e-books
TRANSCRIPT
E-Books in Academic Libraries
Past, present and the future
Buddhi Prakash Chauhan
Library Director,
O. P. Jindal Global University, Sonepat (Haryana)
Agenda
1. O. P. Jindal Global University
2. Evolution of E-book
3. E-book : evolving scenario and its relevance to academic libraries
4. A brief introduction to selected e-book services
5. Acquisition and management of e-books collection in academic libraries
6. Questions
O. P. Jindal Global University (JGU) Established under Haryana Private Universities (2nd Amendment) Act,
2009, in memory of Mr. O.P. Jindal as a philanthropic initiative of Mr.
Naveen Jindal, the Founding Chancellor.
• Jindal Global Law School (JGLS): BA-LL.B. (H), BBA-LLB, LL.B., LL.M
• Jindal Global Business School (JGBS): MBA, BBA+MBA
• Jindal School of International Affairs (JSIA): MA (DLB)
• Jindal School of Government & Public Policy (JSGP): MA (Pub Policy)
• Jindal School of Humanities & Liberal Arts (JSHL): B.A. (Liberal Arts)
• Jindal Institute of Leadership & Executive Education (JILDEE)
JGU-International collaborations
Semester Exchange: 34 universities across
America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa &
Australia Incl. Indiana. Cornell, Baltimore, California,
Temple, Sydney, Texas etc.
Dual Degree: Indiana, Arizona, Texas, UCB,
Tilburg, and Rollins College
Faculty Exchange: Harvard, Yale, Cornell,
Arizona
Global Library at JGU
www.jgu.edu.in/library
http://koha.jgu.edu.in
45000+ print volumes.
Subscribes to e-resources from over 20
publishers with a combined subscription
to 15000+ e-journals
RFID based fully
automated operations
EVOLUTION OF E-BOOK
What is Electronic Book
A book composed in or converted to
digital format for display on a computer
screen or handheld device.
May include text, graphics, sound or movie
clips
Innovation and Technology
Development(1970-2000 )
1971: Michael Hart founded Project Gutenberg, a
global coordinated volunteer effort to digitize and
distribute the great works, with a target of I million
books by 2015. The Purpose of Project Gutenberg, is
to encourage the creation and distribution of
electronic books, in public domain as well as
copyrighted works with permission.
Earlier forms were MS-Word and PDF.
Developments in world wide web, imaging , and
information storage and retrieval technologies also led
to new enterprises in e-content development
TRIPS and country legislations to protect Digital Rights
Phase of Excitement & Commercial
Exploration (2000-2004)
Sale of books and articles still under copyright.
◦ Amazon.com one of the earliest retailers started
selling e-books in 2000.
Some aggregators like EBL and Ebrary
launched their services with a few hundred
titles in 2003-2004.
However, the market was slow to develop, and
many publishers were reluctant to offer digital
versions of their works out of fear that they
would lose control of their distribution.
Phase of Trial & Growth (2005-2010) Tremendous increase in the pace of e-
content development.
Many more collaborative projects like Hathi Trust started for digitizing public domain publications.
A number of publishers started digitizing their archival collections and started planning to market in-print titles in e-book form.
Aggregators like EBL and Ebrary started selling titles from multiple authors from their versatile platforms offering innovative features and business models
Phase of Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
Development of E-book readers to improve reading
experience, & to manage digital rights ◦ 2007 : Kindle, a portable digital reader with built-in digital
rights management software to prevent users from transferring their purchases in a readable form to others.
◦ 2009: Kindle-2 and Kindle DX,
◦ Sony, apple IPOD and IPHONE
2009: Amazon announced plans to begin selling e-books only in its Kindle or Mobipocket formats. Only. Amazons’s first publishing line, AmazonEncore, dedicated to popular self-published and out-of-print books., competing with other publishers
2011: Amazon reported that Kindle e-books were outselling all printed books.
Phase of Trial & Growth-Business
Model
Publisher Libraries Users
No Risk Little demand, little
availabity
No significant
advantage over print
Print first Unattractive pricing Outdates
Very little revenues Print V/S Electronic Lack of awareness
Phase of & Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
Issues concerning Libraries and Library
Users
Ignorance of what e-books are available.
Low awareness of the value and relevance
of e-books.
Mismatch between what was on offer and
what was needed
Uncertainty about acceptability of e-books
compared to printed books
Phase of & Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
Issues concerning Publishers & Distributors
E-books taken as windfall business, after exhausting the
print market.
◦ Too few titles
◦ Mostly outdated and non selling titles
◦ Titles of bulk demand such as textbooks not covered
E-book business and print business taken as two
entirely different market segments
Play safe approach
Under developed or complex access and discovery
platforms
Inappropriate and unimaginative pricing models
Phase of & Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
Print v/s electronic debate at its peak among the librarians.
Many studies were undertaken to evolve strategies and best
practices for e books collections in the libraries.
2006: UK: Joint Information Systems Committee’s E-book
Working Group listed academic librarian’s expectations:
◦ Course material’, principally textbooks.
◦ Current titles
◦ Wider choice relevant to the academic community.
◦ Flexibility of purchase model
◦ Sensible charging bands or prices regime.
◦ Multiple and concurrent access for users.
◦ Easy access
◦ A more systematic way of discovering what e-books are available
Phase of Trial & Growth (2005-2010)
2008 study at University College London
E-books were compared to traditional print across a range of factors and scored very favourably for ease of copying, currency, space requirements, 24/7 accessibility, convenience and ease of navigation.
