E-Learning Presented by: Venue: Prof. Federico Macaranas UPLB Log In

E-Learning and Competitiveness Issues in

ASEAN

!

At the 12th National Conference on E-Learning

“Aligning eLearning Capacities toward an

Integrated ASEAN”

University of the Philippines, Los Baños

6 December 2014

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Key Messages 1. In a very complex situation, as presented in this topic,

clarity of thinking requires a systems approach

2. We must focus on subjects with wider impact on the

common enabling environments affecting ASEAN

Priority Industries and key sectors in the Political

Security community (APSC), Economic Community

(AEC), and the Socio-cultural Community (ASCC).

3. We need management schools in ASEAN to help

map out the priority needs in e-Learning for

competitiveness and cooperation needed for

effective integration.

COMPLEXITY & SYSTEMS

THINKING

E-LEARNING

Government

Academe

Civil Society

ASEAN

Integration

•Climate Change

•Food and Agriculture

•Natural Resources

•Rural Development

ASEAN

University

Network

Supply

• APSC

• AEC

• ASCC

Demand

• Government

• Academe

• Civil Society

Electronics

e-ASEAN

Healthcare

Wood-based products

Automotives Rubber-based products

Textiles

and

apparels

Agro-

based

products

Fisheries

Air Travel

Tourism

FOOD AND

AGRICULTURE

RURAL

DEVELOPMENT

NATURAL

RESOURCES

CLIMATE

CHANGE

Why E-Learning? 1.Fast Track Learning

2.Cheaper

3.Wider Audience

4.University 2.0 is the new

version of learning

Input Process Output Outcome ASEAN University Network

and Ministry of Education

(MOE) of the Republic of

Korea (ROK)

ASEAN Cyber University

(CLMV & Thailand)

Students proficient in

ICT

Competitive ASEAN

workforce

ASEAN member states,

initiated by Ministry of ICT,

Thailand, under the ASEAN

ICT Master Plan 2015

ASEAN Community e-

Classroom

Learning innovation for

knowledge

management

Better educated

marginalized members of

society like the youth,

women, elderly, persons

with physical disabilities,

and guardians of children

with learning disabilities

ASEAN IPR SME Helpdesk

(of the European Union)

E-Learning Modules

address various aspects of

intellectual property in

ASEAN

Series of 20-minute,

interactive E-Learning

Modules addressing

various aspects of

intellectual property in

ASEAN

Better informed

business people on IPR

ASEAN has several projects and programs (i.e. fora, workshops, educational

education and curricula improvement) aiming to improve education among key

stakeholders especially on issues presented.

REGIONAL E-LEARNING INITIATIVES IN ASEAN

Moving Away from Industrial Age Model

of Education: Toward University 2.0 Inputs:

Faculty not as broadcasters of information or curators of learning but interactive

Encourage students to discover for themselves, think critically (note de Bono’s

ideas in next slides), not memorize professor’s store of information

Students whose real learning begin when they leave the lecture hall and start

discovering and internalizing what was just said

Process:

University as a network, eco-system and not an ivory tower

From mass production to mass customization

From “Instruction with more collaborative approach” to “constructing learning”

Open access meta University that is transcendent, accessible, empowering,

dynamic, communally constructed framework of open materials and platforms

Outputs & Outcomes:

Learning begins outside the classroom Source: Don Tapscott and Anthony Williams, Macrowikinomics, Atlantic books: 2010

De Bono: Why Universities are Out of Date “(the) origin of universities was to bring wisdom and knowledge of the past and

make it available to the students of today. In a digital age, it is possible to get all the knowledge you need without a university.”

Hence, new skills have to be taught:

Information skills and how to obtain and assess information Thinking skills including creative, design, constructive and perceptual thinking (not just analysis and logic)

People skills : how to deal and manage people

Operational skills: designing and carrying out projects

Social involvement: discuss specific issues and organize creative approaches to different social issues.

“It is no longer enough for universities to be ‘little closed houses of knowledge.”

