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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) recognises the purpose of the planning system is to help achieve sustainable development. It views sustainable development as change for the better and positive growth – making economic, environmental and social progress for this and future generations. The NPPF seeks development that is sustainable to be approved without delay and advises that sustainable development should be seen as a ‘golden thread’ running through both the plan‐making and decision‐making process. Referring to the West Somerset guidelines and targets on Climate Change, there are no quantified targets for the building design to achieve in terms of energy reduction or Carbon emissions reductions. However the local authority does aspire to ensuring that all new residential and non‐residential buildings show a significant improvement in this respect from current standards, and therefore, for the purposes of the design, we will show that it achieves significant improvements from the benchmark (Notional) building as defined in the BRE National Calculation Methodology (NCM) Building Regulations Part L analysis. This report shows that a high efficiency gas fired air handling unit, together with DX heat pump units for heating and cooling of the back‐of‐house areas and LED controlled lighting throughout will provide significant CO2 emissions reductions for the new Lidl Store in Minehead, West Somerset. An IES‐VE calculation pass has been undertaken using the National Calculation Methodology for comparing results of the Notional and Actual building models from Part L2A of the 2013 Building Regulations

The improvements between the notional and actual building energy efficiencies by using energy efficient and Low/Zero Carbon systems represents a saving in energy of 3.99 MWh per year for the whole building (2.9% reduction from baseline) and CO2 emissions savings of 10,041 kg of CO2 /year which is equivalent to a 16.1% CO2 savings compared to the baseline.





CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 3

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Summary of Energy Statement Requirements .................................................................................... 5

1.2 Structure of Report ................................................................................................................................... 6

2.0 EXCERPTS FROM RELEVANT LEGISLATION & DOCUMENTATION ................................ 7

2.1 National Planning Policy ......................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 West Somerset Carbon Management Plan ........................................................................................ 8

2.3 West Somerset Local Development Framework : Core Strategy Options Paper .......................... 8

3.0 LIDL’S SUSTAINABILITY PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................... 11

3.1 Sustainability Themes ............................................................................................................................. 11

4.0 ENERGY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 12

4.1 Part L Compliance Calculations using Dynamic Simulation Modelling (DSM) ............................ 12

4.1.1 Description of Process ................................................................................................................................ 12

4.1.2 Building IES modelling Specification for Energy Consumption ...................................................................... 13

4.1.3 BRUKL Output Report ................................................................................................................................. 14

4.1.4 IES‐VE Dynamic Simulation Modelling Results: ............................................................................................ 16

4.1.5 Analysis of Results from IES-VE NCM Model........................................................................................ 20

5.0 REVIEW OF LOW/ZERO CARBON TECHNOLOGIES ............................................................. 21

5.1 Site Energy Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 21 6.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ENERGY REDUCTION AND LOW/ZERO CARBON

TECHNOLOGIES ................................................................................................................................ 23

7.0 WATER MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................... 24

8.0 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................... 25





1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report sets out Lidl's approach to sustainability at a national level as well as how sustainable measures will be integrated into the proposed extended and refurbished Lidl Store in Minehead, West Somerset. Lidl are committed to achieving sustainable development as part of its operations. As a group, Lidl operates an Environmental Management Policy which has been endorsed by senior management. The objectives for achieving sustainable development as part of their operations ranges both between the day‐to‐day running of their retail store and to designing sustainability initiatives within their new buildings. This statement addresses Lidl’s sustainability proposals that will be built into their new developments. The sequence of this report starts with the estimation of the total site annual energy consumption using the IES‐VE thermal modelling package together with associated CO2 emission values.

The report then reviews the different types of LZC energy technologies currently available and assesses the suitability of each in turn for this particular site with recommendations for the most favoured system(s).

Based on this recommendation if applicable, additional simulations are then carried out to ascertain what the projected annual energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions will be, and to compare this figure with the overall site energy consumption.

1.1 Summary of Energy Statement Requirements

There are many pressures on the construction industry to become more sustainable, many of which are driven by international and European legislative requirements. Legislative drivers for sustainability include international agreements such as the Kyoto protocol, European Directives that are enacted through UK Building Regulations, and the UK Government strategy.

Therefore, the main objective of this report is to define an outline on how to incorporate sustainability measures into the project at an early stage so that advice can be given early on the implications of compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations and the implications of all relevant planning policies.

In this document, the principles for developing an energy strategy are presented, where the main objective of the energy strategy is to reduce the CO2 emissions from the proposed development.

