e-Government

By:Krishna Prasad Acharya

Contents Evolution of Computing

Evolution of Computers Evolution of Internet

Introduction of Computers in Nepal e-Government

What is e-Government? Benefits of e-Government Successful e-Government practices in other

countries (USA, South Korea, India) Goals of e-Government Building blocks of e-Government UN's global e-Government survey

e-Government Survey 2005 e-Government Survey 2010

Contents contd. Types of service provided through e-Government

Government to Citizen (G2C) (Singapore Case Study)

Government to Business (GB) (China Case Study)

Government to Government (G2G) (USA Case Study)

Government to Employee (G2E) (Case Study) Alternate means of realizing e-Government

besides Internet SMS ( Philippines Case Study) Radio ( Sri Lanka Case Study)

Contents contd. Five Stages of e-Government Prerequisite legal infrastructure for e-

Government Development of e-Government in Nepal

Institutional Infrastructure Legal Infrastructure Data/information infrastructure Human Infrastructure Technical Infrastructure

Contents contd. Three Year Interim Plan (2064/65 -2066/67) Nepal's e-Government Mater Plan 2006

e-Government Vision and Mission Nepal's e-Government Status Identified priority e-Government projects Key factors for successful e-Government

ADB funded e-Government projects Challenges of e-Government Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) Conclusion References

Evolution of Computing Evolution of computers

5000 years ago, the Chinese developed abacus 1939, world's first electronic digital computer 1947, greatest invention of our time: the transistor 1958, invention of Integrated Circuit (IC) 1968, the design of first Microprocessor 1973, invention of Ethernet and TCP/IP 1976, Apple’s first Personal Computer (PC) 1977, invention of PC modem 1981, IBM’s first Personal Computer 1982, the first notebook Personal Computer 1991, the World Wide Web (WWW)

Evolution of Computing contd.

Evolution of Internet 1969 ARPANET established 1971, the first email across a network 1980’s -90’s, ARPANET used extensively

among US universities and Academia 1991, the World Wide Web (www) 1995, dot-com boom starts 2000, dot-com bubble starts to brust

Introduction of Computers in Nepal

1971 Introduction of computer in the country for census (IBM1401)

1974 Establishment of the Electronic Data Processing Centre. Now merged with the National Computer Centre, for promoting computer usage and computer literacy.

1982 First Private Overseas Investment in software development by establishing company for export, Data Systems International (p) Ltd.

1985 Distribution of Personal Computers in Nepal 1990 Liberalization on imports of equipment 1992 Establishment of Computer Association of Nepal 1996 Establishment of the Ministry of Science & Technology 2000 Announcement of the first IT policy, “IT Policy 2057” 2002 Establishment of the National Information Technology

Center 2003 Establishment of the High Level Commission for Information

Technology 2006 Enactment of the Electronics Transaction Act 2063 2010 IT Policy 2067

e-Government What is e-Government?

E-government is the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) to transform the traditional government by making it accessible, transparent, effective and accountable.

E-government is defined as utilizing the Internet and the world-wide-web for delivering government information and services to citizens.

United Nations (UN): www.un.org

e-Government contd. Electronic government (hereafter e-

government) refers to a situation in which administrative, legislative and judicial agencies (including both central and local governments) digitize their internal and external operations and utilize networked systems efficiently to realize better quality in the provision of public services.

Global Business Dialogue on Electronic Commerce (GBDe) (www.dbde.org)

e-Government contd. E-government refers to the use of information

technologies by government agencies (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. These technologies can serve a variety of different ends: better delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions with businesses and industries, citizen empowerment through access of information, or more efficient government management. The resulting benefits can be less corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or cost reductions.

World Bank (www.worldbank.org)

e-Government contd.

Benefits of e-Government Better customer service More convenience More information access Increased efficiency Increased esteem Cost saving Time saving Transparent

e-Government contd. Successful e-Government

practices in other countries (USA, South Korea, India)

USA Case Study Government Paperwork Elimination Act

1998 The e-Government Act 2002 24+1 e-Government initiatives

(GovBenefits.gov, Recreation One-Stop, E-Loans, Geospatial One-Stop, Disaster Management, e-Training, e-Payroll etc)

e-Government contd. Korea Case Study

Act on Informatization Promotion 1995 Electronic Singnature Act 1999 Software Industry Promotion Act 2000 E-Government Act 2001 Act on Digital Divide Reduction 2001 Mid 80s – Mid 90s, national basic information (resident

registration, real state, vehicles etc) was put in database

Mid 90s – Late 90s, many government services (real-state, patent registration) have been put online

Since 2000, more civil service brought online Jan. 2001, Special Committee for e-Government

established under the President In 2002, 31 different projects launched

e-Government contd. India Case Study

Established Ministry of Communication and Information Technology as an apex body in 1999

Information Technology Act 2000 which provides legal recognition of electronic transactions (electronic records and digital signatures)

Set up Center for e-Governance (CEG) to showcase best practices in e-Governance to decision makers in central and state governments

National e-Governance Action Plan (2003-2007)

e-Government contd. India Case Study contd.

