HISTORY OF KENPOKENPO KARATE is a combination of two of the world's most devastating self defence forms. Actually, the two arts are very similar, differing only indetail. The word, Kenpo, describes the Chinese style of Karate, while the more modern term, Karate, best describes that system which is now practisedin Okinawa. Kenpo means "law of the fist" while Karate, its related technique, means "empty hand". "Empty hand" refers to the fact that noweapons are used. Instead, the hands, elbows, fingers, feet, knees and other parts of the body are developed and used as weapons.

A person proficient in this art can easily handle several men, or produce nicely shaped halves out of solid bricks, with the bare hand. Yet no one canactually imagine the deadliness, the speed, or the incredible power of KENPO KARATE without a demonstration. Once observed it will be unanimouslyagreed that the effectiveness of KENPO KARATE is the speed and power with which manoeuvres are executed with most techniques being measuredin fractions of seconds.

The exact history of KENPO KARATE has been lost in the antiquity of time, and consequently no definite date can be established as to when it actuallystarted. The only definite link we have is a few recorded records. But, even then we cannot tell how many writings have been destroyed, or how manyhappenings have never been recorded. Nor can we ascertain the truthfulness of the existing records. Bits of information seem to indicate that KENPOKARATE may have been practised in India and China as long as five thousand years ago. But, other records seem to link KENPO KARATE even back tothe time of the Egyptian Empire.

Although the true origin of Kenpo is obscure, credit has been given Daruma, the twenty-eighth Buddha from India. When Daruma emigrated to Chinaabout the year 525 A.D., armed marauders were playing havoc with their helpless victims. These marauders resulted from the fall of the Han dynasty(202 B.C. - 220 A.D.). During this Dark Age period, the public realized that they were no match for swords and maces. Thus, Daruma declared that partsof the body were to be hardened and developed into weapons. He may have called upon some long forgotten self defence form, we cannot say, forthe writings are not that complete, but we do know that he taught his system of self defence known then as Go-shinjutsu. His system applied themental concentration of Zen mediation (a deep form of Buddhist meditation similar to yoga) to the self defence arts of the open hand. The underlyingprinciples of Go-shinjutsu were the preservation of human rights which insured and promoted peace and happiness. Because Daruma was a sternbeliever of peace, he decreed that each man had the right to protect himself, so he made the following proclamation:

"War and killing are wrong, but so is it wrong not to be prepared to defend one's self. They have taken our weapons but we have our bodies. We have no knifes, so make every fist unto a mace. Without spears every arm must be unto a spear and every open hand a sword"

Daruma's Go-shinjutsu established the foundation for the development of the Chinese Karate, known a little later as Kenpo.

Because of the geographic locations of India, China, Formosa, Korea, Okinawa, Japan and surrounding areas, it would be natural to assume that therewas an interchange of ideas and principles among these countries. From China, Kenpo soon spread to these areas. However, Kenpo was neverpractised unless national defence induced them to protect themselves.

Originally, the Okinawan form of Kenpo primarily utilized the fists. The Chinese Kenpo form used the open hand. In Formosa, Kenpo consisted mostlyof poking and thrusting with the fingers. The Southern Islands beyond Formosa, concentrated their efforts on kicking. According to the oldest writtenrecords of Japan, Kenpo was introduced there by Kosokun of China about two hundred years ago, but unfortunately, it enjoyed little fame. The exactform of Kenpo practised at that time is quite vague, although it was referred to as Kumiai Jitsu (the tackling art). Other records date even further backto the time of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). During this period a Chinese priest named Chin Gen Pin, or Chuen Yuan Pin, (1644-48, or 1627) wasbelieved to be the first to introduce the art of Kenpo to Japan. Since its introduction, it has been a popular belief that Chinese Kenpo gave rise toJapanese Jujitsu. However, contrary to this belief, Chinese Kenpo and Japanese Jujitsu is quite different, although some knowledge of Kenpo did givestimulus to the progress of Jujitsu. The art of Kenpo brought by Chen Gen Pin consisted mainly of kicking and striking.

During the T'ang period (618-906 A.D.), Chinese Kenpo was renamed Tode, and the Okinawan Kenpo (prior to the years 1901 and 1902) was called "te",meaning hands.

Okinawan history records a great sovereign named Sho-Ha-Shi, who controlled Okinawa under one entity, about five hundred years ago. During hisreign, he ruled the government with the sole purpose of establishing a cultural country, and so prohibited the carrying of arms. In the year 1609,Shimazu, a Japanese feudal lord, under the influence of the rulers of Satsuma province of Japan, attacked Okinawa, and took it into his possession.He then clamped an even firmer restriction on the use of weapons by the Okinawan natives to prevent retaliation. Thus, the Okinawans were forcedto practice their martial art of "te" in secret. This was the golden period which brought about an upsurge in the advancement of this martial art.Through their efforts and practice, many improvements developed, which eventually brought about the art of Karate. However, it was not until 1902that Okinawa began to openly teach Karate to the general public. Up to that time Karate was reserved for only the upper class of people.

