1

E. Mail: samwahab@hotmail.com

451427232006

2

Symbol Model

Abstracted

Modeled(Lu,X.Z.,1993,

P.148) .Symbols

Representation Graphic

Abstractions

3

Vassconcellos, R.,1993, P.994)

"Board,1989"

Intellectual Abstraction

Digital (Su, B.,et al., 1993, P.469)

Digital

Cartography

GIS

Theory

Definition

Digital Map

Digital Landscape Model

4

Cartographic Information Systems

Geographic Information System

Cartographic Data Base

Geographic Data Base

(Artimo,K.,1993,P.1121)

"Robinson"

(Robinson, A., etal.,1995, P.17)

Visual Sign System

Kanakubo,T.,et al.,1993, P.19)

"Turnbull & Baird“Graphic

Communication

5

(Turnbull,A.T., & Baird,

R.N., 1964, P.1)

Communication Infrastructures

6

(Middleton, J.,&Wedemeyer,J.,1985.P.24)

Digital Interactive Atlases

National Atlases

1

National Atlas of the United States of America

Landform Atlases

Electronic Cultural Atlases

South

Australia Atlas

7

1

National Atlas of the United States of America http://nationalatlas.gov

Color Landform Atlases of the United States of America http://www.landforms.biz

Electronic Cultural Atlas http://www.atlas.sa.gov.au

8

Functions of the

Reception System

(Uthe,A.D.,1993, PP.267 - 270)

9

Digital

Map (Artimo,K.,1993, P.1124)

10

11

12

13

Cartographic Approaches

2

Virtual Maps

Satellite ImagesDigital Aerial

Photographs

Interactive

Real Maps

3Cartographic Approaches

Single Variable Maps

14

Cartographic Communication

Cartographic Language

Multivariable MapsSuperimposed

FeaturesSegmented Symbols

Cross-Variable Maps

Composite Index Maps

Cartographic Modeling

15

16

17

2

18

Rapid

19

Assessment Procedures (RAP)

"Susan &Elena"

(Scrimshaw, S., Hurtado, E., 1987)

Remote

Sensing Images

20

3

4

21

Cross-Variable Mapping

hybrid Measures

Scatter

Graphs (Scatter Diagrams)

––

(Dickinson, G.C.,1973, P.27,28)

Rectangular

Legend

(Robinson, A., et al., 1995, P.391)

22

Inter-Relation

ClassificationRegionalisation (Chang, K-T.,

1982, P.95)

(GIS)

ARCVIEW

Scatter plots

23

Avenue

–

––

(Haug, D.H., et al., 1997, P.207)

Legend Matrix

Multivariate Information

––

Triangular Graph

–

(Monkhouse, F., Wilkinson, H., 1976, PP.380-382)

111

–

111

24

(Dickinson, G.C., 1973, PP.35,36)

–

–

––

5

51

I

II

III

- 1

25

- 2

- 3

- 4

51

26

52003

27

Off–Diagonal

Choropleth Map

Prominent Aspect

(Robinson, A., et al.,

1995, P.55)

28

Composite Index

Cartographic Modeling

29

(Stefanov, 1964; Salishch, 1967)

(Rataiski, 1970,1972,1978,1984)

–

(Tikunov,V.,

1993, P.755)

Abstraction of Reality

(Demers, M.N., 1997, P.52)

Single

Hybrid Variable

Single Numerical Index

Single

Variable

30

(Robinson, A., et

al., 1995, P.553)

Multivariate Mapping

More Sophisticated Maps

( Robinson, A., et al., 1995, P.553)

(Few, A.A.,

1996, P.5)

Simulate Spatial Patterns

(Weng, Q., 1997,P.204)

Spatial

Overlay

Spatial Interaction Factors

31

(A de Bruijn,

C.,1991,P.221)

6

1

2

345

6

32

21152235

62005

33

Reliability

(Tikunov,V.,1982)

Map

Accuracy

Factual Errors

Feature omissionMiss-

IdentificationAccuracy

Standards

(Robinson, A., et al. 1995, P.555)

34

35

Geographical

Information Systems (GIS)

Cartographic Information Systems

36

Cartographic Data

Base

Expert Systems

Cartographic

Communication

Virtual Maps

Digital Maps

37

Interactive Atlas

(DTM) Digital Terrain Model

Satellite Image

Remote Sensing

Multi Media

Cartographic Animation

Digital Maps WEP Service

38

A de Bruijn, C., (1991) Spatial Factors in Urban Growth

Toward GIS Models for Cities in Developing Countries,

In: ITC Journal, 1991-4.

Chang, K-T., (1982) Multi-Component Quantitative

Mapping, The Cartographic Journal, Vol.19,No2.

DeMers, M. N., 1997, Fundamentals of Geographic

Information Systems, John Wiley&Sons, INC., New

York.

Dickinson, G.C., 1973, Statistical Mapping and the

Presentation of Statistics, Edward Arnold, London.

Few, A. A., (1996) System Behavior and System

Modeling, University Science Books, Sausalito,

California.

Haug, D. B., et al., (1997) Implementing Exploratory

Spatial Data Analysis Methods for Multivariate

Health Statistics, In: GIS Annual Conference, Ohio.

Kana ub T & ra da & i b r & r i a

& T r , Z., & Morita,T., Board, C., 1993, The Selected

Main Theoretical issues Facing Cartography, In: 16th

ICC, Cologne.

Lu, X. Z., (1993) An Object-Oriented Expert System of

Quantitative Cartography, In: 16th

ICC, Cologne.

McTaggart, D., (1997) Accelerating the Benefits of

GIS Technology, In: GIS Annual Conference,

October 28-30, Ohio.

39

Middleton, J., & Wedemeyer, J., 1985, Methods of

Communication Planning, Unesco, France.

Monkhose, F. J., Wilkinson, H. R., (1971) Maps and

Diagrams, Methuen&Co LTD, London.

Robinson, A., et al., (1995) Elements of Cartography,

Sixth Ed., John Wiley and Sons, INC., New York.

Scrimshaw, S., Hurtado, E., 1987, Rapid Assessment

Procedures, The United Nations University, Tokyo.

Su, B., & Zhang, W., & Li, H., & Zhang, Y., & Zhu, X.,

& Li, J., 1993, Aknowledge Base System Based on GIS

for Thematic Mapping, In: 16th ICC, Cologne.

Tikunov, V. S., (1993) Theoretical Issues in Cartographic

Modeling In: 16th

ICC, Cologne.

Turnbull, A.T., & Baird, R.N., 1964, The Graphics of

Communication: Typography, Layout, Design, Holt,

Rinehart and Winston, New York.

Uthe, D., 1993, Directing the Design of Maps For Public

Information on the Base of user Oriented Communication

model, In: 16th ICC, Cologne.

Wang, Z., 1993, Searching for the Most Suitable

Cartographic Representation in Statistical Mapping, In:

16th ICC, Cologne.

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