Various e-Government projects: income tax, insurance, pension, banking, land records, road transport, agriculture, property registration etc.

e-Seva – very successful project of Andhra Pradesh

66 services (bill/tax payment, issue of certificate etc.) Electronic queue system 46 e-Seva centers with 400 service counters in two

cities (open 8am – 8pm) Payments by cash/check/credit cards/Internet

e-Government contd.

Goals of e-Government Creating a better business

environment Customers online, not in line Strengthening good governance and

broadening public participation Improving the productivity and

efficiency of government agencies Improving the quality of life for

disadvantaged communities

e-Government contd.

Building blocks of e-Government Institutional Infrastructure Legal Infrastructure Data/Information Infrastructure Human Infrastructure Technical Infrastructure

e-Government contd. UN’s global e-Government survey

Infrastructure Index Web Measure Index Human Capital Index Internet Users and PCs Index Telephone and Cellular Index

Based on above rankings, e-Government Readiness Ranking 2005 was developed

e-Government contd.

Country

Index RankingRanking Change2005 2005 2004

US 0.9062 1 1 0

Denmark 0.9058 2 2 - 0

Sweden 0.8983 3 4 1

UK 0.8777 4 3 -1

Korea 0.8727 5 5 0

China 0.5078 57 67 10

India 0.4001 87 86 -1

Tajikistan 0.3346 117 - -

Nepal 0.3021 126 132 6

Bhutan 0.2941 130 165 35

Pakistan 0.2836 136 122 - 14

Bangladesh 0.1762 162 159 -3

Afghanistan 0.1490 168 171 3

UN’s e-Government survey 2005e-Government Readiness Ranking

e-Government contd.

Country

Human Capital Index

2005 2004 2003

USA 0.9700 0.970 0.98

Republic of Korea 0.9700 0.960 0.95

India 0.5900 0.570 0.57

Sri Lanka 0.8300 0.820 0.84

Nepal 0.5000 0.500 0.48

UN’s e-Government survey 2005

Human Capital Index

e-Government contd.

Country

Infrastructure Index

2005 2004 2003

USA 0.7486 0.770 0.801

Republic of Korea

0.6713 0.666 0.675

India 0.0277 0.026 0.027

Sri Lanka 0.0359 0.034 0.036

Nepal 0.0063 0.006 0.006

Country

Web Measure Index

2005 2004 2003

USA 1.0000 1.000 1.000

Republic of Korea

0.9769 0.946 0.607

India 0.5827 0.568 0.522

Sri Lanka 0.3192 0.270 0.279

Nepal 0.4000 0.336 0.319

UN’s e-Government survey 2005Infrastructure Index Web Measure Index

e-Government contd.

Country Internet Users Internet Users Index PCs PC Index

USA 55.600 0.824 66.000 0.807

Republic of Korea 61.000 0.904 55.800 0.682

India 1.800 0.027 0.700 0.009

Sri Lanka 1.300 0.019 1.700 0.021

Nepal 0.300 0.004 0.400 0.005

Country Telephone Data Telephone Index Cellular Data Cellular Index

USA 62.3800 0.5998 54.5800 0.4572

Republic of Korea 53.8300 0.5176 70.0900 0.5871

India 4.6300 0.0445 2.4700 0.0207

Sri Lanka 4.9000 0.0471 7.2700 0.0609

Nepal 1.5700 0.0151 0.2100 0.0018

UN’s e-Government survey 2005

Internet Users and PCs Index (per 100 persons)

Telephone and Cellular Index

e-Government contd.E-Government Readiness by Country, 2007

e-Government contd.

e-Government survey 2010 On-line service index Human capital index Telecommunication infrastructure

index Based on above 3 indexes,

e-Government Development Index has been developed

e-Government contd.

Top 20 Countries In e-Government Development, 2010

e-Government contd.

South Asian Countries In e-Government Development, 2010

Types of e-Government Services 4 main customers of e-Government

Citizens Business community Government agencies Government employees

E-Government aims to deliver these customers convenient, transparent, inexpensive and effective service

Types of e-Government Services contd. Hence, 4 types of e-Government services

Government to Citizen (G2C) Services provided by Government to Citizens

Government to Business (G2B) Services provided by government to business

community Government to Government (G2G)

Services provided by government to govenment Government to Employee (G2E)

Services provided by government to employees

Types of e-Government Services contd. Government to Citizen (G2C)

Services: license renewal, filling income tax, vital registration, health care, hospital information, education, libraries etc.