However e-books scored poorly compared to print for ease of reading, ease of marking a place and ease of annotation.
45% preferred to read from screen
CURRENT TRENDS AND EVOLVING SCENARIO
Driving forces for e-books: Libraries
Declining use of print material,
Constraints on library shelf space,
Limited funds,
Maintenance of printed books, and
Acquisition, processing, storage, and archiving costs &
time
Environmental concerns
Users are more familiar with e-books than they were
before.
User acceptability: Studies have shown that e-books
checkouts are many times higher than the printed books
Libraries are setting aside substantial budget for e-books.
Technology Drivers Distribution Speed, Cost, Flexibility and customization,
Business models, Add on features
Production • Cost
• Currency
• Multimedia
• Mixed contents
• Integration with LMS
• Digital Printing/Self publishing
Discovery • Sophisticated and user friendly interface
• OPAC import
• Alerts
• Chapter level and full text
• Resource discovery tools
E-Book Readers • E Book Readers: Kindle (Amazon), Nook
(Barnes & Noble), IPAD (Apple),
Smartphones,
• Online and offline Proprietary E-books
readers software
• Open Standards
New Product and Content Features
Dynamic Contents: Multimedia, links, customization, cross licensed items, LMS specific contents, disable friendly features, format suitable for multiple devices
Online readers, marking/highlighting, multiple option to print and share,
Discovery from library’s OPAC, Incorporation in LMS
Peer review & recommendation
Community contribution
Chapter level/full text searching, title level/chapter level relevance ranking
Direct links to references, user contributed links
Convergence of forms: More e-books available on subject specific full text resources. Eg. Hein Online, Manupatra (Law), EBSCO Host (Business)
Flexible & Customized Business
Models ◦ Subscriptions: Standard subject collections
/Customized collection
◦ Perpetual License Subject Collections, customized collection
Pick and choose
With or without recurring platform fee/update fee
◦ Patron Driven Acquisitions
◦ Rental /short term loans/Non Linear lending
>>Hybrid: Print Plus electronic??
Differential pricing
>>deep discount for titles already purchased in print
>>Centralized/country level/consortium negotiated prices
Publishing & Distribution
More and more mainstream publishers (esp. with e-journals portfolio)
offering e-books collection. Many of them offering simultaneous Print and
Electronic.
>>Let customer decide
>> E-books will be preferred mode
>>Gradually content rather than form will be the focus
More and more titles now available as Print on demand
>>Nothing will go out of print
Separation of publishing , Production and distribution functions
>>More and more print distribution will take place from local franchisee
(even the local library) having digital printing facility reducing time and costs
Aggregators like Ebrary and Overdrive continue to expand their reach and
provide innovative services. Small publishers are be able to use aggregators
platform to distribute their e-books.
Self Publishing: Lightening source (Ingram), Create Space (Amazon), Lulu
Managing E-Books
A librarian’s job involves exploring new sources of information, in the existing form or new forms, for the purpose of preservation and dissemination of knowledge.
Questions before a Librarian
Does a new form provide any tangible or intangible benefits over the existing form. Economic, Ease-of-use, Expansion, Efficiency, and Edge
Are there any potential disadvantages, and
How to develop a strategy to adopt and adapt with the new form
E-books in academic libraries:
Decision matrix
Type Curren
cy
Archiv
al Value
Freque
ncy of
use
Price
Target
users
Preferre
d form
Textbook Medium
-High
Low High Low Students/M
ass
Courseware
(Muti-
media)
High Low High N/A Students/M
ass
Electronic
Monographs Medium
-low
High Medium
-High
Medium -
High
Professional
s
Monographs Very
Low
Medium
- High
Low Researchers Electronic
Reference
Works
(multiledia)
High Low High Educators,
researchers,
students
Electronic
Framework for Management of e-
books Collection development Policy,
Budget,
Discovery
Evaluation and selection
License negotiations,
Cataloging and delivery
Marketing/promotion
User education,
Monitoring and reviewing,
Renewals and cancellation.
The Way Forward
Studies have revealed that
Neither forms replacing each other
Differences in academic reading and leisure reading
Need for more user-focused research on e-books to understand how they are used rather than how often they are used. A small number of titles account for a large percentage of usage.
Users' prior experience with e-books, perspectives on desirable and undesirable e-book characteristics, and preferences for print versus e-books as provided by the libraries continue to vary.
E-books have not yet achieved anything like the market penetration of e-journals.
EBOOK RESOURCES: SOME EXAMPLES
Ebrary (Proquest)
Over 700,000 documents
Purchase models
◦ Subscription (80,000 plus titles in various
subsets)
◦ Perpetual purchase
◦ Short loan
◦ Patron driven acquisition
E-book Library (Proquest)
http://www.eblib.com/
Over 420,000 titles from over 100 publishers
Multiple concurrent access (Non-Linear Lending)
Demand Driven acquisition
Short Term Circulation :
pay-per-use model which provides a "just-in-time" solution for libraries and patrons and a possible alternative to interlibrary loan.
Chapters for Reserve Lending, Course-packs etc. .
Overdrive
www.overdrive.com
Over 1000,000 titles from 2000
publishers for all type of devices and
readers
Support services for libraries like
managing websites etc.
World E-book library
http://community.ebooklibrary.org/
The World eBook Library Collection
shelves more than 2,000,000+ PDF
eBooks and audiobooks in mp3 format in
100+ languages. Compatible with all PCs,
Laptops, PDAs, Kindle DX, Kindle 3
iPad/iPods, eReaders, and Smartphones
THANK YOU