Source: Edward de Bono, Think! Before It’s Too Late, Random House Group, 2009

Enabling Technology The Promise The Change

“The Net”

Interinstitutional

Computing

Study Team

Computing

Personal

Multimedia

Institution

Infostructure

The High-Performance

Learning Team

The Integrated

School

The Open

School

Effective Individual

Learning

The Learning

Economy

Knowledge

Age Learning

Recasting

External

Relationships

Curriculum

Redesign

Course

Redesign

Learning

Efficiency

The Transformation of Formal Education

Source : The Digital Economy by Don Tapscott, p. 204

Enabling Technology The Promise The Change

“The Net”

Interenterprise

Computing

Workgroup

Computing

Personal

Multimedia

Enterprise

Infostructure

The High-Performance

Team

The Integrated

Enterprise

The Extended

Enterprise

The Effective

Individual

The Internetworked

Business

Wealth Creation,

Social Dev’t

Recasting

External

Relationships

Organizational

Transformation

Business Process

and Job Redesign

Task, Learning

Efficiency

Business Transformation through the New Media Source : The Digital Economy by Don Tapscott, p. 75

Competitiveness with Inclusive Growth: Separate Frameworks United by Concern for People

H (Human)

K (Physical)

R (Natural)

HKR Capital

Ideas

Things

Inputs Demand (consumers)

Firm Rivalry, Structure and

Strategy

Related and Supporting

Industries

Competit

iveness Inputs

Inclusive

Growth

Gov’t

or

PPP

Porter Framework

Welfare

b. Reducing distortions favoring K

a. Addressing misgovernance and corruption

d. Strengthening regulation

c. Correcting market failures hurting H and R

Financial Markets

Quality of Growth

Gov’t

/ PPP

Gov’t

/ PPP

Gov’t

/ PPP

Gov’t

/ PPP

E-LEARNING FOR THE COMMON

ENABLING ENVIRONMENTS

AFFECTING ASEAN

Competitiveness and Inclusive Growth

Political Economic Socio-

cultural

Technological Ecological

Good

governance

and anti-

corruption

Macro

stability

based on

Fiscal reform

and Job

generation

Intangibles

conversion

into

Tangible

assets

Filipinnovation Environment

al protection

+

Climate

change

resiliency

(adaptation)

Expand int’ l & domestic markets

Productive employment; entrepreneurship

Address infra bottlenecks

Expand invst and entrep

Quality & productivity

Sustainable Development

Greater value for money

Business Environment Efficiency Equity Hard Soft Large scale Small scale Global

Industries Local

Industries Consumer Producer

Welfare

Green Growth e-Learning (UNESCAP)* • Target Audience: “middle-level government managers, ministerial

officials, private-sector decision makers, NGO’s, academics and other

actors

• Countries: Asia and the Pacific

• Core Courses: Fundamentals of Green Growth (Sustainable

Consumption and Production, Greening Business, Sustainable

Infrastructure, Green Tax and Budget Reform, Economics of Climate

Change); Low Carbon Green Growth Roadmap; Liveable Cities;

Sustaining Growth

• Other Features: Virtual Library, Case Studies, Online facilities

(Messaging, discussion forums, news etc)

• Themes: Climate Change, Natural Resources Management, and Rural

Development

*Source: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

E-Learning Tool “Planning for Community

Based Adaptation to Climate Change” (FAO)

• Target Audience: Field technicians and extension staff in agriculture

and related sectors in developing countries governmental and non-

governmental organizations engaged in implementing Climate

Change adaptation project

• Countries: field testing already done in Nepal, Bangladesh and

Philippines and other countries

• Core Courses: Climate Change, Food Security, Preparing for

Community-based Adaptation, Implementing Community-based

Adaptation

• Themes: Climate Change, Food and Agriculture, Natural Resources

Management, and Rural Development

ASEAN MANAGEMENT

SCHOOLS TO MAP OUT E-

LEARNING NEEDS

Strengths

• Accessibility (distance learning) through internet

• Flexibility, self-paced learning

• Removes information asymmetry

• Addresses different learning styles

• Can develop high order thinking skills and lifelong learning

• Less cost (fewer classrooms, fewer teachers)