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HISTORY OF KENPO page 2

Because "te" was practised in many different towns, the name of each town preceded the word "te" in order to distinguish their individual style of"te". Nationally, they referred to their martial art as Okinawa-te. As a salute to the Chinese T'ang dynasty during which the empty hand artsflourished, the Okinawans then named their martial art "karate".

In 1924, Gichin Funakoshi introduced Karate to Japan and established a teaching centre in Tokyo. After its introduction by Funakoshi, many otherOkinawan Karate men followed him, spreading Karate outside of the confines of Tokyo. By 1930 almost every school in Japan had a Karatedepartment.

Karate's height of popularity grew during the era of Japan's military expansion and lasted up to the end of World War II. Because of its lethal qualitiesand its adoption by the former Japanese Military, Karate was officially banned, August 11, 1951, by a special Occupational directive. However, afterJapan regained its status with the United States, the ban on Karate was lifted and the art has since been revived.

In the thirty odd years since its introduction into Japan, Karate techniques have been modified and improved, with many Judo holds being incorporatedinto the art. Compared to Japan's national sport of Judo, Karate is still an obscure art, but judging form the rapid increase of Karate schools that arespreading throughout Japan and Hawaii, it is fast developing into a major sport.

In China, the term Kung Fu, or also know as Gung Fu, is now used to describe their ancient empty hand art, In essence, their art is divided into two majorforms, the hard form and the soft form Although in performance, both forms resemble a classical dance, with graceful and alert movements, the softform is used more to discourage an opponent by forcing him off balance. The hard form, on the other hand, is used primarily to cause immediate injury.Through my study and association with the Chinese Kung Fu men, it is without question that Karate is a variation of the hard Kung Fu form.

"Originally the Okinawan connotation of "kara" was China, but has since taken the Japanese work "kara" meaning "empty".

Though Kung Fu is divided into two major forms, there are many variations of these forms, with each borrowing from the other. Some schools in Chinaplace great emphasis upon the use of their fingers when applying their techniques, while other place emphasis on the knuckles or feet. This is alsofound to be true in many schools of Karate today. However, whatever the differences are, the forms are still similar in context, and are onlydistinguished from each other by a few individual features.

As the oriental emigrate to Hawaii, they brought with them these same empty hand arts. Like other countries, after its introduction, improvements andmodifications soon developed. The leading modifier in the Hawaiian Island is Professor William K.S. Chow. Realizing that Americans fight differently,in comparison with the oriental, he has revised many of the old techniques and has also added a few individual features of his own. It was underProfessor Chow that he obtained his Black Belt. Since leaving his native land he has brought the art of KENPO KARATE to the United States tocomplete the journey.

Mr. Ed Parker was one of America's foremost Karate pioneers. He opened his first studio in Porvo, Utah (1954) while attending Brigham YoungUniversity when he obtained a B.S. Degree in Sociology and Psychology. Upon graduating B.Y.U. he moved to Pasadena, California where he openedhis second school in 1956. Over the years Kenpo Karate has grown both in the USA, Europe and more recently in Canada. The organization was knowas the I.K..K.A. (International Kenpo Karate Association). After the passing away of Mr. Parker on December 15, 1990, the remaining Executive Boardof Directors, Mr. Joe Palanzo, Mr. Richard (Huk) Palanis and Mr. Frank Trejo formed a new organization in which to preserve and carry on into the 21stCentury called the W.K.K.A. (Worldwide Kenpo Karate Association). Mr. Joe Palanzo was nominated President since he had been operating on EdParker's Kenpo Karate franchised studio since 1970, although his instruction with the late great Mr. Parker dates back to 1964. In January 1996 Mr.Palanzo was promoted to 10th degree black belt (Senior Grandmaster) by the board of directors. In January 1995 Mr. Stewart sought out and travelledto Baltimore, Maryland to become affiliated with the organization and to become a personal student under Mr. Palanzo. Since that time Mr. Stewartbecame the Canadian Representative for the W.K.K.A. and was a member of the Worldwide Kenpo Karate National Demonstration Team. He travelledregularly to Baltimore to take private lessons with Mr. Palanzo as well as attending various Kenpo Karate seminars to assist in teaching whilecontinuing his Martial Arts studies. Every August Mr. Stewart held his annual Canadian Kenpo Karate Camp where instructors and students travelledfrom Canada and the USA to participate and gain knowledge of the most lethal Martial Arts of our time. In October 1997 Mr. Ste wart was promotedto 5th Degree Black Belt (Associate Professor) by Mr. Palanzo and the Board of Directors. In October 2001 Mr. Stewart was promoted to 6th Degree(Professor) by Mr. Frank Trejo, (10th Degree) and was one of the three first generation direct students of the late Grandmaster Edward Parker.

Currently Mr. Stewart hosts the Annual Canadian Martial Arts Training Camp (MATC), where Martial Artists who specialize in other styles can sharetheir knowledge with everyone. This not only compliments Kenpo, but can add to its already lethal arsenal. Mr. Stewart is the highest rankedlegitimate second generation Kenpo Instructor in Canada.