The development of the energy strategy is based on the following principles:

Reduce demand

Meet end‐use demand efficiently

Supply from low carbon sources

On site renewable energy generation

Enable effective energy management



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2.0 EXCERPTS FROM RELEVANT LEGISLATION &

DOCUMENTATION

2.1 National Planning Policy

National Planning Policy Framework (March 2012) The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) recognises that the purpose of the planning system is to help achieve sustainable development. It views sustainable development as a change for the better and positive growth – making economic, environmental and social progress for this and future generations. The NPPF seeks development that is sustainable to be approved without delay and advises that sustainable development should be seen as a ‘golden thread’ running through both the plan‐making and decision‐making process. Indeed, a presumption in favour of sustainable development lies at the heart of the NPPF. The NPPF sets out ‘core planning principles’, including:

Supporting sustainable economic development to deliver homes, businesses, infrastructure and thriving local places;

Seeking high quality design and a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants of land and buildings;

Taking account of the different roles and character of different areas, promoting the vitality of urban areas, and protecting Green Belt;

Supporting the transition to a low carbon future in a changing climate, taking full account of flood risk and encourage the reuse of existing resources and the use of renewable resources including renewable energy;

Contribute to conserving and enhancing the natural environment and reducing pollution;

Encouraging the effective use of land by reusing land that has been previously developed (brownfield land), provided it is not of high environmental value;

Promoting mixed use developments, and encourage multiple benefits from the use of land in urban and rural areas;

Conserving heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance;

Making the fullest possible use of public transport, walking and cycling, and focus significant development in locations which are or can be made sustainable

Supporting local strategies to improve health, social and cultural wellbeing for all, and deliver sufficient community and cultural facilities and services to meet local needs.





2.2 West Somerset Carbon Management Plan

Target: Identified, quantified and costed projects are estimated to deliver 95% of our 20% CO2 reduction target. We believe the remaining 5% of our target can be delivered by 2015, as we continue to identify and implement new projects. WSC has established its CO2 baseline and now every effort needs to be made to ensure that the Authority continues to reduce its carbon footprint through active recording and monitoring of energy data for the following operations:

Buildings and street lighting: these include Council offices, depot, Visitor Information Centre, Customer Contact Centre, public conveniences, street lighting along Minehead seafront, Watchet Esplanade and the office car park at Williton. They directly contribute to 29% of the Authority’s footprint.

Transport: this includes the carbon emissions produced from our fleet, including Grounds Maintenance vehicles and equipment, the Car Parking Team, Environmental Health, Maintenance and Harbour vehicles. The business mileage for staff and councillors is also included. In 2010/2011 public transport mileage will also be added. Transport accounts for 70% of the Council’s carbon footprint.

Water and waste: these contribute 1% of the Council’s baseline and include water used by all our assets, including office buildings, depot and public conveniences. The waste is from the office buildings.

2.3 West Somerset Local Development Framework : Core Strategy Options Paper

The following excerpts taken from this report prepared by Environ in July 2010 are relevant to climate change requirements in the construction of new buildings : Section 2 Climate and Energy

2a. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

2b. Improve adaptation for unavoidable climate change including consideration of the location of development.

2c. Increase energy efficiency and the amount of energy generated from renewable sources. Section 4.2 Recommendations The strategic objective concerning reducing CO2 emissions for the District should be expanded to state methods of emissions reduction, e.g. through greater energy efficiency and greater generation of power from renewable sources;

The strategic objectives should be expanded to include reference to avoiding noise pollution and reducing impacts on tranquillity;

The fourth bullet point of the strategic objectives could be expanded to include the design of new development adapting to climate change; The vision and strategic objectives could be improved by reference to increasing energy efficiency and generation and use of renewable energy;





Theme 6.4 Climate Change - Mitigating the effects of climate change

2.4 West Somerset Community Climate Change Strategy 2008-2012 - July 2008 West Somerset Council is committed38 to continuing to promote the take up of energy efficiency measures, including insulation, by householders. It is clearly the most cost effective solution and support already exists in the form of national and regional grants. Although figures do not exist that tell us how many households are still to be insulated we believe that there is a significant portion that are not and would benefit from some form of insulation.