Case study: Singapore’s e-Citizen Portal 1600 e-services on health, education, business,

employment, family 1300 services on-line (transactional) One-stop access to government services Some of the e-services

Purchase of apartments Voter registration Employment search School information

Types of e-Government Services contd. Government to Business (G2B)

Services: registering business, renewing license, obtaining permits, payment of taxes, obtaining business information, downloading application forms

Case study: China’s Golden Customs Submit import/export declarations to customs

authorities Calculate duty payments Check import/export statistics Benefits:

efficient customs management, prevent illegal activities Criminal and smuggling cases worth US$ 96mil. Increase of tariff payment by US$86mil.

Types of e-Government Services contd. Government to Government (G2G)

Services: immigration system, land information, GIS, KMS, groupware

G2G takes place at two levels Local or domestic level International level

Case study: Global Cooperation on Transactional Crime

Increasing use of Internet for organized crime and illegal trafficking activities

Dec. 2000, 124 states signed UN Convention against Transactional Crime

Information sharing among states about organized crime groups

Types of e-Government Services contd. Government to Employee (G2E)

Services: specialized G2C service for government employees only e.g. HRD training

Case study: Mississippi USA’s Payroll Information Service

View payroll and tax information Mistakes in payroll solved in 2 days instead of 2

weeks Saves US$0.50 in every form that is printed and

mailed

ALTERNATE Means of e-Government Realization

Through SMS Case study: Philippines using

appropriate technologies in e-Government Issuing of fake receipts to taxpayers Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)

introduced SMS notification system Notifies confirmation message within 38

hrs that the authorized banks received the payments

ALTERNATE Means of e-Government Realization contd. Through Radio Developing countries face lack of IT

infrastructure to realize e-Government Case study: Intelligent Intermediaries in

Sri Lanka Radio as an interface between rural people

and Internet 1 hour live program, announcer and

resource persons browse Internet in response to listeners requests/questions

e-Government Stages5 stages of e-Government

Stage 1•Emerging web presence •Creation of the government website. Basic and limited level of information is provided in a static manner

Stage 2•Enhanced web presence•Expansion in government websites. Increased dynamics in information through regular updates of information/contents

Stage 3•Interactive web presence•Usage of electronic formats. 2-way communications via web (online application, confirmation and response)

Stage 4•Transactional web presence•Provision of actual online services, process handling and electronic payment

Stage 5•Fully integrated web presence (seamless)•All services and links are provided on a single government portal, and all the administrative services can be processed on-line

e-Government Stages contd.

Technology level HigherTech

LowerTech

LowerServices

HigherServices

Serv

ice level

Stage 1: eGov’t for Internal Process Improvements

Stage 1: eGov’t for Internal Process Improvements

Stage 2: eGov’t for 1 way communications

Stage 2: eGov’t for 1 way communications

Stage 3: eGov’t for 2 way communications

Stage 3: eGov’t for 2 way communications

Stage 4: eGov’t for “exchange of value” transactions

Stage 4: eGov’t for “exchange of value” transactions

Stage 5: eGov’t for “joined-up” Government

Stage 5: eGov’t for “joined-up” Government

e-Government Stages contd.

E-Government Presence by Country, 2007

Legal Infrastructure for e-Government

Law on e-Government Law on e-Transaction Law on e-Signature Law on Disclosing Administration

Information Law on Protection of Personal

Information Law on Informatization

Promotion

Development of e-Government in Nepal

Realization of Five Building Blocks of

e-Government in Nepal Institutional Infrastructure Legal Infrastructure Data/information infrastructure Human Infrastructure Technical Infrastructure

Development of e-Government in Nepal contd.

Institutional Infrastructure 1996, Ministry of Science and

Technology 2002, National Information Technology

Center 2003, High Level Commission for

Information Technology 2006, Controller Certification Authority

Development of e-Government in Nepal contd.

Legal Infrastructure IT Policy 2057 Telecommunication Policy 2060 Electronic Transaction Act 2063 IT Policy 2067

Development of e-Government in Nepal contd.

Data/Information Infrastructure Digitization of data started by some

organizations Keeping records in electronic form by

some organizations Establishment of Government

Integrated Data Center (GIDC)

Development of e-Government in Nepal contd.

