , , - , , ,
- , TV,
,
/
-
- 28
(2)
,
7.
7.1
7.1.1
92) . 60%
, , , ,
. .
92) .
-
.
156
- , , ,
-
- , , , , ,
-
.
KS F 6313
KS G 5700 , , , ,
KS F 3109 ( 1 )
KS F 3128 ,
KS F 3024
KS G 4018 ()
KS G 4008 ( )
7.1.2
, , ,
60% .
-
7.
157
7.2
7.2.1
(1)
, , , (PB), ,
, .
, , , ,
.
,
.
(, soot), (NOx), (SOx), (CO2)
. ,
, .
- (, , , PB, , , )
- (, , )
-
- - -
- ()-
- -
-
, (
)
(2)
VOCs,
.
,
.
.
-
.
158
(3)
,
, .
.
7.2.2
.
.
6
.
,
,
,
,
/
: ~ :
-
7.
159
:
: ,
: ( )
: (, )
: VOCs,
, VCM
7.2.3
.
-
,
- (, )
-
( )
,
-
(, )
-
-
VOCs, , VCM
- VOCs
- VCM
-
.
160
, , , PB, ,
,
.
.
, , , .
, .
,
.
.
,
.
(Pb)
, : , : , , ,
(Cd)
: , , , : , , , , ,
(Hg)
- : , , - : , , - , , , , ,
6 (Cr6+)
: , , , , , : , ,
(As)
, ,
(Sb)
- - , , , ,
-
7.
161
,
.
,
. .
.
VOCs
. ,
.
,
. , ,
, , . .
[ppm]
0.1~5 , ,
1 , ,
0.25~5
10~20 , , ,
50~100 , , , , , , , , , ,
VOCs (sick building
syndrome) .
VOCs
.
PBBs, PBDEs, 50%
,
. , PBBs, PBDEs
, , 2005
. , PVC (VCM,
vinyl chloride monomer) , , ,
,
-
.
162
. , VCM ()
, PVC .
IARC(International Agency for Research on Cancer)
.
.
7.2.4
VOCs, , , , , , ,
, , , , PBBs, PBDEs,
50% ,
5 .
-
-
,
- (, )
-
- PBBs, PBDEs,
50%
- DEHP
( )
-
-
(, )
-
-
- ,
-
VOCs, , VCM
- VOCs
- VOCs,
- VCM
-
-
7.
163
1 , ,
. 9.8N/
2
3
, ,
. 10
3 , ,
, ,
900 3
, ,
3
, ,
450 3 ,
98N
1M 1
7.3
//
. ,
,
.
KS F6313() KS G5700( KS F3109()) KS
F3128( ), KS G 4018( ()), KS G4001(
) , .
,
, , ,
.
.
.
KS (KS F 6313)
-
.
164
60
3
H
,
,
85
()
, ,
,
0.5% ,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
,
, , , . 10
100 60
3 3
KS G 5700
-
7.
165
KS D8301 5.2 3 10 , 6
KS D8301 5.3 4 KS D8301 5.5 6
KS M3803
KS M3803 KS M3803
a) 1.2 , 10%
b) 1.6~16.4 , 2~10%
13%
, 1.5( 2.1)/L , [/L] 1.5
[N]
20 20040 40060 600
[N] 3
50 50075 750100 1000
- [N]
50
- [N]
80
-
100000
1 100005 50000
10 100000
[]1 , .
17 1750 50100 100
[Pa] 1) 2) ,
1/70 3) , ,
15 . 1/70
4) , ,