Some simple analysis has been undertaken to understand which micro‐generation technology would be the better option in terms of the CO2

saving potential as well as the cost effectiveness and the benefits to the

local economy as a whole (refer to appendix 8). Wood fuel boilers appear to be the most suitable option both in terms of cost effectiveness and potential CO2

reduction. Given the rural nature of West Somerset,

the number of off‐gas wards and the presence of some activity in this sector, wood fuel and biomass technology also present wider economic benefits to the community. For these reasons the deployment of wood fuel technology is discussed in more detail. Other micro‐generation technologies exist that should not be dismissed, and the community would benefit from a further study to closely examine the potential for the deployment of a range of technologies. In particular micro‐hydro technology in and around the Porlock area has been the subject of some attention by

SA Objectives of relevance are as follows:

Reduce impact on tranquillity from noise and visual intrusion; Reduce the need to travel and facilitate modal shift (particularly with regard to reducing the impact of traffic during the peak summer months); Reduce greenhouse gas emissions; Improve adaptation for unavoidable climate change including consideration of the location of development; Increase energy efficiency and the amount of energy generated from renewable sources; To reduce waste generation and disposal, increase recycling and achieve the sustainable management of waste; Reduce risk of flooding including coastal flooding; Improve efficiency of water use;

To improve health and well-being of the population and improve access to health services for all; Ensure that special and distinctive landscapes, and features within them, are conserved and enhanced; Ensure provision is made to incorporate green infrastructure into spatial planning; Improve sustainable economic activity within West Somerset enabling regeneration of key areas; Protect and enhance biodiversity at all levels; Maintain, restore and enhance populations of focal species; and Maintain and improve the conservation status of selected designated and non-designated nature conservation sites.





the local community. Given the restrictions on wind turbines in the Exmoor National Park Authority area, small scale hydro could provide a suitable alternative. Solar thermal would be a suitable choice to support the installation of wood fuel boilers and will optimise the efficiency benefits. Wave or tidal potential has never really been assessed locally and there may be opportunities for some innovative approaches similar to that off the coast of Lynmouth. Ground and air source heat pumps are a technology that is enjoying increases in sales and deployment across the region.

Developing and strengthening the wood fuel supply chain will bring increased economic benefit to the West Somerset economy through the displacement of imported grid electricity or oil. The costs savings will benefit the householder directly and the cost for wood fuel will benefit the local wood fuel supply chain.

2.5 Summary of Climate Change Requirements for Planning

Taking into account the current guidelines and targets issued by the West Somerset council, the design of the new Lidl store will aim to reduce the consumption of energy and CO2 emissions by ensuring that the actual building performance is significantly better than the notional (Benchmark) building as defined by the National Calculation Methodology analysis used for the Part L Compliance check. This will be achieved by:

The use of high standard thermal insulation of the building fabric and glazing

The construction of a low air permeability building

The use of high efficiency mechanical and electrical equipment and associated controls

The use of at least one Low / Zero Carbon technology on site





3.0 LIDL’S SUSTAINABILITY PHILOSOPHY

Lidl are committed to achieving sustainable development as part of its operations. As a group, Lidl operates an Environmental Management Policy, which has been endorsed by senior management. The objectives for achieving sustainable development as part of their operations ranges both between the day‐to‐day running of their retail stores, to designing sustainability initiatives within their new buildings. In addition to national objectives, the development proposals put forward for any single planning application would also look to meet the local planning authority’s requirements for sustainability. This strategy presents a generic approach to meeting the targets and objectives for sustainable development. The strategy is based on a number of key themes that are relevant to Lidl’s proposals.

3.1 Sustainability Themes

Minimise Energy Use: the objective is to minimise energy needs in development by following a hierarchical approach to minimising energy use.

Sustainable Building Materials: this theme covers a range of sustainability impacts including, minimising the energy required for producing and transporting building materials, using recycled material from local sources as far as possible and by choosing materials with a low embodied energy.

Sustainable Construction: This theme covers the methods used during the construction phase to reduce disturbance and the impacts on the surrounding environment.

Sustainable Transport and Accessibility: the objective is to minimise car usage and to encourage walking, cycling and the use of public transport.