Human Infrastructure Skilled manpower by universities, colleges Engineers, programmers from overseas Semi-skilled manpower by training

institutes Training programs to government

employees Awareness program among general public

Development of e-Government in Nepal contd. Technical Infrastructure

Fiber optic network in Singhdurbar Fiber optic network along East west highway Proposed fiber optic network along north-south SASEC Information Highway connecting Nepal,

India, Bangladesh and Bhutan Establishment of Tele-centers Rural Telecommunication Fund for connecting

all district headquarter through fiber optic

Development of e-Government in Nepal contd. Three year interim plan (2064/65 -2066/67) envisaged

following activities to promote e-Governance IT Park in Banepa Expansion of Tele-centers eGMP implementation Promotion of R&D in Universities E-Governance Training to government employees Awareness promotion activities Controller Office and Payment Gateway establishment Fiber Optic Network operation in central agencies Enactment of laws regarding VOIP, Payment Gateway and

Wireless operation Formulation of Acts and Regulations on ICT Formation of ICT Service Group Promotion of CAN Info Tech like events

Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006

e-Government Master Plan (eGMP) Prepared by Ministry of Science and

Technology with the help of Korean IT Promotion Agency (KIPA)

Started in 2005 and completed in 2006

Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd. e-Government Master Plan’s vision and mission Vision

Citizen-centered service Transparent service Networked government Knowledge based society

Mission Improve the quality of people’s life without any

discrimination, transcending regional and racial differences, and realize socio-economic development by building a transparent government and providing value added quality services through ICT.

Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.

Nepal’s e-Government statusMinistry Informatized Task Database ICT Staff

CIAA - - 14

EC Preparing voter list IVRS, DVRS 90

FCGO Budget implementation DECS 10

FMIS

HLCIT Maintaining documents DMS 12

Maintaining revenue GAS

MoF Budget management BMIS 2

MoFA Issuing passport PSI 4

MoHP Training HURDIS 8

MoLD Local development Arcview 7

Arc GIS

ArcInfo

NPC Project management PPIS 13

Expenditure management MTF

Financial management Accounting System

PSC Recording applicants Examination 8

Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.

Nepal’s e-Government status contd.Ministry Informatized Task Database ICT Staff[1]

MoAC - - 0

MCM[2] - - -

MoCTCA - - 8

MoD - - 1

MoES - - 19

MoEST - - ?

MoFSC - - 2

MoGA - - 32

MoHA - - 29

MoICS - - 4

MoIC - - 18

MoLTM - - 3

MoLRM - - 3

MoL - - 0

MoPPW - - 1

MoWR - - 4

MoWCSW - - 6

NVC[3] - - 4

NLRC[4] - - 2

Peace Secretariat

- - 2

Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.

Priority e-Government ProjectsPhase Priority Project Type

1

1 Government Portal G2C

2 Groupware G2G

3 EA Infra

4 GIDC Infra

5 NID G2C

6 e-Education G2G

7 PKI Infra

2

8 e-Authentication G2G

9 e-Tax G2G

10 e-Customs G2B

11 e-Vehicle G2C

12 e-Drivers License G2C

13 e-Land G2G

3

14 e-Procurement G2B

15 Passport Management G2C

16 Immigration G2G

17 BRAMS G2B

18 e-Health G2C

19 e-Commerce G2B

20 e-Agriculture G2C

Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.

Key success factors for e-Government realization in Nepal Commitment from Head of state Strong implementing organization Organizational and institutional system Introduction of cutting edge

technologies Promotion of domestic IT companies for

e-Government projects

Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.

Key success factors contd. Fund mechanism for large scale

investment Monitoring and assessing mechanism Usages status assessment after

project completion Incentives/remuneration system

based on performance

ADB Funding on e-Government Projects ADB’s support for e-Government

US$ 30mil. Grant assistance for ICT Development Project

National ID Vehicle License Land Record Management Public Service Commission Enterprise Architecture Groupware

Challenges of e-Government Strong commitment from political and

administrative leaders Lack of long term vision and strategy Lack of e-Government Act No Apex Body for e-Government Sustainability of Tele-centers Difficulty in Change management Payment Gateway and Digital

Signatures Awareness among general public

Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Unicode Why Open Source Software?

Nominal ownership cost No licensing agreement Interoperability Distributable Source code available so can easily be

localized Nepal is a signatory to WTO, WIPO.

Therefore should abide by copyright rules Promotion of Open Source Software in

government agencies

Conclusion Although there are number of challenges faced

by Nepal in various fronts, ICT can and should play as an effective development tool to overcome geographical boundaries to achieve its developmental goals. In this context, e-Government can transform the traditional way of government’s public service delivery to a more transparent, efficient and cost effective manner. Ultimately, this will help bridge digital divide, poverty reduction and attain the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) set by UN.

References E-Government Master Plan Consulting

Report 2006 UN Global e-Government Readiness

Report 2005 UN e-Government Survey 2010 E-Government UNDP-APDIP 2003 Promoting e-Governance in Nepal, 2065 Electronic Government for Developing

Countries, ITU, 2008

Thank You !!!Thank You !!!