Weaknesses

• Lack of Cross-accreditation in ASEAN

• Lack of Harmonization of courses, programs, semester schedules & academic standards

• High start-up costs

• Distance educators and students must be technologically literate

• Lacks strong bond that in-person classroom community can offer

• Underestimation of student responsibilities

• Language difficulties

• Communication is undervalued

• Commercial delivery of educational “products”

• Adoption of e-learning especially for the digital immigrants

Opportunities

• Wikis

• Social Networking Sites

• New Modes of storage content

• Open Educational Resources (OER)

• Internationalization of Institutions

• Advancing forms of knowledge

• New Media and designed experience such as 3-D, gaming, animation etc.

Threats

• Significant divide between developing and industrial countries as to the availability of technology and readiness to use it effectively

• Internet access could be unfeasibly costly as well as unreliable

• Cultural diversity

• Face-to-face programs

CLIMATE

CHANGE

FOOD & AGRICULTURE

NATURAL RESOURCES

RURAL

DEV’T

FORESTRY PLANTATIONS

DR

OU

GH

T-R

ES

ISTA

NT

CR

OP

S

GR

EE

N G

RO

WT

H

LIVELIHOOD EMPOWERMENT;

POVERTY ALLEVIATION

Role of Management Schools

• We need to prioritize e-learning activities across ASEAN.

• Promote ASEAN Priority industries

• ASEAN University Network together with the organization of management schools in ASEAN shall give emphasis on climate change

• Build relations with other international and regional organizations (e.g. ITC, UNESCO, ADB, World Bank) in order to scale up e-learning services in the ASEAN region

Role of Management Schools

• Organization of Management schools in ASEAN

could guide the application of e-learning in order to

address the four priority enabling environments.

• Since the other three enabling environments

emanate from climate change problems, the

management schools like AIM could take the lead

in mapping out priority e-learning courses that

would equip the key players who would then

cascade e-learning to the community-level.

Role of Management Schools

• AIM, as a management school in the region,

could align the PELS’ e-learning capacities

by applying e-ASEAN principles to the

organization’s practices, leading to better

social and economic outcomes for the

community.

Climate Change Food and

Agriculture Natural Resources Rural

Development

Brunei - - Universiti Brunei

Darussalam -

Cambodia - - -Royal University of

Phnom Penh -Royal University of

Phnom Penh

Indonesia Universitas

Indonesia

Universitas Gadjah

Mada

-Universitas

Indonesia -Institut

Teknologi Bandung

-Universitas

Airlangga

Universitas

Indonesia

Malaysia Universiti

Kebangsaan

Malaysia

-Universiti Putra

Malaysia

-Universiti

Kebangsaan

Malaysia

-Universiti

Kebangsaan

Malaysia

-Universiti Malaya

Universiti

Kebangsaan

Malaysia

-Universiti Utara

Malaysia

Myanmar - - - -Yangon Institute of

Economics

Aligning AUN Members’ Field of

Expertise for Region-wide Collaboration Table enlisting AUN member universities who are considered experts in the four areas

presents opportunities for capacity-building and shared learning.

Climate Change Food and

Agriculture

Natural Resources Rural

Development

Singapore Nanyang Technological

University

Nanyang Technological

University

-National University of

Singapore -Nanyang

Technological University

-

Thailand -Mahidol University -Burapha University

-Chiang Mai University

-Prince of Songkla

University

-Chulalongkorn University

-Mahidol University

-Chiang Mai University

-Prince of Songkla

University

-Mahidol University

-Prince of Songkla

University

Laos - -National University of

Laos

-National University of

Laos

-National University of

Laos

Vietnam - -Can Tho University -Vietnam National

University, Ho Chi Minh

City -Can Tho

University

-Can Tho University

Philippines -University of the

Philippines -Ateneo

de Manila University

-University of the

Philippines

-University of the

Philippines

-Ateneo de Manila

University

-University of the

Philippines -De

La Salle University

Aligning AUN Members’ Field of

Expertise for Region-wide Collaboration Table enlisting AUN member universities who are considered experts in the four areas

presents opportunities for capacity-building and shared learning.