4.0 ENERGY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

4.1 Part L Compliance Calculations using Dynamic Simulation Modelling (DSM)

4.1.1 Description of Process

Dynamic Simulation Modelling (DSM), as used for Part L Building regulations compliance, has been conducted using the IES Virtual Environment (VE) software package. The Virtual Environment software package will be used extensively throughout this project, as it allows a single model to be used for all the required analysis related to the building performance regarding passive and active strategies, energy efficient mechanical and electrical systems, and renewable energy technologies. IES‐VE is dynamic simulation modelling (DSM) software which assists architects and engineers in developing a sustainable building design by offering a quantitative feedback as a response to different design options. The software allows the user to create a “virtual environment” where building mass, form, climate, natural resource availability, occupancy, materials and services are taken into consideration in order to analyse different energy saving strategies. The CO2 emission factors used in the calculations shall be as specified in the paper published by the DECC (Department of Energy and Climate Change) as stated in Part L of the 2013 Building Regulations for England.

The standard building model which used throughout the project will be based on the following information where available:

Architectural drawings

Architectural specification

Mechanical specification

Electrical specification

Room data sheets

Local Weather Data

An IES model was built; representing the new store with a standard gas fired heating system for the main retail area and bakery preparation area, and DX heat pump units in the back‐of‐house areas. The results of this were used to generate building energy performance reports in line with the NCM procedures to assess the actual proposed building against the notional (benchmark).





4.1.2 Building IES modelling Specification for Energy Consumption

The benchmark building has the following input data taken into account throughout the simulation:

Occupational hours: o Monday to Saturday: 8:00 till 20:00 o Sunday: 10:00 till 16:00

HVAC system: o Sales Area and Food Prep : Gas fired boiler serving sales area air handling units o Manager Office, Warehouses & Staff Room: Split DX heat pump units o DHW: Electric heaters

The U‐values used in the calculations are taken from those used in the standard specification for new Lidl stores:

o Walls – 0.25 W/m²K o Floor – 0.25 W/m²K o Roof – 0.19 W/m²K o Glazing – 1.1 W/m²K

The existing store energy consumption has been calculated using IES‐VE, the results are shown in the table below. These results show the regulated energy consumption for the new store.

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The total energy consumption for the Notional (Benchmark) Building is 136,878 kWh per annum The total energy consumption for the Actual (Proposed) Building is 132,885 kWh per annum The total estimated CO2 emission for the Notional (Benchmark) Building is 62,345 CO2 per annum (excluding unregulated equipment loads). The total estimated CO2 emission for the Actual (Proposed) Building is 52,304 CO2 per annum (excluding unregulated equipment loads). The improvements between the notional and actual building energy efficiencies by using energy efficient and Low/Zero Carbon systems represents a saving in energy of 3.99 MWh per year for the whole building (2.9% reduction from baseline) and CO2 emissions savings of 10,041 kg of CO2 /year which is equivalent to a 16.1% CO2 saving compared to the baseline.





5.0 REVIEW OF LOW/ZERO CARBON TECHNOLOGIES

The purpose of this section is to estimate site energy requirements and to analyse feasibility of each of different low/zero carbon technologies for the site. Not all of these technologies will be appropriate, however and the most suitable one should be applied in order to meet required energy and CO2 reduction. 5.1 Site Energy Requirements

The benchmark figures for total annual energy consumption and CO2 emissions are respectively 136,878 kWh per annum and 62,345 CO2 per annum (excluding unregulated equipment loads).

With these figures in mind, the sections below analyse the estimated energy returns for the different types of renewable energy sources available. 5.2 Biomass Biomass would be looked upon as a favourable type of renewable energy for this particular application. The biomass unit would be sized to match the base load of the building and operated as the lead heat source in tandem with a gas or oil fired conventional boiler. It is likely for this site, that a Biomass unit would satisfy at least 20% of the renewable energy generation in terms of CO2 emissions. Delivery would be either a tipper lorry or walking floor trailer which would drop the fuel into a hopper from where a blower unit would transport it to the top of the silo. The preferred method of storage bearing in mind the site area restrictions would be using an above ground cylindrical silo with a suggested capacity of approx. 70 cubic metres. Biomass fuel is generally regarded as a zero carbon emission fuel over the lifetime of the plant material although there will be a residual carbon footprint relating to collecting, processing and transporting the fuel. This figure is in the order of 5% in most cases. However, an overriding reason against using this type of unit is the space restrictions on this particular site and the lack of available space for the storage and delivery of the fuel. Furthermore, the high NOX emissions and particle content of the exhaust gases from the average biomass unit may raise objections from the Environment Agency and planning department. The client has confirmed that this solution would not be acceptable for this site. 5.3 Wind Turbines

The estimated average wind speeds at this location in the UK are 5.7 metres/sec at 25 metres and 5.0

metres/sec at 10 metres. The use of wind turbines would have a high visual and noise impact for the site location and taking into

account the energy generated over the year, this would be an inefficient way of reducing Carbon emissions compared to other renewable energy technologies.

