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1. ABSTRACTElectronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, is a type of industry where

buying and selling of product or service is conducted over electronic systems such as the

Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such

as mobile commerce,electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet

marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory

management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic

commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction's

life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-

mail, mobile devices social media, and telephones as well.

Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also

consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of

business transactions.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_funds_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_transaction_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_data_interchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_management_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_management_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_management_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_management_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_data_interchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_transaction_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_funds_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_commerce

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2..INTRODUCTION

E-commerce, in the popular sense, can be defined as: the use of the Internet and the

Web to conduct business transactions. A more technical definition would be: e-commerce

involves digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations andindividuals. Ecommerce differs from e-business in that no commercial transaction, an

exchange of value across organizational or individual boundaries, takes place in e-business.

E-business is the digital enablement of transactions and processes within a firm and therefore

does not include any exchange in value. E-commerce and e-business intersect at the business

firm boundary at the point where internal business systems link up with suppliers. For

instance, e-business turns into e-commerce when an exchange of value occurs across firm

boundaries.

With the advent of the Internet, the term e-commerce began to include:

Electronic trading of physical goods and of intangibles such asinformation.

All the steps involved in trade, such as on-line marketing, orderingpayment and support for delivery.

The electronic provision of services such as after sales support or on-linelegal advice.

Electronic support for collaboration between companies such as collaborative on-linedesign and engineering or virtual business consultancy teams.

The wide range of business activities related to e-commerce brought about a range of other

new terms and phrases to describe the Internet phenomenon in other business sectors. Some

of these focus on purchasing from on-line stores on the Internet. Since transactions go

through the Internet and the Web, the terms I-commerce (Internet commerce), icommerce and

even Web-commercehave been suggested but are now very rarely used. Other terms that are

used for on-line retail selling include e-tailing, virtual-stores or cyber stores. A collection of

these virtual stores is sometimes gathered into a virtual mall or cybermall.

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3. LITERATURE SURVEY

E-commerce principally covers two concepts, i.e. B2B and B2C.

Business to Business transactions (B2B) simply means businesses selling to other businesses,

e.g. manufacturers selling to wholesalers (www.dell.com); wholesalers selling to retailers;

office suppliers selling to other offices (MyBiz.com); etc.

Business to Consumer transactions (B2C) means businesses selling to consumers, usually in

the form of online shops, e.g. music online shop (www.onlinemusic.com) or eBay

(www.ebay.com).

The difference between a web site and an E-commerce site is that

an ordinary web site offers consumer with only information and purchasing options which are

available off-line while an E-commerce web site offers not only current information but also

provides secure options to complete the transaction online.

http://www.dell.com/http://www.onlinemusic.com/http://www.ebay.com/http://www.ebay.com/http://www.onlinemusic.com/http://www.dell.com/

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4. MERITS AND DEMERITS

MERITS

Enables more flexible working practices, which enhances the quality of life for awhole host of people in society, enabling them to work from home. Not only is thismore convenient and provides happier and less stressful working environments, it also

potentially reduces environmental pollution as fewer people have to travel to work

regularly.

Connects people. Enables people in developing countries and rural areas to enjoy andaccess products, services, information and other people which otherwise would not be

so easily available to them.

Facilitates delivery of public services. For example, health services available over theInternet (on-line consultation with doctors or nurses), filing taxes over the Internet

through the Inland Revenue website.

DEMERITS

Lack of sufficient system security, reliability, standards and communication protocols.There are numerous reports of websites and databases being hacked into, and security

holes in software. For example, Microsoft has over the years issued many security

notices and patches for their software.

Several banking and other business websites, including Barclays Bank, Powergen andeven the Consumers Association in the UK, have experienced breaches in security

where a technical oversight or a fault in its systems led to confidential client

information becoming available to all.

Rapidly evolving and changing technology, so there is always a feeling of trying tocatch up and not be left behind.

Under pressure to innovate and develop business models to exploit the newopportunities which sometimes leads to strategies detrimental to the organisation. The

ease with which business models can be copied and emulated over the Internet

increase that pressure and curtail longer-term competitive advantage.

Facing increased competition from both national and international competitors oftenleads to price wars and subsequent unsustainable losses for the organisation.

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5. APPLICATIONS :

Document automation in supply chain and logistics Domestic and international payment systems Enterprise content management Group buying Automated online assistants Instant messaging Newsgroups Online shopping and order tracking

Online banking Online office suites Shopping cart software Teleconferencing Electronic tickets

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_automationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_content_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_buyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_online_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroupshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shoppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_office_suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_cart_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleconferencinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_tickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_tickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_tickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleconferencinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_cart_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_office_suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shoppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroupshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_online_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_buyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_content_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_automation

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6. CONCLUSION

There is no one commonly agreed definition of e-commerce or e-business. Thus, there is a

need to clarify terms being used and explain the context in which they are being applied. E-

commerce has an impact on three major stakeholders, namely society, organisations andcustomers (or consumers). There are a number of advantages, which include cost savings,

increased efficiency, customisation and global marketplaces. There are also limitations

arising from e-commerce which apply to each of the stakeholders. These include information

overload, reliability and security issues, cost of access, social divisions and difficulties in

policing the Internet. Successful e-commerce involves understanding the limitations and

minimising the negative impact while at the same time maximising the benefits. In order to

aid general understanding of e-commerce a number of frameworks have been introduced to

explore it from different perspectives: the macro-environment, which identifies the

interaction of technology, people, organisations, policy and technical standards working

together to enable e-commerce; the different participants and the kind of e-commerce

transactions that occur between them; and the degree of digitisation that analyses product,

processes and delivery agents in an organisation. These frameworks help identify the

elements of e-commerce and how businesses can better understand e-commerce and its

practical applicability.

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7. REFERENCES :

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce

[2] http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/9598_019964Ch1.pdf

[3] http://www2.sta.uwi.edu/~anikov/comp6350/questions.pdf

[4] http://www.manjeetss.com/articles/advantagesdisadvantagesecommerce.html