AUN “Networks of Networks”

Networks AUN code Secretariat

Southeast Asia

Engineering

Education

Development AUN/SEED-Net

Faculty of

Engineering,

Chulalongkorn

University

Business &

Economics AUN-BE Universitas Gadjah

Mada

Inter-Library Online AUNILO Universiti Sains

Malaysia

ASEAN Credit

Transfer System ACTS Universitas Indonesia

AUN “Networks of Networks”

Networks AUN code Secretariat

Human Rights

Education Network AUN-HREN

Institute of Human

Rights and Peace

Studies, Mahidol

University

Intellectual Property

Network AUNIP

Chulalongkorn

University Intellectual

Property Institute

University Social

Responsibility &

Sustainability AUN-USR&S

Universiti

Kebangsaan

Malaysia

Health Promotion

Network TBC TBC

Private Sector E-learning Models Businesses and private firms are incorporating e-learning as part of their human

resource training and corporate social responsibilities, infusing multimedia and gaming

aspects to education and training.

• Huawei Academy Online - Web-based training,

Live Virtual Classroom, On-line Test, E-lab

• Graphite –resources include apps, games, links

to other sites, and digital curricula; supported by

Bill Gates

• Globe Telecoms – m(obile)Education

• Alibaba – online education portal called “Taobao

classmates”; supported online education for

TutorGroup

ANNEX

Traditional Learning vs. E-Learning Research shows that eLearning models manifest effective qualities resulting to better learning

outcomes (According to UNITAR Learning and Training Wiki)

-Teacher usually talks more than the student

-Learning is conducted with the whole class

-Teacher conducts lesson according to program/curriculum

-Students Learn “what” rather than the “how”; teachers are busy completing required subject matter quota; lack of inquiry-based education but rather in

tasks set by teacher

-Low student motivation; subject matter is distant

-Teacher is the authority

-Learning takes place within the classroom & school

-Teacher dictates structure of lesson and the division of time

-Higher student freedom and participation

-Learning takes place in group or independently (as individual)

-Student participates in determining subject; studying is based on various

sources of information

-Students learn “how” and less “what”; learning includes research study which

combines searching and collecting information; learning is better connected to the real world; subject matter is richer

and includes material in different formats

-Student motivation is higher due to involvement in matters close to them

and to the use of technology

-Teacher guides

-Learning takes place with no fixed location

-Structure of lesson is affected by group dynamics

Source: Rashty, D. (n.d.). Traditional Learning vs. eLearning. UNITAR.

IPOO of E-Learning Projects

in ASEAN and the

Philippines on Four Major

Issues Climate Change

Food and Agriculture

Natural Resources

Rural Development

INPUTS PROCESS

1. Climate Change

Southeast Asian Regional

Center for Graduate Study and

Research in Agriculture

(SEARCA)

Courses on natural resource

management, climate change and

agricultural competitiveness

The One UN Climate Change

Learning Partnership

(partnership of more than 30

multilateral organizations)

Knowledge Sharing and Management;

One UN Climate Change Training; and,

Human Resources, Learning and Skills

Development in Partner Countries.

UNITAR, in conjunction with the

World Trade Institute (WTI,

University of Bern)

e-learning course on Trade and Climate

Change

Food and Agriculture

Organization

e-learning tool 'Planning for Community

Based Adaptation (CBA) to Climate

Change

World Bank Institute

Parliaments and Climate Change E-

learning Course

PREGINET and UP Open

University

Distance Learning in the Philippines and

Southeast Asia.

PREGINET collaboration with

Office of Civil Defense Online disaster management courses

INPUTS PROCESS

2. Food and

Agriculture

PhilRice, DA, DOST, IRRI, ICRISAT,

USM, PAC, CLSU, ISU, UPOU,

PCARRD, ASTI, DA-ITCAF, BPRE,

PCC, DA-BAR, and PhilScat.