The client has confirmed that this solution would not be acceptable for this site.





5.4 Solar Domestic Hot Water The application of solar thermal panels is for the heating of domestic hot water and due to the low demand of hot water services in this building; this solution would not be cost effective. 5.5 PV Solar panels

As an example, if a part of the horizontal roof was used for the installation of Photovoltaic solar panels, the estimated annual energy generated by around 100 m2 of Monocrystalline PV solar panels would be approximately 100m2 x 85 kWh/m2 = 8,500 kWh per annum. As a result of grid displaced electricity, the energy harvested would represent an emissions saving of 8,500 x 0.529 = 4,497 kg CO2 per annum. However, the structure of the roof would need to be designed to support the additional weight of the panels. Furthermore, due to the low CO2 savings relative to the high capital cost another source of renewable energy in the form of air source heat pumps has been recommended. 5.6 Ground Source Heat Pumps A ground source heat pump using a DX refrigeration circuit to absorb heat from the ground as opposed to from the air, would be used to provide low pressure hot water to serve radiators, underfloor heating and/or air handling units for space heating purposes.

The heat absorption would be undertaken using either a series of boreholes or a horizontal matrix of MDPE pipework installed at approximately 1.2m below the surface.

However the required area for boreholes and cost of the technology do not make it favourable for this particular site. 5.7 Combined Heat & Power Unit Combined heat and power would be looked upon as a favourable type of renewable energy for this particular application if there was a constant heat demand throughout the year. The CHP unit would be sized to match the base load of the building and operated as the lead heat source in tandem with a gas or oil fired conventional boiler. The unit would also be operated based on the thermal load of the building as opposed to the electrical demand. As such any excess electricity generated would be re‐exported to the grid using an import / export meter. For this building however, there is no such heating base load, and, as such, the installation of any CHP unit would be inappropriate and would result in higher than necessary CO2 emissions.





6.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ENERGY REDUCTION AND LOW/ZERO CARBON TECHNOLOGIES

The following features have been incorporated into the design of the new building:

Building fabric and floor thermal insulation considerably better that Part L 2013 Building Regulations recommended values

Glazing specification in terms of thermal insulation and solar transmittance considerably better that Part L 2013 Building Regulations recommended values

Use of high efficiency condensing gas boiler for sales area and warehouse heating

Variable air volume air handling unit controlled by air quality sensors in sales area

Use of high efficiency VRV Heat air source heat pumps for the heating of the sales area, warehouse and Food Prep areas

Installation of LED light fittings throughout complete with dimmable lighting controls and PIR movement sensors

Installation of BMS controls system complete with metering capabilities

No hot water storage – only point‐of‐use electric heaters

Controls Heating ventilation and air conditioning systems shall be:

Zoned for different solar exposure conditions and patterns of use.

Fitted with independent time and temperature controls.

Not be capable of being both heated and cooled at the same time.

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8.0 CONCLUSION

Referring to the West Somerset guidelines and targets on Climate Change, there are no quantified targets for the building design to achieve in terms of energy reduction or carbon emissions reductions. However the local authority does aspire to ensuring that all new residential and non‐residential buildings show a significant improvement in this respect from current standards, and therefore, for the purposes of the design, we will show that it achieves significant improvements from the benchmark (Notional) building as defined in the BRE National Calculation Methodology (NCM) Building Regulations Part L analysis. Dynamic Simulation Modelling compliant with Part L 2010 has been used to anticipate the Building Emission Rate (BER) for the actual building and the Target Emission Rate (TER) for the notional building. The totals below are based on the calculated values per m2 for the notional and actual buildings taken from the Part L Calculations using the net internal area of 2,158 m2. Actual Building: The total estimated energy consumption for the actual building is 132,885 kWh per annum The total estimated CO2 emission for the actual building is 52,304 kg CO2 per annum Notional Building: The total estimated energy consumption for the notional building is 136,878 kWh per annum The total estimated CO2 emission for the notional building is 62,345 kg CO2 per annum The improvements between the notional and actual building energy efficiencies by using energy efficient and Low/Zero Carbon systems represents a saving in energy of 3.99 MWh per year for the whole building (2.9% reduction from baseline) and CO2 emissions savings of 10,041 kg of CO2 /year which is equivalent to a 16.1% CO2 saving compared to the baseline.

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