E-Government, E-Learning and E-book

Chapter 8 – Innovative EC systems

1. Describe various e-government initiatives.2. Understand e-government implementation

issues.3. Describe e-learning, virtual universities, and

e-training.4. Describe online publishing and e-books.5. Describe knowledge management and

dissemination as an e-business.

2

• e-governmentE-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information to businesses or individual citizens

• e-democracy (cyberdemocracy, digital democracy)The use of EC and electronic communications technologies, such as the Internet, in enhancing democratic processes within a democratic country

3

• government-to-citizens (G2C)E-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens– Electronic Voting– Electronic Benefits Transfer– Information portal e.g

http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis – http://www.nadra.gov.pk/

4

• government-to-business (G2B) and B2GE-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling products and services to government)

e.g http://fbr.gov.pk/http://www.fedvendor.com/ (B2G)

5

• GOVERNMENT-TO-BUSINESS– Government E-Procurement e.g

https://www.fbo.gov (G2B and B2G)– Forward E-Auctions

http://www.governmentauctions.org/ https://www.auctionrp.com

6

7

8

• government-to-government (G2G)E-government category that includes activities within government units and those between governments e.g http://www.govexec.com/

• government-to-employees (G2E)E-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees– Internal Efficiency and Effectiveness (IEE) – US dept of

homeland security

9

• THE TRANSFORMATION TO E-GOVERNMENT (Deloitte and Touche)– Stage 1: Information publishing/dissemination– Stage 2: “Official” two-way transactions with one department at

a time– Stage 3: Multipurpose portals e.g http://sa.gov.au/ – Stage 4: Portal personalization– Stage 5: Clustering of common services e.g

http://www.maxi.com.au/ – Stage 6: Full integration and enterprise transformation– Stage 7:Transition to social computing e.g

http://my.barackobama.com ICT Qatar http://www.ict.gov.qa

10

11

• E-GOVERNMENT AND SOCIAL NETWORKING– Governments are using Web 2.0 tools mainly for

collaboration, dissemination of information, e-learning, online forums, and citizen engagement

– Politicians are using social networking extensively– Reach constituencies anytime, anyplace to provide

information– Foster collaboration among Government employees and

stakeholders– Engage citizens through innovative applications which

promote transparency and openness in government.

12

Source: NewYork E-government Report

13

Source: NewYork E-government Report

14

• IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES OF E-GOVERNMENT– Transformation speed– G2B implementation– Security and privacy issues– Business aspects

• Citizen Adoption of E-Government

15

• mobile government (m-government)The wireless implementation of e-government mostly to citizens but also to business e.g Govt of Canada mobile initiative (Border wait times, Weather, Currency Convertor, etc)

http://canada.gc.ca/mobile/wireless-eng.html

16

• e-learningThe online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management

17

18

• BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF E-LEARNING– Benefits of E-Learning

• Time reduction• Large volume and diversity• Cost reduction• Higher content retention• Flexibility• Updated and consistent material• Fear-free environment

19

– Drawbacks and Challenges of E-Learning• Need for instructor retraining• Equipment needs and support services• Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life• Assessment• Maintenance and updating• Protection of intellectual property• Computer literacy• Student retention

20

• E-LEARNING FAILURES ATTRIBUTED TO– Believing that e-learning is always a cheaper learning or

training alternative– Overestimating what e-learning can accomplish– Overlooking the shortcomings of self-study– Failing to look beyond the course paradigms– Viewing content as a commodity– Ignoring technology tools for e-learning or fixating too

much on technology as a solution– Assuming that learned knowledge will be applied– Believing that because e-learning has been implemented,

employees and students will use it

21

• distance learningFormal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources

• virtual universityAn online university from which students take classes from home or other offsite locations, usually via the Internet

22

• ONLINE CORPORATE TRAINING• IMPLEMENTING E-LEARNING AND E-TRAINING• edutainment

The combination of education and entertainment, often through games

• SOCIAL NETWORKS AND E-LEARNING• Second Life Educators (SLED)• Virtual simulation

23

• online publishingThe electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, books, news, music, videos, and other digitizable information over the Internet

24

• Increased media consumption - average American adult spends 3,900 hrs/yr consuming various media

• 2010 media revenues: $973 billion

• Internet media revenues fastest growing

• Newspapers in transition to online models e.g NY times gets 32 million unique visitors per month