Open Academy for Philippine

Agriculture (OPAPA)

Philippine's Department of Agriculture,

Agricultural Training Institute, in

collaboration with government,

academe and NGOs

e-Learning for Agriculture and

Fisheries

IGNOU and the Consultative Group on

International Agricultural Research

(CGIAR) through International Food

Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Global Open Food and Agriculture

University (GO-FAU)

Development Academy of the

Philippines

E-learning course on Production

and certification of Organic food

for Greater Market Access.

INPUTS PROCESS

3. Natural

Resources

ESCAP, the Asian Institute of

Technology (AIT), Regional

Resource Centre for Asia and the

Pacific in partnership with the

Government of the United Kingdom

UNESCAP Green Growth E-

Learning Platform providing E-

Learning Opportunities for

Policy Makers in charge of

Green Growth related

governance

UNESCO

MasterClass on “Network-

enabled Collaboration on Water

Related Disasters and Water

Security

4. Rural

Development

National Library of the Philippines

(NLP), University of the Philippines

(UP), Department of Science and

Technology (DOST), Department of

Agriculture (DA), and the

Commission on Higher Education

(CHED)

Philippine e-Library Project

containing digitized materials of

various resources

Huge Growth in E-Learning in Asia

• Asia is the second largest market

(following US) with revenues projected

to reach US$12.1 billion in 2018, up

from US$7.9 billion in 2013.

• 7 out of the top 10 countries with the

highest eLearning growth rates in the

world are in Asia – Myanmar (50.2%),

Thailand (43.7%), Malaysia (42.3%),

Vietnam, Indonesia, Nepal and

Pakistan – with growth in these

countries above 30%, the report said.

• A major driver of this growth is the

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) as

individual nation states strive for English

proficiency.

Source: University World News, 26 September 2014

34.8 40.9

7.9

12.1

2013 2018

E-Learning Market (Self-paced), in US$ billions

Rest of the World Asia

Globally, the market for eLearning reached US$42.7 billion in 2013, and is projected to reach US$53 billion by

2018, according to Ambient Insight.

MAJOR E-LEARNING INITIATIVES IN ASEAN [1/2]

Since 2004, distance learning technology issues

have been coordinated by the National Science

Council (NSC); Science, Technology and

Environment Agency (STEA); Ministry of

Education (MoE) and National University of Laos

(NUoL).

As part of its Vision 2020, Malaysia

sought to create a world-class ICT

infrastructure as part of its Vision 2020.

Smart School (Sekolah Bestari) initiative

is a flagship program launched in 1996.

University Tun Abdul Razak (UNITAR),

established in 1997, was the first e-

learning university in ASEAN.

In 2004, Japan

supported an e-

Learning center

in Myanmar.

Yangon

University of

Distance

Education is also

championing

open and

distance learning

in the country.

Thailand Cyber University was

established by the Office of the

Commission for Higher

Education. Other examples

include Assumption University,

Sukhothai Thammathirat Open

University and Ramkhamhaeng

University.

In 1988, Vietnam Institute of Open

Learning was established. This

was followed by the Hanoi Open

University (HOU) and Ho Chi Minh

City Open University (HCMCOU).

Many e-learning projects are

supported by the Ministry of

Education and Training.

The Ministry of Education

has recognized the Open

and Distance Learning mode

of study through the by the

Brunei Darussalam National

Accreditation Council. It

employs the e-Hijrah Three

Strategic Pathways: “Whole

School ICT Development”;

“i-Services” and “Foresight

and Innovation”

Cambodia’s Ministry of Education, Youth

and Sports promotes eLearning as

manifested in their Master Plan for ICT in

Education finalized in 2010. First e-

learning was introduced in 2005.

School of Internet (SOI) Asia works in

concert with a number of Indonesian

universities in the provision of online

distance education. UNESCO has

established an e-Learning Site, hosted by

the Directorate General of Higher Education.

MAJOR E-LEARNING INITIATIVES IN ASEAN [2/2]

University of the Philippines

Open University's (UPOU)

provides open and distance

education. Department of

Science & Technology and

Department of Education are

rolling out cloud-based e-

learning projects in the

country.

SIM University (UniSIM), the only

university in Singapore dedicated to

working adults offers e-learning

features. UniSIM is approved by

Singapore's Ministry of Education

(MOE) to award degrees.