• User-generated content growing, inverting traditional production/business models

• Entertainment moves to mobile devices

• Internet advertising revenues expanding rapidly

• Web becomes entertainment powerhouse

25

26SOURCE: Based on data from U.S. Census Bureau, 2010

• Marketing– Free content drives offline revenues e.g tide.com

• Advertising– Free content paid for by advertising e.g dawn.com

• Pay-per-view/pay-for-download– Charge for premium content e.g Apple itunes

• Subscription– Monthly charges for services e.g rhapsody.com,

wsj.com• Mixed e.g yahoo

27

• Technology– Bandwidth issues for high definition video, CD-quality

music• Cost

– Internet distribution more costly than anticipated, for migrating, repackaging, and redesigning content

• Distribution channels and cannibalization• Digital rights management (DRM)

– Use of technology to circumvent DRM– Interests of content creators versus technology companies

that profit from illegal downloads

28

• Most troubled segment of publishing industry

• However, online readership growing at 15%

• Online newspapers one of most successful forms of online content to date– Newspapers alliances e.g careerbuilder.com

(washighton post and chicago tribune venture)

• Aggregators have used Web to take away part of newspapers’ content/business – classifieds (Craigslist), weather, news, etc.

29

30SOURCES: Based on data from comScore, 2010; eMarketer, 2010

• CONTENT PROVIDERS, PUBLISHERS, AND DISTRIBUTORS– Content Providers and Distribution Methods

• Those who provide and distribute content online

– Publishing of Music, Videos, Games, and Entertainment

31

– WebcastingA free Internet news service that broadcasts personalized news and information, including seminars, in categories selected by the user

– WebinarsSeminars on the Web (Web-based seminars) e.g. goto meeting.com

– podcastA media file that is distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on mobile devices and personal computers. As with the term radio, it can mean both the content and the method of syndication

32

• e-bookA book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special device

• Types of commercial e-books– Web-accessed e-book e.g coursesmart.com– Web-downloadable e-book e.g pdf– Dedicated e-book reader

• Kindle, Sony, Nook– Print-on-demand books

33

– How to protect the publisher’s/ author’s copyright. . How to secure content ( e. g., use encryption, employ Digital Rights Management )

– How to distribute and sell e- books.– How much to charge for an e- book versus a hard copy, and how to collect

payment for e- books.– How to best support navigation in an e- book.– Which standards to use ( e. g. Emerging standards: OEB, ONIX)– How to increase reading speed. On the average screen, reading is 25

percent slower than hard- copy reading. – How to transform readers from hard- copy books to e- books; how to deal

with resistance to change. . – How to design an e- book ( e. g., how to deal with fonts, typefaces, colors,

etc., online).– How publishers can justify e- books in terms of profit and market share.

34

• Americans read about 10 books per year per person; spend $106/year on trade books

• E-book sales

– 2% of book sales in 2010

– Will grow to 10% by 2014

• Fastest growing delivery platform for text content

35

36SOURCES: Based on data from Assoc. of American Publishers, 2010;

authors’ estimates.

37

In 2010, Amazon’s unit sales of e- books exceeded its unit sales of hard cover books for the first time.

• knowledge management (KM)The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, disseminating it, and using it whenever necessary

38

• KM TYPES AND ACTIVITIES– Create knowledge– Capture knowledge– Refine knowledge– Store knowledge– Manage knowledge– Disseminate knowledge

• Knowledge Sharing

39

40

• HOW IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RELATED TO E-COMMERCE?– Strategic planning in traditional organizations needs

considerable amounts of knowledge– Organizations can learn about their customers and

generate useful knowledge for planning and decision making

– KM and Social Networks• Knowledge creation• Knowledge sharing

41

• knowledge portalA single point of access software system intended to provide timely access to information and to support communities of knowledge workers

42

• ONLINE ADVICE AND CONSULTING– Medical advice e.g webmd.com– Management consulting e.g forresterresearch.com– Legal advice– Gurus and answers to questions e.g.

http://www.experts-exchange.com/– Financial advice– Social networks e.g linkedin.com– Other advisory services

43

• EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS AND EXPERT LOCATION SYSTEMS

• Finding Experts Electronically– expert location systems

Interactive computerized systems that help employees find and connect with colleagues who have expertise required for specific problems—whether they are across the country or across the room—in order to solve specific, critical business problems in seconds

– Seeking Expertise in Social Networks

44

45